Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors use two types of surface plasmons: (i) propagating along a metal-dielectric interface and (ii) localized on metallic nano-objects. This article presents ...theoretical analysis of sensitivity of SPR sensors based on spectroscopy of localized surface plasmons on metallic nanoparticles. Analytical formulas inter-relating bulk and surface refractive index sensitivity with main design parameters are derived using the electrostatic approximation. The effect of particle diameter is accounted for by means of Mie theory. Figures of merit for SPR sensors using localized and propagating surface plasmons are calculated and compared. Although sensors based on spectroscopy of localized surface plasmons on gold spherical particles show promise for detection of processes occurring in the close proximity of the particle surface, their performance is still inferior to that of SPR sensors based on spectroscopy of propagating surface plasmons.
The objective of this study was to investigate the response of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase of human erythrocytes to green laser irradiation. Effects of green laser light of fluences 9.5-63.3 J.cm(-2) and ...merocyanine 540-mediated laser light treatment were studied. Isolated erythrocyte membranes (protein concentration of 1 mg/ml) were irradiated by Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 30 mW) and then incubated in a medium with 2 mM ATP for 30 min. Activity of ATPase was determined colorimetrically by measuring the colored reaction product of liberated inorganic phosphate and malachite green at 640 nm. Contribution of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase to overall phosphate production was determined using ouabain. A positive effect of green laser light on Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity was observed. The dependence of enzymatically liberated inorganic phosphate on light fluence showed a linear correlation (R(2)=0.96, P=0.0005) for all fluences applied (9.5-63.3 J.cm(-2)). On the other hand, MC 540-mediated phototreatment caused a suppression of enzyme activity.
The future Belle II experiment will employ a computer-farm based data reduction system for the readout of its innermost detector, a DEPFET-technology based silicon detector with pixel readout. A ...large fraction of the background hits can be rejected by defining a set of regions of interest (ROIs) on the pixel detector sensors (PXD) and then recording just the data from the pixels inside the ROI. The ROIs are defined on an event by event basis by extrapolating back onto the PXD the charged tracks detected in the outer trackers (a four-layer double-sided silicon strip detector surrounded by a wire chamber). The tracks are reconstructed in real time on the High Level Trigger (HLT). The pixel detector is then read out based on the ROI information. A demonstrator of this architecture was under beam test earlier this year in DESY (Hamburg, Germany). The demonstrator was operated in an electron beam whose momentum was in the 2-6 GeV/c range with a typical trigger rate of a few kilohertz in a magnetic field of strength up to 1 T. The demonstrator consists of one pixel sensor and four silicon strip sensors arranged in a five-layer configuration mimicking the Belle II vertex detector. The detector readout was a scaled down version of the full Belle II DAQ + HLT chain. The demonstrator was used to detect the particles, reconstruct in real time the trajectories, identify the ROIs on the PXD plane and record the PXD data within. We describe the requirements and the architecture of the final system together with the results obtained with the demonstrator.
Systematic effects in some semiconductor detector tests Doležal, Z.; Drásal, Z.; Kodyš, P. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2007, Volume:
583, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This paper deals with commonly used semiconductor detector testing methods, i.e. tests with high energy beams, lasers or radioactive beta sources. The systematic effects of the tests are analysed and ...applicability limits are determined using measurements and simulations.
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor and nutrition factor which takes part in the cellular signaling by several agonists such as pioglitazone. PPARγ can ...serve as potential target in treatments of metabolic syndrome diseases and/or hypertension. In the present study we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, on hypertension development in young and adult borderline hypertensive rats (BHR). In renal signaling we observed connections between PPARγ and Nrf2, antioxidant in adult animals and differences between young and adult BHR in Nrf2-activated detoxificant outputs (NQO1, HO-1) and NO-synthases. Blood pressure in animals had been detected by cuff plethysmography, cell signaling in the kidney was studied by gene expression determination using qPCR, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was measured by radioactive detection. Pioglitazone treatment in adult BHR caused no detectable changes in antioxidant and detoxificant responses. The main effects were observed in blood pressure improvement, endothelial NOS expression and NOS activities in both young and adult BHR.
The paper is based on the data of the 2009 DEPFET beam test at CERN SPS. The beam test used beams of pions and electrons with energies between 40 and 120
GeV, and the sensors tested were prototypes ...with thickness of
450
μ
m
and pixel pitch between 20 and
32
μ
m
. Intrinsic resolutions of the detectors are calculated by disentangling the contributions of measurement errors and multiple scattering in tracking residuals. Properties of the intrinsic resolution estimates and factors that influence them are discussed. For the DEPFET detectors in the beam test, the calculation yields intrinsic resolutions of
≈
1
μ
m
, with a typical accuracy of
0.1
μ
m
. Bias scan, angle scan, and energy scan are used as example studies to show that the intrinsic resolutions are a useful tool in studies of detector properties. With sufficiently precise telescopes, detailed resolution maps can be constructed and used to study and optimize detector performance.
SiLC R&D: Design, present status and perspectives Lozano, M.; Orava, R.; van Remortel, N. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/2007, Volume:
579, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This paper briefly describes the main R&D objectives that are undertaken within the international R&D collaboration SiLC aiming to build the next generation of silicon tracking devices especially in ...the case of the ILC. Firstly, motivation to use silicon detectors in the tracker is explained. Then basic aspects of the design and solutions proposed are described (sensors, front-end electronics, mechanics, alignment). First results from the lab and beam test of the front-end chips and module prototypes built are shown.
SuperKEKB, the next generation B factory, has been constructed in Japan as an upgrade of KEKB. This brand new e+ e- collider is expected to deliver a very large data set for the Belle II experiment, ...which will be 50 times larger than the previous Belle sample. Both the triggered physics event rate and the background event rate will be increased by at least 10 times than the previous ones, and will create a challenging data taking environment for the Belle II detector. The software system of the Belle II experiment is designed to execute this ambitious plan. A full detector simulation library, which is a part of the Belle II software system, is created based on Geant4 and has been tested thoroughly. Recently the library has been upgraded with Geant4 version 10.1. The library is behaving as expected and it is utilized actively in producing Monte Carlo data sets for various studies. In this paper, we will explain the structure of the simulation library and the various interfaces to other packages including geometry and beam background simulation.
For the detection of secondary vertices of long lived particles containing bottom and charm quarks at the International Linear Collider (ILC), a DEPFET pixel detector is one of the technologically ...favored options. In a DEPFET sensor a MOSFET pixel detector is integrated on a sidewards depleted silicon bulk sensor, thus combining the advantages of a fully depleted silicon sensor with in-pixel amplification. DEPFET pixel matrices have been characterized in a high energy particle beam. Since the DEPFET is a very high precision device, given its large S/N (> 100) and small pixel size (36 × 22 ¿m 2 ), a DEPFET based pixel telescope consisting of 5 DEPFETs has been developed. The uncertainty on the predicted position for a device under test (DUT) positioned inside the telescope was found to be 1.4 ¿m with the existing device, due to the limited performance of two of the five DEPFET planes. A DEPFET telescope built of 5 modules equivalent to the best plane presented here, would have a track extrapolation error as low as 0.65 ¿m at the DUT plane.
The inheritance of blue and golden colors in tench (Tinca tinca L.) was studied by mating the respective mutations to the normal or wild-type green phenotype and/or together. Analyses of phenotype ...frequencies in F1, F2, and BC generations revealed that both color variants are mutations of two different, non-linked genes (b and g, respectively) recessive to wild pigmentation (B-G-), and both variants represent the homozygous combination only (bbG-, B-gg).
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