Background and purpose
Clinical diagnostic criteria for neurodegenerative diseases have been framed based on clinical phenomenology. However, systematic knowledge about the first reported clinical ...symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases is lacking. Therefore, the aim was to determine the prevalence and clinical implications of the first clinical symptom (FS) as assessed by medical history in neuropathologically proven neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods
Neuropathological diagnoses from the Neurobiobank Munich, Germany, were matched with clinical records for analyses of the diagnostic and prognostic values of FSs.
Results
In all, 301 patients with the neuropathological diagnoses Alzheimer disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Lewy body disease (LBD) including the neuropathologically indistinguishable clinical phenotypes Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy (MSA) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) were studied. Memory disturbance was the most common FS in AD (34%), FTLD (19%) and LBD (26%), gait disturbance in PSP (35%) and MSA (27%) and aphasia and personality changes in CBD (20%, respectively). In a model adjusting for prevalence in the general population, AD was predicted by memory disturbance in 79.0%, aphasia in 97.2%, personality changes in 96.0% and by cognitive disturbance in 99.0%. Gait disturbance and tremor predicted LBD in 54.6% and 97.3%, coordination disturbance MSA in 59.4% and dysarthria FTLD in 73.0%. Cognitive FSs were associated with longer survival in AD (12.0 vs. 5.3 years; p < 0.001) and FTLD (8.2 vs. 4.1 years; p = 0.005) and motor FSs with shorter survival in PSP (7.2 vs. 9.7; p = 0.048).
Conclusions
Assessing FSs in neurodegenerative diseases may be beneficial for accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis and thereby may improve clinical care and precision of study recruitment.
In this work, the distribution of first clinical symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases is provided together with a prevalence adjusted model that depicts the probabilities for each neurodegenerative diagnosis if a distinct first symptom occurs in a patient. For clinicians that hover between two neurodegenerative diagnoses, a scheme is given that may facilitate diagnosis using the first clinical symptom. Further, the prognostic value of the first clinical symptom regarding survival in neurodegenerative diseases is analyzed.
The 1,2,3-triazole derivative 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid with potential anticancer activity was used as a ligand in complex formation with the ...lanthanum(III) ion. The molecular structure and vibrational spectra of the complex were optimized at three DFT levels, and the scaled IR and Raman spectra were compared to the experimental ones. Several scaling procedures were used. Through a detailed analysis, the structure predicted for the newly synthetized La(III) complex was confirmed by the good accordance of the calculated/experimental IR and Raman spectra. The best DFT method appeared to be M06-2X with the Lanl2mb basis set, followed closely by Lanl2dz. The effect of the lanthanide atom on the molecular structure and atomic charge distribution of the triazole ring was evaluated. The potential free radical scavenging activity of both the ligand and the complex was investigated in several radical-generating model systems. The potential mechanisms of antioxidant action (hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and single-electron transfer (SET)) were elucidated.
Lanthanides are group of rare-earth elements with growing applications both in the industry and healthcare. Their unique properties impose various possibilities for involvement in electron transfer ...reactions essential for the cellular survival and health on general. The intensified contact of people with lanthanides and the expanding medicinal applications of their compounds insist more profound knowledge on the involvement in biologically relevant electron transfer reactions. It is well known that the balance between formation and elimination of free radicals in a living body is essential for its health and survival. Any internal or environmental factor that alters this balance alters the homeostasis and this way altering the health status. In the present review, the possibilities of changing the balance between formation and elimination of free radicals, due to introduction of different lanthanides and their complexes with organic ligands, were explored, based on the available information in the literature. It was observed that lanthanides may act either as antioxidants or pro-oxidants, depending on the environment, the nature of the bonding in their compounds, and concentration in the tissues. The opportunities for their application in medicine were related with the abilities to control over their involvement in the overall oxidative status of the body.
Background and purpose
Knowledge about the seizure prevalence in the whole symptomatic course, from disease onset to death, in neurodegenerative diseases (ND) is lacking. Therefore, the aim was to ...investigate seizure prevalence and associated clinical implications in neuropathologically diagnosed ND.
Methods
Clinical records of cases from the Neurobiobank Munich, Germany, were analyzed. Neuropathological diagnoses of the assessed cases included Alzheimer disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Lewy body disease (LBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Seizure prevalence during the whole symptomatic disease phase was assessed and compared amongst ND. Associations between first clinical symptom and seizure prevalence and between seizures and disease duration were examined.
Results
In all, 454 patients with neuropathologically diagnosed ND and with available and meaningful clinical records were investigated (AD, n = 144; LBD, n = 103; PSP, n = 93; FTLD, n = 53; MSA, n = 36; CBD, n = 25). Seizure prevalence was 31.3% for AD, 20.0% for CBD, 12.6% for LBD, 11.3% for FTLD, 8.3% for MSA and 7.5% for PSP. Seizure prevalence was significantly higher in AD compared to FTLD (p = 0.005), LBD (p = 0.001), MSA (p = 0.005) and PSP (p < 0.001). No other significant differences regarding seizure prevalence were found between the studied ND. Cognitive first symptoms in ND were associated with an increased seizure prevalence (21.1% vs. 11.0% in patients without cognitive first symptoms) and motor first symptoms with a decreased seizure prevalence (10.3% vs. 20.5% in patients without motor first symptoms). Seizures were associated with a longer disease duration in MSA (12.3 vs. 7.0 years in patients without seizures; p = 0.017).
Conclusions
Seizures are a clinically relevant comorbidity in ND, particularly in AD. Knowledge of the first clinical symptom in ND may allow for estimation of seizure risk.
The current clinical neuropathological correlation study reveals high seizure prevalences in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Alzheimer disease. Additionally, this work shows associations between cognitive first symptoms and an increased seizure risk and between motor first symptoms and a decreased seizure risk in neurodegenerative diseases.
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. The elements of group XIV in the periodic table exhibit a wide range of ...chemical manners. Recently, there have been remarkable developments in the field of nanobiomedical research, especially in the application of engineered nanomaterials in biomedical applications. In this review, we concentrate on the recent investigations on the antiproliferative effects of nanomaterials of the elements of group XIV in the periodic table on breast cancer cells. In this review, the data available on nanomaterials of group XIV for breast cancer treatment has been documented, providing a useful insight into tumor biology and nano-bio interactions to develop more effective nanotherapeutics for cancer patients.
Low-rank, high-mineral matter Bulgarian coals were studied using a variety of chemical, optical, and electron beam methods. The larger fly ash carbon phases include charred carbons in contrast to ...coked carbons present in the fly ashes of bituminous-coal-derived fly ashes. Nanoscale carbons include multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) encapsulating Hg, Se, and As, among other elements. In addition to the glass which dominates the fly ash, relatively coarse ‘rock fragments’, consisting of an unmelted to partially melted core surrounded by a glassy rim, are present in the fly ash. Nano-scale minerals can contain hazardous elements and, along with metal-bearing multiwalled nanotubes, can be a path for the entry of hazardous particles into the lungs and other organs.
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► We model Bulgarian power plants which have regulated minerals nanoparticles can contain hazardous elements. ► We study changes in the level of information about nanominerals importance and the effect on human health exposure. ► Increasing information will increase quality if power plants procedures are similar.
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•Non-biodegradable heavy metals accumulate in environment, contaminate food chain & cause toxicity in humans.•The present review is focused on possible sources and routes of the toxic ...heavy metals and their symptoms of poisoning.•An overview on microbial strategies for bioremediation of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Al, Se, Te, Li, Tl, Cr, Co, Mn is provided.•It also highlights the challenges and future research areas in microbial bioremediation.
Toxic heavy metals are currently significant environmental pollutants as their growing ecotoxicity becomes a serious public health concern. Their multiple application in several fields such as the mining industry, agriculture, medicine, technology and many others, leads to a widespread distribution into the environmental systems. Since toxic metals are not biodegradable, their accumulation in soil, water and air contaminates the food chain, which poses a danger to human health. Because of extensive damage caused by metal intoxication on various organs of the human body, the search for therapeutic methods is very important. Removal of heavy metals from the body is usually carried out by the most common and conventional chelation therapy methods. However, for removal from environment the use of chemical methods is often expensive and can lead to the production of secondary pollutants. There is a remarkable attentiveness with respect to recent progress in heavy metals remediation over the past few decades with special emphasis on bioremediation utilized in various environmental areas. The present review is focused to throw light on the possible sources and related intake routes of the harmful metals, the symptoms of poisoning, their impact on the environment and health and the molecular mechanisms, which threaten human health effects. It also aims to provide an overview of the available studies on microbial bioremediation of heavy metals from the environment, including the mechanisms involved in metal removal and some future directions in microbial biodegradation technology.
Credentials of molecular diagnostic approaches are an important goal. Since protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis is an apposite method for molecular valuation, a PPI grid related to ...Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) of RA was targeted in the present research.
The aim of the study is to analyse the role of highly disordered proteins and their functional parameters in causing Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).
Cytoscape software helped in identifying molecular interaction networks. Intrinsically disordered proteins lack higher order structure and have functional advantages, but their dysregulation can cause several diseases. All the significant proteins responsible for RA were identified. On the basis of the data obtained, highly disordered proteins were selected. Further, MSA was done to find the similarity among the highly disordered proteins and their functional partners. To determine the most relevant functional partner( s)/interacting protein(s) out of large network, three filters were introduced in the methodology.
The two filtered proteins, IBSP and FGF2, have common functions and also play a vital role in the pathways of RA. Thus, gives an in-depth knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis and targeted therapeutics.
The network analysis of these proteins has been explored using Cytoscape, and the proteins with favourable values of graph centrality parameters such as IBSP and FGF2 are identified. Interesting functional cross talk such as bio mineralization, boneremodelling, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, etc., of SPP1 with IBSP and FGF2 is found, which throws light into the fact that these two proteins play a vital role in the pathways of RA.
Natural therapeutic microorganisms provide a potent alternative healthcare treatment nowadays, with the potential to prevent several human diseases. These health-boosting living organisms, probiotics ...mostly belong to Gram-positive bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Saccharomyces, Bacillus and Enterococcus. Initiated almost a century ago, the probiotic application has come a long way. The present review is focused on the potential therapeutic role of probiotics in ameliorating multiple infections, such as upper respiratory tract infections and viral respiratory infections, including COVID-19; liver diseases and hepatic encephalopathy; neurological and psychiatric disorders; autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. Apart from these, the therapeutic exacerbations of probiotics in urinary tract infections have been extremely promising, and several approaches are reviewed and presented here. We also present upcoming and new thrust areas where probiotic therapeutic interventions are showing promising results, like faecal microbial transplant and vaginal microbial transplant.
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