The DEPFET collaboration develops highly granular, ultra-transparent active pixel detectors for high-performance vertex reconstruction at future collider experiments. The characterization of detector ...prototypes has proven that the key principle, the integration of a first amplification stage in a detector-grade sensor material, can provide a comfortable signal to noise ratio of over 40 for a sensor thickness of 50-75 μm. ASICs have been designed and produced to operate a DEPFET pixel detector with the required read-out speed. A complete detector concept is being developed, including solutions for mechanical support, cooling, and services. In this paper, the status of the DEPFET R & D project is reviewed in the light of the requirements of the vertex detector at a future linear e + e - collider.
We present a search for lepton-flavor-violating tau decays into three leptons (electrons or muons) using 782 fb super(-1) of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e ...super(+)e super(-) collider. No evidence for these decays is observed and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions between 1.5x10 super(-8) and 2.7x10 super(-8).
Rats have an extraordinary expressive circadian organization and prefer the dark as the optimal condition of its life environment. During darkness, the rhythm of its several parameters reaches the ...acrophase.
The aim was to establish the differences in the level of food-intake of laboratory rats of the Wistar strain and in those of the spontaneously obese rats of the Koletsky strain by means of ad libitum feeding under natural light-dark conditions.
The levels of day and night food consumptions in both strains of rats, Wistar and the spontaneously obese Koletsky strain, were studied within the period from January 10th to 20th, (males), and from April 16 to 26, 1990, (females). The animals were fed by Larsen's diet under natural light conditions. The data were evaluated by means of the t-test.
It was detected that during the period between 5 o'clock PM and 6 o'clock AM the male rats of the Wistar strain consumed 80% and the female rats 79% of their total daily amount of food. Food consumption of the Koletsky rats during the period from 5 o'clock PM to 6 o'clock AM in males reached the value of 72% and in females 74%.
There were detected significant differences in circadian food-intake in both strains. Besides the nocturnal preference in food-intake of Wistar rats, which is in accordance with the data gained from literature, a similar food-intake with expressive diurnal-nocturnal differences exists also in the spontaneously obese Koletsky rats. Daily food consumption in these male rats was significantly higher when compared to the Wistar strain. (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 5.).
The effects of fluorescent probes 9-aminoacridine (9AA) and atebrine (AT) on physical properties of liposomes and planar bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) were studied. The method of fluorescence ...spectroscopy and the electrostriction method based on measurement of higher current harmonics were used. At low concentrations (10(-5)-5 x 10(-5) mol/l), 9AA increased fluorescence intensity, while in liposomes from soybean phosphatidylcholine fluorescence quenching occurred at higher probe concentration. Fluorescence quenching occurred over the entire concentration range tested (10(-5)-10(-4) mol/l) in liposomes made from a mixture of egg phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin. In contrast to 9AA, AT, thanks to its hydrophobic chain, penetrates deeper into the hydrophobic membrane moiety; thus, immobilization of the molecule and an increase in fluorescence intensity was always observed. Probes adsorbed to membranes, leaving their electric capacitance effectively unchanged. Adsorption of charged dye particles induced small changes in transmembrane potential. In the presence of 10(-5) mol/l AT, the modulus of elasticity E perpendicular increased somewhat for soft membranes (E perpendicular approximately 2.5 x 10(7) Pa), whereas it decreased for hard membranes (E perpendicular approximately 5 x 10(7) Pa). pH gradient present on the membrane affected the ability of the dyes to incorporate into the membranes. Our results provide evidence against the proposed model of the quenching mechanism introduced by Rottenberg and Lee (1975).
Medical examiners frequently examine victims of sudden death. Most often sudden deaths have a cardiovascular cause. determine the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death based only on morphological ...findings may be often very difficult. Measurement of blood concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnl) and atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) is now in clinical use in adult patients with heart failure caused by myocardial damage.
The aim of the study was the estimation wheather cTnl and/or pro-ANP could be markers of sudden cardiac death.
The study was carried out on 89 necroptic cases, of which 53 were concluded as cardiac-related sudden death, and 36 cases were used as a control group being other than cardiac death cases. Concentrations of markers were determined in blood taken from the left cardiac ventricle and from the right femoral vein. The dependence between the results of biochemical studies and death causes, results of histopathological examination of myocardium, time interval between the death and taking of samples, and resuscitation data was investigated.
Concentrations of cTnl as determined in blood samples from the left ventricle were in most cases very high, largely exceeding the cut-off level, and so were concentrations of pro-ANP. The values of both parameters were significantly lower in peripheral blood. No statistically significant dependences were found between the levels of the studied markers and the cause of death, myocardial histopathological findings, time interval between the death and taking of samples, and resuscitation data.
Based on the results obtained, the study can be concluded that blood is not a suitable medium for determination of biochemical markers of cardial troponin I and atrial natriuretic peptide for post-mortem diagnostics of myocardial damage and for determining the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death in a manner similar to diagnostics of myocardium damage in living patients.
Construction of a waste disposal site requires an effective barrier that separates waste from a sub-base and minimizes the migration of contaminants from the site to an aquifer. Barrier layers most ...often used are natural clayey deposits or compacted clay liners and PEHD geomembranes. However, some regions, the Croatian karst for example, are mostly short of clay. For this reason, the use of pulverized stone, the by-product in the building-stone industry – as a potential liner material was investigated. Considering diffusion is an important mechanism of contaminant transport through barriers, this paper describes the method and apparatus for determining the diffusion coefficient of pulverized stone. Measured diffusion values were related to sample compaction and compared with the physical properties of clay, geosynthetic clay liners and PEHD geomembranes. Other physical properties of pulverized stone such as the filtration coefficient, density and particle size distribution are also presented. Finally, the suitability of pulverized stone for barrier construction is discussed based on the results obtained.
Construction of a waste disposal site requires an effective barrier that separates waste from a sub-base and minimizes the migration of contaminants from the site to an aquifer. Barrier layers most ...often used are natural clayey deposits or compacted clay liners and PEHD geomembranes. However, some regions, the Croatian karst for example, are mostly short of clay. For this reason, the use of pulverized stone, the by-product in the building-stone industry – as a potential liner material was investigated. Considering diffusion is an important mechanism of contaminant transport through barriers, this paper describes the method and apparatus for determining the diffusion coefficient of pulverized stone. Measured diffusion values were related to sample compaction and compared with the physical properties of clay, geosynthetic clay liners and PEHD geomembranes. Other physical properties of pulverized stone such as the filtration coefficient, density and particle size distribution are also presented. Finally, the suitability of pulverized stone for barrier construction is discussed based on the results obtained.
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