Hernijacija intervertebralnog diska jedna je od češćih bolesti međukralježničnog diska. Etiološki gledano, mnogi su uzroci ovoga stanja: degeneracije diska, traume, infekcije ili anatomske/razvojne ...anomalije. U dijagnostici hernijacije moguće je služiti se raznim metodama slikovne dijagnostike; najčešće nativnom rendgenografijom, mijelografijom, kompjuteriziranom tomografijom ili magnetnom rezonancijom. Prema dostupnim istraživanjima, najpouzdanija metoda pokazala se magnetna rezonancija koja omogućuje sigurnu dijagnostiku i lokalizaciju u 100 % slučajeva dok su za ostale metode postotci uspješnosti detekcije niži. Treba napomenuti da je korištenje određene metode slikovne dijagnostike u lokalizaciji i lateralizaciji mjesta hernijacije intervertebralnog diska u svakodnevnoj praksi najčešće ovisno o financijskim mogućnostima vlasnika, dostupnosti određene metode i hitnosti stanja. Shodno tome, rezultati pretraga variraju, kao i točnost lokalizacije hernijacije. Cilj je ovoga preglednog rada prikazati specifičnosti hernijacije intervertebralnog diska te mogućnosti dijagnostike slikovnim metodama raspoloživima u svakodnevnoj veterinarskoj praksi.
Akutni idiopatski poliradikuloneuritis (AIP) je stečena periferna neuropatija koja primarno zahvaća ventralne korijene spinalnih
živaca i periferne živce. Bolest je vrlo slična Guillain-Barré ...sindromu u ljudi, a nema dobne, pasminske ni spolne predispozicije te ne postoji specifična terapija. Oporavak traje 2 - 6 mjeseci. Fizikalna terapija i njega pacijenata preporučuju se kao potporna terapija. Dva psa, križane pasmine u dobi od šest i deset godina zaprimljeni su sa znacima akutne flakcidne tetrapareze/tetraplegije, u bočnom položaju bez mogućnosti da samostalno zauzmu sternalni položaj posljedično
generaliziranoj zahvaćenosti nižih motoričkih neurona. Na svim ekstremitetima mišićni tonus je bio veoma slab. Dijagnoza AIP-a je
bazirana na anamnezi, kliničkoj manifestaciji, neurološkom pregledu, slikovnoj dijagnostici i laboratorijskim testovima. Rehabilitacijski
program je uključivao masažu ekstremiteta i pasivne kretnje zglobova kao važan dio kućnog programa, elektroterapiju, idroterapiju i proprioceptivne vježbe. Nakon dva tjedna fizikalne terapije psi su se mogli samostalno podignuti u sternalni položaj, a na stražnjim nogama pokazivali su i voljne pokrete. Potpomognuto stajanje i voljni pokreti svih ekstemiteta bili su prisutni na kraju trećeg tjedna u jednog psa i krajem petog tjedna u drugog psa. Nakon toga u proces rehabilitacije uključena je hidroterapija. Jedan pas je mogao samostalno hodati dvadeset petog dana od početka fizikalne terapije, dok je drugom psu bilo potrebno pedeset dana. Fizikalna terapija u kombinaciji s adekvatnim kućnim rehabilitacijskim programom može rezultirati skraćenim razdobljem oporavka za pacijente s AIP-om.
Osteoartritis je ortopedska bolest koja uzrokuje probleme u kretanju u mnogih pacijenata, često starije dobi. Bolnost i oteknuće zglobova posljedica su propadanja zglobne hrskavice što smanjuje ...kvalitetu života naših pacijenata. Životinje otežano ustaju, šepaju, pokazuju znakove bola i vidljiva je smanjena pokretljivost zglobova. Iako ovo stanje nije izlječivo, moguće je smanjiti simptome i bolnost te usporiti napredovanje bolesti lijekovima i fizikalnom terapijom.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer type in both males and females, with about 35% of patients being diagnosed in stage IV metastatic disease. Despite advancements in treatment, ...life expectancy in patients with metastatic disease is still not satisfying. Due to frequent drug resistance during conventional and targeted cancer treatments, the development and testing of multi-target therapies is an important research field. Medicinal mushrooms specific isolated compounds as well as complex extract mixtures have been studied in depth, and many mushroom species have been proven to be non-toxic multi-target inhibitors of specific oncogenic pathways, as well as potent immunomodulators. In this study, we have performed a tandem mass tags qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses of CT26.WT colon cancer tumor tissues from Balb/c mice treated with the studied medicinal mushroom extract mixture, with or without 5-fluorouracil. Besides significantly improved survival, obtained results reveal that Agarikon.1 alone, and in combination with 5-fluorouracil exert their anticancer effects by affecting several fundamental processes important in CRC progression. Bioinformatic analysis of up- and downregulated proteins revealed that ribosomal biogenesis and translation is downregulated in treatment groups, while the unfolded protein response (UPR), lipid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) are upregulated. Moreover, we found that many known clinical biomarkers and protein clusters important in CRC progression and prognosis are affected, which are a good basis for an expanded translational study of the herein presented treatment.
Drug-induced vasculitis occurs after drug exposure and consequent inflammation of small blood vessels which can lead to damage of affected tissue. Rare cases of drug-induced vasculitis during ...chemotherapy or concomitant chemoradiotherapy have been described in the literature. Our patient was diagnosed with stage IIIA (cT4N1M0) small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Four weeks after the application of the second cycle carboplatin and etoposide (CE) chemotherapy, the patient developed cutaneous vasculitis and rash on the lower extremities. CE chemotherapy was discontinued and symptomatic therapy with methylprednisolone was administered. On prescribed corticosteroid therapy, there was an improvement in local finding. After completion of chemoradiotherapy, the patient continued treatment with four cycles of consolidation chemotherapy with cisplatin (six cycles of chemotherapy in total). Clinical examination verified further regression of the cutaneous vasculitis. Elective radiotherapy of the brain was performed after completion of consolidation chemotherapy treatment. The patient was clinically monitored until disease relapse. Subsequent lines of chemotherapy for platinum-resistant disease were administered. The patient died seventeen months after diagnosis of SCLC. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of a patient who developed vasculitis of lower extremities during concomitant administration of radiotherapy and CE chemotherapy as a part of the primary treatment for SCLC.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from inpatients at the Split ...University Hospital (southern Croatia) during a survey performed between 2005 and 2008. A total of 2152 consecutive isolates of P. mirabilis were isolated. The prevalence was 0.5 % in 2005 and increased significantly to 20.9 % by 2008. Strains were most frequently isolated from urine (36.5 %) and bronchial aspirates and wound swabs (11.3 %). ESBL-producing P. mirabilis isolates showed very high resistance rates to the majority of non-β-lactam antibiotics and were susceptible to a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor and carbapenems. The isolates were genotyped and their ESBLs were molecularly characterized. Strains originating from the intensive care unit and the surgery and neurosurgery wards were clonally related. All P. mirabilis isolates produced the TEM-52 type of ESBL. To the best of our knowledge, our work detailed here and summarized in an earlier communication is the first report of such isolates from southern Croatia. Increased monitoring and screening for ESBL production in this species at our hospital is mandatory.
Inflammation is an underlying mechanism behind fibrotic processes and differentiation of cells into myofibroblasts. Presented study therefore provides new data on activation of autoimmune and ...inflammatory immune response genes that accompany activation of p38 and cell differentiation in primary cells derived from Dupuytren's disease (DD) patients.
Primary non-Dupuytren's disease cells (ND) were isolated from macroscopically unaffected palmar fascia adjacent to diseased tissue obtained from patients diagnosed with the last stage of DD and cultured in vitro. Gene expression, collagen gel contraction assay and analysis of secreted proteins were performed in ND cells treated with TGF-β1 and/or inhibitor of p38 phosphorylation.
During differentiation of ND fibroblasts, increased expression of immune response genes PAI-1, TIMP-1, CCL11, and IL-6 was found. These changes were accompanied by increased cell contractility and activation of p38 and its target kinase MK2. Inhibition of p38 phosphorylation reversed these processes in vitro.
TGF-β1 induced p38 phosphorylation in ND cells grown from macroscopically unaffected palmar fascia adjacent to diseased tissue from DD patients. This was accompanied by activation of the cytokine genes CCL-11 and IL-6 and secretion of extracellular matrix regulatory proteins PAI-1 and TIMP-1. A combined approach directed toward inflammation and p38 MAPK-mediated processes in DD might be considered for improving management of DD patients and prevention of recurrence.
Drug-induced vasculitis occurs after drug exposure and consequent
inflammation of small blood vessels which can lead to damage of affected tissue.
Rare cases of drug-induced vasculitis during ...chemotherapy or concomitant chemo-
radiotherapy have been described in the literature. Our patient was diagnosed with
stage IIIA (cT4N1M0) small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Four weeks after the application
of the second cycle carboplatin and etoposide (CE) chemotherapy, the patient de-
veloped cutaneous vasculitis and rash on the lower extremities. CE chemotherapy
was discontinued and symptomatic therapy with methylprednisolone was admin-
istered. On prescribed corticosteroid therapy, there was an improvement in local
finding. After completion of chemoradiotherapy, the patient continued treatment
with four cycles of consolidation chemotherapy with cisplatin (six cycles of chemo-
therapy in total). Clinical examination verified further regression of the cutaneous
vasculitis. Elective radiotherapy of the brain was performed after completion of
consolidation chemotherapy treatment. The patient was clinically monitored until
disease relapse. Subsequent lines of chemotherapy for platinum-resistant disease
were administered. The patient died seventeen months after diagnosis of SCLC. To
our knowledge, this is the first described case of a patient who developed vasculitis
of lower extremities during concomitant administration of radiotherapy and CE che-
motherapy as a part of the primary treatment for SCLC.
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