The role of the serine/glycine metabolic pathway (SGP) has recently been demonstrated in tumors; however, the pathological relevance of the SGP in thyroid cancer remains unexplored. Here, we perform ...metabolomic profiling of 17 tumor-normal pairs; bulk transcriptomics of 263 normal thyroid, 348 papillary, and 21 undifferentiated thyroid cancer samples; and single-cell transcriptomes from 15 cases, showing the impact of mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism in thyroid tumors. High expression of serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) is associated with low thyroid differentiation scores and poor clinical features. A subpopulation of tumor cells with high mitochondrial one-carbon pathway activity is observed in the single-cell dataset. SHMT2 inhibition significantly compromises mitochondrial respiration and decreases cell proliferation and tumor size in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of the mitochondrial one-carbon pathway in undifferentiated thyroid cancer and suggest that SHMT2 is a potent therapeutic target.
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•High pressure (greater than 3 MPa) on the electrode causes deterioration.•An anode failure mode caused by high pressure was established.•Severe pressure blocks electrolyte ion ...conduction in the electrode.•High polarization due to pressure causes Li metal deposition.
Pressure on electrodes in cells is crucial for improving their active material density and electronic conductivity. A single-layer pouch cell (60 mAh) was fabricated to study the electrochemical effects of external pressures ranging from 0 to 3 MPa. The high-pressure cell at 3 MPa presented poor capacity retention owing to Li plating and pore-clogging on the graphite electrode. However, the optimized pressed cell did not hinder Li-ion transport in the graphite anode and underwent 200 cycles with 82 % capacity retention. External pressure impacts the contact between the electrodes and electrolyte; however, excessive pressure makes it difficult to supplement Li ions from the electrolyte into the graphite anode, resulting in increased polarization, electrolyte side reactions, and Li-metal deposition.
We evaluated the pre- and postoperative sleep quality of patients with newly diagnosed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who underwent thyroid surgery, and investigated the factors associated with ...persistent poor sleep quality. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale, and Stanford sleepiness scale were used to estimate sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. Face-to-face surveys were conducted preoperatively, and 1, 4, and 10 months after thyroid surgery. The PSQI was administered during a telephone interview about after 5 years after surgery. Forty-six patients (mean age 47.3 ± 10.1 years) with PTC (11 males, 35 females) were included in this study. Twenty-one participants underwent lobectomy and 25 underwent total thyroidectomy. Preoperatively, 35 (76.1%) patients showed poor sleep quality. PSQI scores at postoperative 1, 4, and 10 months were significantly lower than preoperative scores (p < 0.001). Postoperative 5-year PSQI scores decreased significantly compared to the preoperative scores (p < 0.001). Patients newly diagnosed with PTC suffered from sleep disturbance before and after surgery for at least 10 months, recovering to a comparable rate of sleep disturbance with the general population by 5 years after surgery. Higher preoperative PSQI score was at risk for prolonged poor sleep quality in patients with PTC.
The purpose of this study was to compare the implant survival, peri-implant marginal bone level, and peri-implant soft tissue of three different types of implants. This was performed with an early ...loading protocol, using a complete digital workflow, for one year of follow-up. Twenty-four patients with a single missing tooth in the mandibular posterior region were randomly assigned to the control group (SLActive Bone level implant; Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland), experiment group 1 (CMI IS-III Active implant; Neobiotech Co., Seoul, Korea), and experiment group 2 (CMI IS-III HActive implant; Neobiotech Co., Seoul, Korea). For each patient, a single implant was installed using the surgical template, and all prostheses were fabricated using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system on a 3-dimensional model. A provisional prosthesis was implanted at 4 weeks, and a definitive monolithic zirconia prosthesis was substituted 12 weeks following the implant placement. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) and peri-implant soft tissue parameters were measured, and periapical radiographs were taken at 1, 3, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks after implant placements. Seven implants in the control group, nine implants in the experiment 1 group, and eight implants in the experiment 2 group were analyzed. There were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of insertion torque, ISQ values between surgery and 8 weeks of follow-up, marginal bone loss at 48 weeks of follow-up, and peri-implant soft tissue parameters (P > 0.05). Statistically significant differences in ISQ values were observed between the control and experiment 1 groups, and the control and experiment 2 groups at the 12 to 48 weeks’ follow-ups. Within the limits of this prospective study, an early loading protocol can be applied as a predictable treatment modality in posterior mandibular single missing restorations, achieving proper primary stability.
Chronic occupational lower limb injuries such as osteoarthritis require an understanding of mechanical loading conditions in joints during occupational activities. We aimed to develop a human ...musculoskeletal model and to estimate knee contact force and ground reaction force (GRF) simultaneously during walking and squatting. GRF and joint kinematics were obtained from a subject with electronic total knee replacement during walking and squatting. Force reaction elements were embedded in the knee and foot of a full-body musculoskeletal model. The joint kinematics and ground vertical force were applied to the musculoskeletal model to estimate ground shear force and knee contact force using an inverse dynamics-based optimization. Ground shear force and knee contact force could be estimated simultaneously with root mean square (RMS) error less than 1.6% body weight (BW) and 35% BW, respectively. Simultaneous estimations could be accurately conducted but the RMS error for the knee contact force increased by approximately 10% BW.
•Solvent-free electrode manufacturing process using polytetrafluoroethylene binder.•Dry-processed graphite anodes with high loading of active material.•Low tortuosity of dry-processed anode to enable ...better C-rate capability.•Excellent capacity retention during cycle life.•Preventing the lithium metal deposition during high C-rate charging.
The electric vehicle (EV) market now requires advanced graphite anodes that can enable both high loading and quick charging. However, meeting these requirements simultaneously is challenging because of uneven electrochemical reactions and Li-plating on the surface of graphite anodes during fast-charging. In this study, high current density graphite anodes (≈6 mA cm−2) were fabricated through a solvent-free dry-electrode process using homogeneously dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene fibrils (2.0 wt% in electrode). This approach significantly improved the mechanical properties and electrochemical performance of graphite anodes during charge/discharge cycles. Dry-processed graphite anodes outperformed conventional wet-processed electrodes in terms of rate performance and capacity retention. Furthermore, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM)/graphite coin-type full cells are rapidly charged at a 3C-rate to induce Li-plating on the graphite surface. Thus, dry-processed graphite anodes exhibited less Li-plating than wet-processed anodes, implying that dry-processed electrodes are capable of fast-charging even under high-loading conditions. In addition, dry-processed graphite anodes retain 88.2 % capacity retention after 300 cycles, indicating a stable full-cell operation. Consequently, this research highlights the dry-electrode process as an innovative technique for electrode manufacturing, with the potential to reduce battery production costs while improving electrochemical performance during fast-charging.
Aim
We investigated the effects of metformin on cognitive function in a prospective cohort of older adults.
Methods
Participants aged ≥60 years were selected, and their Korean version of the ...Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Diseases Assessment, including the Mini‐Mental State Examination, and activities of daily living were evaluated prospectively. Rapid deterioration of cognitive function was defined as annual change of test scores in the lowest quartile.
Results
A total of 732 participants (mean age 76.7 ± 6.6 years) were followed up for 2.9 years (interquartile range 1.0–5.7 years). A linear mixed model showed that diabetes was associated with significant deterioration of Verbal Delayed Free Recall and Recognition scores (P = 0.007 and 0.022, respectively). Among diabetes patients, metformin treatment was not associated with changes of any Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Diseases Assessment component or activities of daily living index. However, rapid deterioration of Mini‐Mental State Examination and Verbal Immediate Recall scores was more frequently found in the metformin‐taking group, even after adjustment for age, sex, education level, baseline cognitive function, baseline glycated hemoglobin levels, renal and liver function, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, antidiabetic agents other than metformin, and baseline brain imaging abnormality (odds ratio 4.47, 95% confidence interval 1.24–16.05 and odds ratio 7.37, 95% confidence interval 1.19–45.56).
Conclusions
Metformin treatment was not associated with changes of any of Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Diseases Assessment component scores or activities of daily living index. However, rapid deterioration of Mini‐Mental State Examination and Verbal Immediate Recall scores was more frequently found in the metformin‐treated group. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 755–761.
Multiyolk–shell (mYS) nanostructures have garnered significant interest in various photocatalysis applications such as water splitting and waste treatment. Nonetheless, the complexity and rigorous ...conditions for the synthesis have hindered their widespread implementation. This study presents a one‐step electrochemical strategy for synthesizing multiyolk–shell nanocoils (mYSNC), wherein multiple cores of noble metal nanoparticles, such as Au, are embedded within the hollow coil‐shaped FePO4 shell structures, mitigating the challenges posed by conventional methods. By capitalizing on the dissimilar dissolution rates of bimetallic alloy nanocoils in an electrochemically programmed solution, nanocoils of different shapes and materials, including two variations of mYSNCs are successfully fabricated. The resulting Au‐FePO4 mYSNCs exhibit exceptional photocatalytic performance for environmental remediation, demonstrating up to 99% degradation of methylene blue molecules within 50 min and 95% degradation of tetracycline within 100 min under ultraviolet–visible (UV‐vis) light source. This remarkable performance can be attributed to the abundant electrochemical active sites, internal voids facilitating efficient light harvesting with coil morphology, amplified localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at the plasmonic nanoparticle‐semiconductor interface, and effective band engineering. The innovative approach utilizing bimetallic alloys demonstrates precise geometric control and design of intricate multicomponent hybrid composites, showcasing the potential for developing versatile hollow nanomaterials for catalytic applications.
This study endeavors to devise a synthesis strategy for multiyolk–shell nanocoils (mYSNC) by capitalizing on the disparate behaviors exhibited by bimetallic alloys within electrochemically programmed mild solutions. The resulting Au‐FePO4 mYSNC demonstrates broad‐spectrum light absorption capabilities and exhibits enhanced photocatalytic efficiency.
The purpose of this study was to compare the histologic and radiologic differences between single- and double-layer collagen membrane techniques in flapless ridge preservation. The mandibular fourth ...premolar and first molar of four beagle dogs were used in the experiment. Mesial roots of the teeth were extracted and root canal treatment was performed at the distal roots. Ridge preservation was performed at the extraction sites using synthetic bone graft material. A single layer (control group) or double layer (test group) of non-crosslinked collagen membrane was applied following bone graft application. Three months later, the animals were sacrificed and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometric analyses were conducted. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was performed to compare between the control and test groups. The vertical difference between buccal and lingual crests of control and test groups was 1.28 ± 0.41 and 0.53 ± 0.37 mm, respectively (
= 0.026). The mineralized bone area in control and test groups was 31.48% ± 7.41% and 42.25% ± 9.73%, respectively (
= 0.041). Within the limit of this study, ridge preservation using the double-layer membrane technique showed a reduced buccal bone resorption and improved new-bone formation in the ridge compared to that using the single-layer membrane technique.
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