The effect of the volume fraction of I-phase on the hot compressive behavior and processing maps of the extruded Mg-Zn-Y alloys was examined, and the obtained results were compared with those of the ...cast alloys in a previous work. The average grain sizes, fractions of dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) grains, and sizes of DRXed grains of the extruded alloys after compressive deformation were significantly smaller, higher and smaller, respectively, than those of the cast alloys after compressive deformation under the same experimental conditions. This was because the microstructures of the extruded alloys, having much more grain boundaries and more refined I-phase particles than the cast alloys, provided a larger number of nucleation sites for dynamic recrystallization than those of the cast alloys. The constitutive equations for high-temperature deformation of the extruded and cast alloys could be derived using the same activation energy for plastic flow, which was close to the activation energy for lattice diffusion in magnesium. Compared with the cast alloys, the onset of the power law breakdown (PLB) occurred at larger Zener-Holloman (Z) parameter values in the extruded alloys. This was because the extruded alloys had finer initial grain sizes and higher fractions of finer DRXed grains compared to the cast alloys, such that the onset of PLB caused by creation of excessive concentrations of deformation-induced vacancies was delayed to a higher strain rate and a lower temperature. The flow-stress difference between the extruded alloys and the cast alloys could be attributed to the difference in the fraction of DRXed grains. According to the processing maps, the extruded alloys exhibited higher power dissipation efficiency and flow stability than the cast alloys. This agreed with the microstructural observations.
Display omitted
•A new spatially-resolved T1-T2 measurement is introduced.•An adiabatic inversion pulse is employed for slice-selection.•The selective pulse can select a quasi-rectangular slice, on ...the order of 1 mm.•The method can be employed to characterize oil–water mixtures and other fluids.
A novel slice-selective T1-T2 measurement is proposed to measure spatially resolved T1-T2 distributions. An adiabatic inversion pulse is employed for slice-selection. The slice-selective pulse is able to select a quasi-rectangular slice, on the order of 1 mm, at an arbitrary position within the sample.The method does not employ conventional selective excitation in which selective excitation is often accomplished by rotation of the longitudinal magnetization in the slice of interest into the transverse plane, but rather a subtraction based on CPMG data acquired with and without adiabatic inversion slice selection. T1 weighting is introduced during recovery from the inversion associated with slice selection. The local T1-T2 distributions measured are of similar quality to bulk T1-T2 measurements.
The new method can be employed to characterize oil–water mixtures and other fluids in porous media. The method is beneficial when a coarse spatial distribution of the components is of interest.
We conducted an intensive fish survey in the tailwater reach of a large Ozark river 30 years after its impoundment and compared the recent fish assemblage with those prior to impoundment and shortly ...(4 years) after impoundment. Our primary objective was to assess whether relatively short‐term monitoring following dam construction can adequately quantify the long‐term effects of impoundment on downstream riverine fishes. The preimpoundment survey (1962–1963) described a fish assemblage composed of warmwater fish species, predominantly Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Centrarchidae, and Percidae. Yoke darter Etheostoma juliae (34%), central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum (24%), and Ozark madtom Noturus albater (7%) were the most abundant species. The postimpoundment surveys of 1965–1966 and 1968 documented immediate changes in the fish assemblage. No Ozark madtoms and only four yoke darters were collected shortly after impoundment. Central stonerollers accounted for 45–50% of the fish collected, and both short‐term postimpoundment surveys collected five species of darters (Percidae) that accounted for 41–42% of the fish collected. Thirty years after impoundment, we found that the tailwater fish assemblage was composed almost entirely of coldwater species. Ozark sculpin Cottus hypselurus and four species of introduced trout (Salmonidae) accounted for 98% of the fish assemblage by number during the 1995–1997 surveys. The rank abundance of species was negatively correlated between our survey and the preimpoundment survey but not between our survey and the short‐term postimpoundment surveys. Many species that we collected (54%) are habitat generalists, and we did not collect 77% of the fluvial‐specialist species that were present in historical collections. All postimpoundment surveys documented dramatically reduced species richness and diversity. We conclude that short‐term monitoring following impoundment is inadequate to determine the impact of dams on lotic fish assemblages and suggest long‐term postimpoundment monitoring to determine when a fish assemblage has stabilized.
Importance
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated gastric cancer (EBV-GC) is 1 of 4 molecular subtypes of GC and is confirmed by an expensive molecular test, EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. ...EBV-GC has 2 histologic characteristics, lymphoid stroma and lace-like tumor pattern, but projecting EBV-GC at biopsy is difficult even for experienced pathologists.
Objective
To develop and validate a deep learning algorithm to predict EBV status from pathology images of GC biopsy.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This diagnostic study developed a deep learning classifier to predict EBV-GC using image patches of tissue microarray (TMA) and whole slide images (WSIs) of GC and applied it to GC biopsy specimens from GCs diagnosed at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital between 2011 and 2020. For a quantitative evaluation and EBV-GC prediction on biopsy specimens, the area of each class and the fraction in total tissue or tumor area were calculated. Data were analyzed from March 5, 2021, to February 10, 2022.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Evaluation metrics of predictive model performance were assessed on accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and κ coefficient.
Results
This study included 137 184 image patches from 16 TMAs (708 tissue cores), 24 WSIs, and 286 biopsy images of GC. The classifier was able to classify EBV-GC image patches from TMAs and WSIs with 94.70% accuracy, 0.936 recall, 0.938 precision, 0.937 F1 score, and 0.909 κ coefficient. The classifier was used for predicting and measuring the area and fraction of EBV-GC on biopsy tissue specimens. A 10% cutoff value for the predicted fraction of EBV-GC to tissue (EBV-GC/tissue area) produced the best prediction results in EBV-GC biopsy specimens and showed the highest AUC value (0.8723; 95% CI, 0.7560-0.9501). That cutoff also obtained high sensitivity (0.895) and moderate specificity (0.745) compared with experienced pathologist sensitivity (0.842) and specificity (0.854) when using the presence of lymphoid stroma and a lace-like pattern as diagnostic criteria. On prediction maps, EBV-GCs with lace-like pattern and lymphoid stroma showed the same prediction results as EBV-GC, but cases lacking these histologic features revealed heterogeneous prediction results of EBV-GC and non–EBV-GC areas.
Conclusions and Relevance
This study showed the feasibility of EBV-GC prediction using a deep learning algorithm, even in biopsy samples. Use of such an image-based classifier before a confirmatory molecular test will reduce costs and tissue waste.
A novel slice-selective T
-T
measurement is proposed to measure spatially resolved T
-T
distributions. An adiabatic inversion pulse is employed for slice-selection. The slice-selective pulse is able ...to select a quasi-rectangular slice, on the order of 1 mm, at an arbitrary position within the sample.The method does not employ conventional selective excitation in which selective excitation is often accomplished by rotation of the longitudinal magnetization in the slice of interest into the transverse plane, but rather a subtraction based on CPMG data acquired with and without adiabatic inversion slice selection. T
weighting is introduced during recovery from the inversion associated with slice selection. The local T
-T
distributions measured are of similar quality to bulk T
-T
measurements. The new method can be employed to characterize oil-water mixtures and other fluids in porous media. The method is beneficial when a coarse spatial distribution of the components is of interest.
With progressing age, large arteries diminish their longitudinal stretch, which in extreme cases results in tortuosity. Increased age is also associated with loss of vessel distensibility. We ...measured pressure-diameter curves from muscular porcine carotid arteries ex vivo at different longitudinal stretch ratios (lambda(z) = 1.4 and 1.8) and under different vascular smooth muscle (VSM) conditions (fully relaxed, normal VSM tone, and maximally contracted). Distensibility was found to be halved by decreasing longitudinal stretch from lambda(z) = 1.8 to 1.4 at physiological pressures. This counterintuitive observation is possible because highly nonlinear elastic modulus of the artery and anisotropic properties. Furthermore, a significantly larger basal VSM contraction was observed at lambda(z) = 1.8 than 1.4, although this was clearly not related to a myogenic response during inflation. This dependence of VSM tone to longitudinal stretch may have possible implications on the functional characteristics of the arterial wall.
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for detection of white sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV). The synthetic oligonucleotides WS 229F and WS 245R generate a 519 bp DNA amplicon from the ...WSIV genome that encodes the putative major capsid protein (MCP) gene. The WSIV PCR detected as little as 1 fg of plasmid DNA as mixed with 100 ng of host DNA. No amplicons were detected with the WSIV PCR assay upon testing of genomic DNA from uninfected white sturgeon spleen cell line (WSS-2), uninfected white sturgeon tissues, white sturgeon adenovirus (WSAV),
Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 (AcHV-2), frog virus 3 (FV-3), epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), and red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). The newly developed PCR assay was also evaluated with groups of juvenile white sturgeon following experimental exposures to WSIV. An analysis of WSIV detection by PCR compared to current histological methods provided sensitivity estimates of 98% and 64% for PCR and histology, respectively. This new PCR assay provides a more rapid and sensitive approach for the detection of WSIV infections among juvenile white sturgeon than currently available diagnostic approaches including virus isolation and microscopic examinations of stained tissue sections.
Though the dysfunction of central dopaminergic system has been proposed, the etiology or pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still uncertain partly due to limited accessibility to dopamine receptor. The ...purpose of this study was to define whether or not the easily accessible dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes can be the peripheral markers of schizophrenia.
44 drug-medicated schizophrenics for more than 3 years, 28 drug-free schizophrenics for more than 3 months, 15 drug-naïve schizophrenic patients, and 31 healthy persons were enrolled. Sequential reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the mRNA were used to investigate the expression of D3 and D5 dopamine receptors in peripheral lymphocytes. The gene expression of dopamine receptors was compared in each group. After taking antipsychotics in drug-free and drug-naïve patients, the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were sequentially studied 2nd week and 8th week after medication. In drug-free schizophrenics, D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression of peripheral lymphocytes significantly increased compared to that of controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics, and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression increased compared to that of drug-medicated schizophrenics. After taking antipsychotics, mRNA of dopamine receptors peaked at 2nd week, after which it decreases but the level was above baseline one at 8th week. Drug-free and drug-naïve patients were divided into two groups according to dopamine receptor expression before medications, and the group of patients with increased dopamine receptor expression had more severe psychiatric symptoms.
These results reveal that the molecular biologically-determined dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes are reactive, and that increased expression of dopamine receptor in peripheral lymphocyte has possible clinical significance for subgrouping of schizophrenis.
An ultrafine-grained (UFG) Mg-13Zn-1.55Y alloy (ZW132) with a high volume fraction (7.4%) of icosahedral phase (I-phase, Mg3Zn6Y) particles was prepared by applying high-ratio differential speed ...rolling (HRDSR) on the cast microstructure following homogenization. The alloy exhibited excellent superplasticity at low temperatures (tensile elongations of 455% and 1021% 473K- 10−3s−1 and 523K- 10−3s−1, respectively). Compared with UFG Mg-9.25Zn-1.66Y alloy (ZW92) with a lower volume fraction of I-phase particles (4.1%), which was prepared using the same processing routes, the UFG ZW132 alloy exhibited a higher thermal stability of grain size. Rapid grain coarsening, however, occurred at temperatures beyond 523K, leading to a loss of superplasticity. The high-temperature deformation behavior of the HRDSR-processed ZW132 alloy could be well described assuming that the mechanisms of grain boundary sliding and dislocation climb creep competed with each other and considering that the grain-size was largely increased by accelerated grain growth at the temperatures beyond 523K.
A congenital aberrant vessel in the pleural cavity has rarely been described in the literature. It has been known to be a source of bleeding in spontaneous hemopneumothorax. As a result of the lack ...of pleural adhesions around the vessel, a congenital aberrant vessel is prone to deceleration injury. This is a case of massive hemothorax caused by a ruptured aberrant congenital vessel in a blunt trauma victim who sustained a two meter fall.
PDF
