Cilj izlaganja jest iz osobne perspektive autora, kao medicinskoga djelatnika, ali i njegovih kontakata s Andrijom Štamparom, kao profesorom i dekanom Medicinskoga fakulteta, dati usporedbu javnoga ...zdravstva prema Štamparovih postulatima, kojih se i sam autor držao tijekom radnoga vijeka, i onoga što je od Štamparove vizije javnoga zdravstva (pre)ostalo u suvremeno doba. Referirajući se na pandemiju bolesti COVID-19, sprečavanju koje je pridonijela i Štamparova metodologija, poziva se na Štamparovu ideju da patologija u pučanstvu mora nametati organizaciju zdravstva u državi, ujedno se prisjećajući studentskih dana i Štamparovih predavanja o epidemijama i higijenskim navikama. Također se ističe kako je već Štampar na svojim predavanjima postavljao pitanja o potrebi privatizacije medicine, odnosno o »zarađivanju na bolestima ljudi«. U skladu s navedenim, autor se fokusirao na sve veću tendenciju privatizacije u medicini, postavljajući pitanje jesu li time narušeni principi javnoga zdravstva i domova »narodnoga« zdravlja te mora li o zdravlju naroda brinuti država ili zavodi zdravstvenoga osiguranja, naglašavajući kako je danas ugovorni liječnik opće prakse primoran primarno se brinuti o svojoj i egzistenciji medicinske sestre, a tek onda o upisanim pacijentima, čime su nezadovoljni i liječnici i njihovi pacijenti te se odnos liječnik–pacijent svodi na dehumanizaciju i depersonalizaciju, što u konačnici rezultira sve većim odljevom mladih medicinskih kadrova iz Hrvatske, a pacijenti su »prisiljeni« okrenuti se privatnim zdravstvenim ustanovama. Iako je Vlada Republike Hrvatske donijela Odluku o proglašenju prestanka epidemije bolesti COVID-19, autor stvarnom hrvatskom epidemijom i realitetom drži povećanje nezaraznih bolesti te činjenicu da je Hrvatska na drugom mjestu po broju malignih bolesti u Europskoj uniji, smatrajući kako organizacija zdravstva i pristup moraju biti drugačiji od sadašnjega, vjerujući kako bi Štampar, suočen s takvim izazovom, tražio osnivanje ustanova sličnih dispanzerima, odnosno centara za maligne bolesti, gdje bi bolesnici dobivali sve potrebito – podršku, pregled i terapiju.
The aim of this presentation is to provide a personal perspective from the author, a medical professional, and his interactions with Andrija Štampar, as a professor and dean of the School of Medicine. It offers a comparison of public health based on Štampar’s principles, which the author himself followed throughout his career, and what remains of Štampar’s vision of public health in the modern era. In reference to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was mitigated in part by Štampar’s methodology, the paper emphasises Štampar’s idea that the pathology of the population should dictate the organisation of healthcare in the state. It also recalls the author’s student days and Štampar’s lectures on epidemics and hygiene. The paper highlights that Štampar raised questions about the need for medical privatisation, or ‘profiting from people’s illnesses,’ in his lectures. In line with this, the author focuses on the increasing trend of privatisation in medicine and raises questions about whether this compromises the principles of public health and ‘national’ healthcare facilities. It also addresses the issue of whether the state or health insurance institutions should be responsible for the people’s health, pointing out that, today, contracted general practitioners are primarily concerned with their own livelihoods and the job security of their medical assistants before considering their registered patients. This situation has left both doctors and their patients dissatisfied and has resulted in the dehumanisation and depersonalisation of the doctor-patient relationship, ultimately leading to a significant brain drain of young medical professionals from Croatia, while patients are ‘forced’ to turn to private healthcare institutions. Although the Government of the Republic of Croatia has declared the end of the COVID-19 epidemic, the author believes that the real epidemic in Croatia is the increase in non-communicable diseases and the fact that Croatia ranks second in the European Union according to the number of malignant diseases. The author suggests that the organisation of and access to healthcare need to be different from the current system. He believes that if Štampar were faced with such a challenge, he would advocate for the establishment of institutions similar to dispensaries or cancer centres, where patients would receive all the necessary support, examinations, and therapy.
The aim of this presentation is to provide a personal perspective from the author, a medical professional, and his interactions with Andrija Štampar, as a professor and dean of the School of ...Medicine. It offers a comparison of public health based on Štampar’s principles, which the author himself followed throughout his career, and what remains of Štampar’s vision of public health in the modern era. In reference to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was mitigated in part by Štampar’s methodology, the paper emphasises Štampar’s idea that the pathology of the population should dictate the organisation of healthcare in the state. It also recalls the author’s student days and Štampar’s lectures on epidemics and hygiene. The paper highlights that Štampar raised questions about the need for medical privatisation, or ‘profiting from people’s illnesses,’ in his lectures. In line with this, the author focuses on the increasing trend of privatisation in medicine and raises questions about whether this compromises the principles of public health and ‘national’ healthcare facilities. It also addresses the issue of whether the state or health insurance institutions should be responsible for the people’s health, pointing out that, today, contracted general practitioners are primarily concerned with their own livelihoods and the job security of their medical assistants before considering their registered patients. This situation has left both doctors and their patients dissatisfied and has resulted in the dehumanisation and depersonalisation of the doctor-patient relationship, ultimately leading to a significant brain drain of young medical professionals from Croatia, while patients are ‘forced’ to turn to private healthcare institutions. Although the Government of the Republic of Croatia has declared the end of the COVID-19 epidemic, the author believes that the real epidemic in Croatia is the increase in non-communicable diseases and the fact that Croatia ranks second in the European Union according to the number of malignant diseases. The author suggests that the organisation of and access to healthcare need to be different from the current system. He believes that if Štampar were faced with such a challenge, he would advocate for the establishment of institutions similar to dispensaries or cancer centres, where patients would receive all the necessary support, examinations, and therapy.
Ideja da se o Andriji Štamparu održava stručni i znanstveni skup nastala je od dr. Ivice Balen i profesorice Stane Vukovac iz Slavonskog Broda. Andrija Štampar je cijeli život ostao vezan za svoju ...rodnu Slavoniju. Kako su sve njegove djelatnosti i uspjesi u javnosti poznati, najmanje se zna o njegovom djetinjstvu, mladosti i studentskim danima, kao i o prvim danima liječničke prakse.
The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Thymus glabrescens Willd. (Lamiaceae) essential oil were examined, as well as the association between it and chloramphenicol. The antibacterial ...activities of geraniol and thymol, the main constituents of T. glabrescens oil, individually and in combination with chloramphenicol, were also determined. The interactions of the essential oil, geraniol, and thymol with chloramphenicol toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemometric methods. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compound class in the oil, with geraniol (22.33%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains, but the activities were lower than those of the standard antibiotic and thymol. A combination of T. glabrescens oil and chloramphenicol produced a strong synergistic interaction (FIC indices in the range 0.21–0.87) and a substantial reduction of the MIC value of chloramphenicol, thus minimizing its adverse side effects. The combinations geraniol-chloramphenicol and thymol-chloramphenicol produced synergistic interaction to a greater extent, compared with essential oil-chloramphenicol association, which may indicate that the activity of the thyme oil could be attributed to the presence of significant concentrations of geraniol and thymol.
The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Thymus glabrescens Willd. (thyme) essential oil were examined, as well as its association with tetracycline. The antibacterial activities of ...geraniol and thymol, the main constituents of T. glabrescens oil, were also determined. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to analyze the chemical composition of the oil. The antibacterial activities of the oil, geraniol, and thymol were investigated by the broth microdilution method. The interactions of the essential oil, geraniol, and thymol with tetracycline, toward five selected strains, were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compound class in the oil (57.14%), with geraniol (22.33%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. The combinations, essential oil-tetracycline and thymol-tetracycline, produced synergistic interaction to a greater extent compared with geraniol-tetracycline association. All synergistic combinations reduced the minimum effective dose of the antibiotic and, consequently, minimized its adverse side effects.
The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. (savory) essential oil were examined, as well as the association between it and standard antimicrobials: ...tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The antibacterial activities of geraniol, the main constituent of S. kitaibelii oil, individually and in combination with standard antimicrobials were also determined. The interactions of the essential oil and geraniol with antimicrobials toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemometric methods. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compound class in the oil (59.7%), with geraniol (50.4%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains, but the activities were lower than those of the standard antimicrobials. The combinations savory oil-chloramphenicol, savory oil-tetracycline and geraniol-chloramphenicol produced predominantly synergistic interactions (FIC indices in the range 0.21–0.87) and substantial reductions in the MIC values of antimicrobials against Gram-negative bacteria, the pharmacological treatment of which is very difficult nowadays. In the PCA and HCA analyses these combinations form a separate group.
The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Nepeta nuda (Lamiaceae) essential oil were examined, as well as the association between it and standard antibiotics: tetracycline and ...streptomycin. The antibacterial activities of 1,8-cineole, the main constituent of N. nuda oil, individually and in combination with standard antibiotics were also determined. The interactions of the essential oil and 1,8-cineole with antibiotics toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemoinformatics methods. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compound class in the oil (57.8%), with 1,8-cineole (46.0%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains, but the activities were lower than those of the standard antibiotics. The combinations N. nuda oil-antibiotic and 1,8-cineole-antibiotic produced a predominantly antagonistic interactions. Chemoinformatics survey confirms the antagonistic interactions as a consequence of membrane potential/proton motive force dissipation. These data indicate cytochrome c oxidase as a target for 1.8-cineole toxicity action mechanisms.
The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter essential oil were examined. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to analyze ...the chemical composition of the essential oil. The antibacterial activity was investigated by the broth microdilution method against thirteen bacterial strains. The interactions of the essential oil and three standard antibiotics: chloramphenicol, tetracycline and streptomycin toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemometric methods: principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compound class in the essential oil (40.6%), with bornyl acetate (21.7%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited slight antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains in vitro, but the combinations D. graveolens essential oil-chloramphenicol and D. graveo/ens-tetracycline exhibited mostly synergistic or additive interactions. These combinations reduced the minimum effective dose of the antibiotics and, consequently, minimized their adverse side effects. In contrast, the association of D. graveolens essential oil and streptomycin was characterized by strong antagonistic interactions against E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 29213 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. In the principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), streptomycin against these bacterial strains stood out and formed a separate group.
The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Nepeta nuda (Lamiaceae) essential oil were examined, as well as the association between it and standard antibiotics: tetracycline and ...streptomycin. The antibacterial activities of 1,8-cineole, the main constituent of N. nuda oil, individually and in combination with standard antibiotics were also determined. The interactions of the essential oil and 1,8-cineole with antibiotics toward five selected strains were evaluated using the microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with chemoinformatics methods. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compound class in the oil (57.8%), with 1,8-cineole (46.0%) as the major compound. The essential oil exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains, but the activities were lower than those of the standard antibiotics. The combinations N. nuda oil-antibiotic and 1,8-cineole-antibiotic produced a predominantly antagonistic interactions. Chemoinformatics survey confirms the antagonistic interactions as a consequence of membrane potential/proton motive force dissipation. These data indicate cytochrome c oxidase as a target for 1.8-cineole toxicity action mechanisms.
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