Gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy volunteers was analyzed by the method of high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of bacterial genomes. In patients with Parkinson’s ...diseases, changes in the content of 9 genera and 15 species of microorganisms were revealed: reduced content of
Dorea
,
Bacteroides
,
Prevotella
,
Faecalibacterium
,
Bacteroides massiliensis
,
Stoquefichus massiliensis
,
Bacteroides coprocola
,
Blautia glucerasea
,
Dorea longicatena
,
Bacteroides dorei
,
Bacteroides plebeus
,
Prevotella copri
,
Coprococcus eutactus
, and
Ruminococcus callidus
, and increased content of
Christensenella
,
Catabacter
,
Lactobacillus
,
Oscillospira
,
Bifidobacterium
,
Christensenella minuta
,
Catabacter hongkongensis
,
Lactobacillus mucosae
,
Ruminococcus bromii
, and
Papillibacter cinnamivorans
. This microbiological pattern of gut microflora can trigger local inflammation followed by aggregation of α-synuclein and generation of Lewy bodies.
The first metagenomic study of gut microbiota in patients with the alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) has been performed in the whole-genome sequencing (“shotgun”) format. Taxonomic analysis revealed ...changes in the relative abundance of the predominant bacteria associated with inflammatioln (including increased levels of
Ruminococcus gnavus
and
R. torques
, and decreased levels of
Faecalibacterium
and
Akkermansia
genera). The microbiota of ADS patients was characterized by the presence of opportunistic pathogens rarely detected in metagenomes of healthy individuals from different countries. Comparative analysis of total metabolic potential revealed increased relative abundance of KEGG pathways associated with the response to oxidative stress. ADS patients also had increased levels of two specific groups of genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of alcohol, as well as virulence factors. It is possible that gut microbiota of ADS patients demonstrating changes in both taxonomic and functional composition plays a role in modulating the effects of alcohol on the host body
Here we present the first metagenomic study of gut microbiota in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) performed in the whole-genome ("shotgun") format. Taxonomic analysis highlighted ...changes in community "drivers" abundance previously associated with inflammatory processes (including increase in Ruminococcus gnavus and torques, as well as decrease in Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia). Microbiota of alcoholics manifested presence of specific opportunistic pathogens rarely detected in healthy control subjects of the world. Differential analysis of metabolic potential basing on changes in KEGG Orthology groups abundance revealed increase in pathways associated with response to oxidative stress. Analysis of two specific gene groups--alcohol metabolism and virulence factors--also showed increase in comparison with the control groups. We suggest that gut microbiota distinct in alcoholics by both taxonomic and functional composition plays role in modulating the effect of alcohol on host organism.
Alcohol abuse has deleterious effects on human health by disrupting the functions of many organs and systems. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver diseases, ...with its composition manifesting expressed dysbiosis in patients suffering from alcoholic dependence. Due to its inherent plasticity, gut microbiota is an important target for prevention and treatment of these diseases. Identification of the impact of alcohol abuse with associated psychiatric symptoms on the gut community structure is confounded by the liver dysfunction. In order to differentiate the effects of these two factors, we conducted a comparative "shotgun" metagenomic survey of 99 patients with the alcohol dependence syndrome represented by two cohorts-with and without liver cirrhosis. The taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbiota was subjected to a multifactor analysis including comparison with the external control group.
Alcoholic dependence and liver cirrhosis were associated with profound shifts in gut community structures and metabolic potential across the patients. The specific effects on species-level community composition were remarkably different between cohorts with and without liver cirrhosis. In both cases, the commensal microbiota was found to be depleted. Alcoholic dependence was inversely associated with the levels of butyrate-producing species from the Clostridiales order, while the cirrhosis-with multiple members of the Bacteroidales order. The opportunist pathogens linked to alcoholic dependence included pro-inflammatory Enterobacteriaceae, while the hallmarks of cirrhosis included an increase of oral microbes in the gut and more frequent occurrence of abnormal community structures. Interestingly, each of the two factors was associated with the expressed enrichment in many Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus-but the exact set of the species was different between alcoholic dependence and liver cirrhosis. At the level of functional potential, the patients showed different patterns of increase in functions related to alcohol metabolism and virulence factors, as well as pathways related to inflammation.
Multiple shifts in the community structure and metabolic potential suggest strong negative influence of alcohol dependence and associated liver dysfunction on gut microbiota. The identified differences in patterns of impact between these two factors are important for planning of personalized treatment and prevention of these pathologies via microbiota modulation. Particularly, the expansion of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus suggests that probiotic interventions for patients with alcohol-related disorders using representatives of the same taxa should be considered with caution. Taxonomic and functional analysis shows an increased propensity of the gut microbiota to synthesis of the toxic acetaldehyde, suggesting higher risk of colorectal cancer and other pathologies in alcoholics.
BACKGROUND: Urine protein loss is common in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate new biomarkers of glomerular and tubulointerstitial (TI) damage compared with ...histology and as survival indicators in dogs with naturally occurring, proteinuric CKD. ANIMALS: One hunderd and eighty dogs with naturally occurring kidney disease. METHODS: Retrospective study using urine, serum, and renal biopsies from dogs with kidney disease, 91% of which had proteinuric CKD. Biomarkers were evaluated and correlated with pathologic renal damage, and significant associations, sensitivities, and specificities of biomarkers for renal disease type were determined. RESULTS: Fractional excretions of immunogloblin M (IgM_FE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG_FE) correlated most strongly with glomerular damage based on light microscopy (r = 0.58 and 0.56, respectively; P < .01). Serum creatinine (SCr) correlated most strongly with TI damage (r = 0.70, P < .01). Urine IgM/creatinine and urine NAG/creatinine had the highest sensitivity (75%) and specificity (78%) for detection of immune complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis. Although individually most biomarkers were significantly associated with decreased survival time (P < .05), in a multivariate analysis, SCr, IgM_FE, and glomerular damage based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were the only biomarkers significantly associated with survival time (SCr: P = .001; IgM_FE: P = .008; TEM: P = .017). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Novel urine biomarkers and FEs are useful for detection of glomerular and TI damage in dogs with proteinuric CKD and might predict specific disease types and survival.
It is shown that the addition of calix6pyrrole to polyether based electrolytes doped with LiBF4 results in an considerable increase in the cation transport number tLi+ as confirmed by dc-ac current ...techniques as well as by PFG NMR studies. The value of tLi+ in composite electrolytes beyond a certain minimum value weakly depends on the concentration of added calix6pyrrole. The increase in lithium transference number is associated with a decrease in ionic conductivity of composite polymeric electrolytes compared to the pure PEO-LiBF4 systems.
For films of poly(alkane etherimide) composites containing rubrene microcrystals, the effect of Cu–Ni magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with a reduced Curie temperature
T
C
(40–60°C) on luminescence and ...photoconductivity, as well as on the magnetic spin effect, has been observed and studied. It has been shown that this effect depends on the excitation intensity and weak heating (up to
T
<
T
C
°C). The assumption has been made that the excited states of the microcrystals (or charge carriers) interact with the MNP surface, leading to a change in their magnetic characteristics.
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