Many B2B firms have widely accepted AI-based chatbots to provide human-like service interaction at different customer touchpoints in recent years. One of the objectives behind introducing this ...technology is to provide an enhanced, live channel Customer Experience (CX) all round the clock. Researchers have focused on delivering the CX by improvising the chatbot's internal algorithm, giving limited attention to CX theories from management literature, which leaves a gap. With the proposed paper, we have investigated the influencing factors of AI-based chatbots from the lens of CX theories for B2B firms. In this paper, a model for organizing CX has been proposed using the diffusion of innovation theory, trust commitment theory, information systems success model, and Hoffman & Novak's flow model for the computer-mediated environment and verified using the social media data. The methodology used for this study is the social media analytics-based content analysis method (sentiment analysis, hierarchical clustering, topic modeling) for data preparation, followed by lasso and ridge regression for model verification. The results suggest that CX in B2B enterprises using chatbots is influenced by these bots' overall system design, customers' ability to use technology, and customer trust towards brand and system.
•We investigate the influencing factors of Customer Experience in AI based chatbots.•A big data driven approach has been adopted by mining social media posts.•Theory used includes diffusion of innovation, trust commitment, IS success and flow model.•Text mining followed by Lasso and Ridge regression has been used for model validation.
Early fault detection in an induction motor is the need of modern industries for minimal downtime and maximum production. A learning technique known as the Convolutional Neural network (CNN) provides ...automated and reliable feature extraction and selection. Considering these inherent traits of CNN, this study proposes a CNN in combination with batch normalisation (BN)‐based fault detection approach for simultaneous detection of bearing fault and broken rotor bars in squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs). The SCIM vibration signals have different patterns for different defects, and the architecture of CNN is used in this study for fault diagnosis. For an efficient fault feature extraction, the proposed method uses CNN having multiple stacked layers with BN for faster training. In the proposed method, a CNN model with small kernel size is used along with adaptive gradient optimizer and BN to avoid performance degradation and optimum results. For the validation of the proposed technique, a test set‐up is used along with different fault conditions. The proposed method is also compared with the existing state‐of‐the‐art methods to illustrate its effectiveness.
First principle calculations for efficient transition metal contacts with monolayer MoS 2 -WSe 2 are carried out for complementary device application. The four parameters analysed are exchange ...energy, density of states, entropy measurements, and effective potential periodicity at interface. Each characterises the electrical contact, as exchange energy establishes stable interface with minimum energy (contacts with strong bonding); density of states determines the charge polarity selection (electron or hole transport) and carrier flow rate through interfaces; entropy measurement reveal contacts with minimum phonon scattering rate (enhanced mobility); and effective potential continuity provides an alternative view of contact resistance from quantum mechanical perspective. Combining these results reveal that in specific crystallographic orientation among the 3d group: V, Cr, Co, and Ni; from 4d group: Tc, Ru, Pd, Ag and from 5d group: Ir, Pt, Au form suitable elemental electrodes for MoS 2 -WSe 2 complementary FET applications.
Half-sandwich arene ruthenium complexes exhibit versatile chemistry, serve as excellent precursors and find potential applications in many organic transformations. This review mainly focuses on the ...chemistry of piano-stool ruthenium complexes with special emphasis on the achiral or chiral-at-ruthenium center. Also, it deals with the synthesis, nomenclature and stereochemistry of arene ruthenium complexes along with mechanistic insights into the epimerization reactions and their applications in catalytic organic transformations with some selected examples.
Although child immunization is regarded as a highly cost-effective lifesaver, about fifty percent of the eligible children aged 12-23 months in India are without essential immunization coverage. ...Despite several programmatic initiatives, urban-rural and gender difference in child immunization pose an intimidating challenge to India's public health agenda. This study assesses the urban-rural and gender difference in child immunization coverage during 1992-2006 across six major geographical regions in India.
Three rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted during 1992-93, 1998-99 and 2005-06 were analyzed. Bivariate analyses, urban-rural and gender inequality ratios, and the multivariate-pooled logistic regression model were applied to examine the trends and patterns of inequalities over time.
The analysis of change over one and half decades (1992-2006) shows considerable variations in child immunization coverage across six geographical regions in India. Despite a decline in urban-rural and gender differences over time, children residing in rural areas and girls remained disadvantaged. Moreover, northeast, west and south regions, which had the lowest gender inequality in 1992 observed an increase in gender difference over time. Similarly, urban-rural inequality increased in the west region during 1992-2006.
This study suggests periodic evaluation of the health care system is vital to assess the between and within group difference beyond average improvement. It is essential to integrate strong immunization systems with broad health systems and coordinate with other primary health care delivery programs to augment immunization coverage.
Borophene: New Sensation in Flatland Ranjan, Pranay; Lee, Jang Mee; Kumar, Prashant ...
Advanced materials (Weinheim),
08/2020, Volume:
32, Issue:
34
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Borophene, a 2D allotrope of boron and the lightest elemental Dirac material, is the latest very promising 2D material owing to its unique structural and electronic characteristics of the X3 and β12 ...phases. The high atomic density on ridgelines of the β12 phase of borophene provides a substantial orbital overlap, which leads to an excellent electron density in the conduction level and thus to a highly metallic behavior. These unique structural characteristics and electronic properties of borophene attract significant scientific interest. Herein, approaches for crystal growth/synthesis of these unique nanostructures and their potential technological applications are discussed. Various substrate‐supported ultrahigh‐vacuum growth techniques for borophene, such as molecular beam epitaxy, atomic layer deposition, and chemical vapor deposition, along with their challenges, are also summarized. The sonochemical exfoliation and modified Hummer's technique for the synthesis of free‐standing borophene are also discussed. Solution‐phase exfoliation seems to address the scalability issues and expands the applications of these unique materials to various fields, including renewable energy devices and ultrafast sensors. Furthermore, the electronic, optical, thermal, and elastic properties of borophene are thoroughly discussed and are compared with those of graphene and its “cousins.” Numerous frontline applications are envisaged and an outlook is presented.
Borophene is considered as one of the most promising 2D nanomaterials, owing to its unique structural and electronic properties. The various synthetic approaches for the fabrication of borophene nanostructures with different phases and morphologies, including free‐standing borophene sheets, are described. The frontline applications of these nanostructures in flexible electronics, sensing, disease diagnosis, catalysis, and hybrid energy storage are also considered.
What did science make possible for colonial rule? How was science in turn marked by the knowledge and practices of those under colonial rule? Here I approach these questions via the social history of ...Madras Observatory. Constructed in 1791 by the East India Company, the observatory was to provide local time to mariners and served as a clearinghouse for the company’s survey and revenue administration. The astronomical work of Madras’ Brahmin assistants relied upon their knowledge of jyotiśāstra Sanskrit astronomy/astrology, and can be seen as a specialized form of the kind of South Indian scribal labor and knowledge that also staffed the company’s tax offices. If at Greenwich the division of labor meant observatory work bore resemblances to the factory and the accounts office, in Madras, astronomy and accounting drew on similar labor forms because they were part of the same enterprise. But the company did not just adapt preexisting forms of labor, it also attempted to produce its own at a school built near the observatory to train “half-caste” orphans as apprentice surveyors and assistant computers. The school, staffed by the Brahmins, drew upon knowledge and pedagogical practice associated with the tinnai, the schools in which upper-caste children learned to read, write, and calculate. For a time, the observatory’s social order was literally “half-caste.” The paper also considers how the relationship between caste, status, and instrument was reflected in the visual and material culture of the observatory, such as in Indian-language inscriptions on its central pillar. For company astronomers, the measurement of time meant reworking the relationships among the Indian past, the colonial present, and an imperial posterity. Science under colonial rule spanned multiple temporal and social registers because it was the result of negotiations between the demands of political economy and the knowledge and practices of colonized others.
Stored food items are frequently contaminated by fungal infestations, mycotoxins secreted by toxigenic fungi, and free radical generation due to oxidative stress. In order to ensure the safety of ...food items, there is a need for control measures which are effective by antimicrobial, mycotoxin inhibitory as well as antioxidative action. Some synthetic chemicals used as preservatives have been reported to cause harmful effects to consumers and the environment. Different plant essential oils (EOs), naturally occurring plant-based volatile components, have often been reported to possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. Some EO formulations are currently used as food preservatives and are kept in the category “GRAS” in view of their favourable safety profile. Being volatile in nature, such EOs may be used as plant-based fumigants for stored food commodities. Hence, EOs may play a significant role in overcoming storage losses and in enhancing food shelf- life. This review presents an overview on EOs reported to have prominent efficacy against storage fungi, mycotoxins, and as antioxidants. In addition, safety concerns and future prospects as plant-based preservatives are also discussed.
•Plant essential oils (EOs) against food deteriorating moulds.•Efficacy of EOs against aflatoxin contamination in foods.•Efficacy of EOs as antioxidants to protect food commodities in storage.•EOs as safe alternative of synthetic preservatives.•Recommendation of EOs as plant based preservatives in food safety.
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•In-pram babies are exposed up to 44% higher fine particle concentrations than adults.•Variability between morning and afternoon concentrations was up to ~60% (PNC), 7% (PM1) and 8% ...(PM2.5).•Bottom seat of double pram showed up to 72% greater PNC compared to top seat.•Pram covers reduced fine and coarse particles by up to 39% and 43%, respectively.•SEM/EDS analysis revealed dominance of brake/tyre wear emissions at baby height.
Young children are particularly vulnerable to air pollution exposure during their early childhood development, yet research on exposure to in-pram babies in different types of single/double prams is limited. This work aims to mimick their exposure to multiple air pollutants – particulate matter ≤10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5; fine particles), ≤1 µm (PM1), ≤0.10 µm (measured as particle number concentration, PNC) – in three different types of prams (single pram facing the road; single pram facing parents; double pram facing the road). We also assessed the differences in exposure concentrations between typical adult and in-pram baby breathing height via simultaneous measurements besides assessing their physico-chemical properties (morphology and elemental composition). In addition, we analysed the impact of pram covers in mitigating in-pram exposure concentrations of selected pollutants. We carried out a total of 89 single runs, repeating on a 2.1 km long pre-defined route between an origin-destination pair (the University of Surrey to a local school) during the morning (08:00–10:00 h; local time) and afternoon (15:00–17:00 h) hours. These run simulated morning drop-off and afternoon pick-off times of school children. Overall, the experimental runs took about 66 h and covered the total length of 145 km. Substantial variability is observed in measured concentrations of different pollutants within each run (e.g., up to 290-times for PNC) and between different runs performed during different times of the day (e.g., ~62% variability in average PNC; ~7% for PM1 and 8% for PM2.5 during morning versus afternoon). The average in-pram concentration of fine particles was always higher by up to 44% compared with adult breathing height during both morning and afternoon runs. The comparison of exposure concentrations at two different sitting heights of double pram showed that PNC concentrations were higher by about 72% at the bottom seat compared to the top seat. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of PM2.5–10 revealed traces of brake wear, tyre wear and re-suspended dust minerals with the predominance of brake and tyre wear emissions at baby height compared with a relatively larger share of earth crust elements at adult height. For mitigation measures, pram covers reduced concentrations of small-sized particles by as much as 39% (fine particles) and 43% (coarse particles). Our results reinforce the need for mitigating exposures to in-pram babies, especially at urban pollution hotspots such as busy congested roads, bus stops, and traffic intersections.
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