Introduction
. Carrying out studies on the supply of vitamin D in the Russian population is an important task in order to demonstrate the global nature of the problem of vitamin D deficiency.
...Objective of the study
. To conduct a study of the level of vitamin D at different age periods and to assess the relationship of the 25(OH)D supply with the seasons of the year.
Materials and methods
. The study included 10707 people, 78.8% (n = 2323) women and 21.2% (n = 2266) men, mean age 49.86 ± 21.925 years (Me 56.00).
Results
. Only 17.1% (n = 1833) of the examined had an adequate level of 25(OH)D, 31.4% (n = 3362) people had an insufficient level of 25 (OH) D, 43.7% (n = 4681) of the examined – a deficiency of 25(OH)D and among 7.8% (n = 831) a severe deficiency of 25(OH)D was revealed. An adequate level of 25(OH)D was found only in the group of children under 3 years of age (mean value 40.55 ng/ml). From 4 to 7 years of age, there is a pronounced 2-fold decrease in the concentration of 25(OH)D in all seasons of the year. A consistently low content of 25(OH)D is observed in the period 8-10 years – 20.91 ng / ml, and in the period 11-18 years – 18.30 ng/ml. The lowest average values of 25(OH)D were found at the age of 11-18 years (18.30 ng/ml) and from 19 to 22 years (19.15 ng/ml), as well as in senile (76 years and above) age (19.05 ng/ml). The lowest median concentration of 25(OH)D is recorded in spring (17.70 ng/ml) and winter (18.80 ng/ml), with a slight positive trend in summer (20.40 ng/ml) and autumn (22.00 ng/ml) season.
Conclusions
. The optimal level of 25(OH)D was found in every fifth (17.1%) subject, vitamin D deficiency (20.01–30.00 ng/ml) was observed in every third (3362 people out of 10707 examined, 31.4%), a moderate calcidiol deficiency is recorded among 4681 people (43.7%), a severe deficiency of 25 (OH) D among the surveyed is 7.8%.
The influence of natural organic substances and iron hydroxides on in vitro biofilm formation by groundwater microorganisms was assessed. The combination of these compounds stimulates the formation ...of large mucosal biofilms that absorb insoluble iron hydroxide particles. Organic substances are important regulators of biofilm formation. Therefore, the location of biofilms in pore space increases the risks of biocolmatage of this space.
Introduction
. The role and mechanism of the effect of vitamin D on the course of chronic lung diseases in children are not yet fully understood. In particular, there are not enough studies on the ...effect of vitamin D status on the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in children with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma.
Aim
. To analyse the changes in IFN-γ levels in children with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma according to the serum 25(OH)D level before and during cholecalciferol supplementation.
Materials and methods
. A total of 114 children (aged from 3 months to 18 years old) were examined, including 51 (44.7%) children with bronchial asthma, 34 (29.8%) children with cystic fibrosis, and 29 (25.5%) children of the control group. If hypovitaminosis D was diagnosed, the children received a three-month cholecalciferol course at doses in accordance with the recommendations of the national consensus - Cystic Fibrosis: Definition, Diagnostic Criteria, Therapy and the national program - Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents of the Russian Federation: Current Approaches to Management. The 25(OH)D and IFN-γ levels were twice determined in all children.
Results
. Median 25(OH)D levels in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma did not reach the level of healthy children either before or after supplementation with cholecalciferol drugs at the recommended doses. Vitamin D intake resulted in a decrease in IFN-γ levels in healthy children from 3.07 2.29; 4.81 pg/ml to 2.18 1.74; 3.45 pg/ml (p < 0.05), whereas such changes were not detected in the paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma in the general population. However, after supplementation with cholecalciferol, the IFN-γ level was significantly higher in patients with cystic fibrosis and bronchial asthma - 2.86 2.13; 3.86 pg/ml and 3.11 0.89; 5.0 pg/ml, respectively, than in healthy children - 2.18 1.74; 3.45 pg/ml (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease in IFN-γ level was observed in girls with cystic fibrosis and in healthy girls after supplementation with cholecalciferol, whereas no significant changes in IFN-γ levels were detected in the groups of boys.
Conclusion
. Modulation of IFN-γ levels appears to be one of the mechanisms of immunotropic effect of vitamin D on the course of chronic inflammation of infectious (cystic fibrosis) and allergic (bronchial asthma) etiology in children.
Endothelins, vasopressin, some cytokines, excess sodium or calcium in serum, activation of the sympathoadrenal system, and tachycardia are the stimulants of brain natriuretic peptide production. The ...rise of the natriuretic peptide level in cases of acute brain damage has a functionally adaptive nature, based on vasodilation, diuretic action peptide and ability to reduce sympathoadrenal system activity. ...we can suppose that the more severe the damage, the higher the stimulation of natriuretic peptide.
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