Background
Endoscopic India ink marking techniques are often used for the intraoperative location of colonic polyps and early stage neoplasms. The aim of this study was to compare how effective this ...technique is compared with conventional localization methods, as well as its influence on the results of colorectal laparoscopy (LSCRC) for endoscopically advanced tumors.
Methods
From January 2003 to January 2005, 47 patients with colorectal carcinomas were included in the study. In one group, lesions were localized preoperatively by endoscopic India ink tattooing (n = 21; tattooed group, TG), while conventional methods were used in the others (n = 26; non‐tattooed group, NTG). Patients’ perioperative clinical and pathoanatomical data were prospectively collected.
Results
Both groups were comparable in age, sex distribution, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), technique performed, tumor size and proportion of patients who had previous abdominal surgery. Three patients presented ink spillage without clinical repercussions. Visualization of the correct resection site was higher in the TG (100% vs. 80.8%, P = 0.03). Operative time (147.3 ± 46.2 vs. 187.0 ± 52.7 minutes, P = 0.02) and blood loss (99.3 ± 82.8 vs. 163.6 ± 96.6 cc, P = 0.03) were lower in the TG. There were no differences between groups regarding peristalsis, introduction of oral intake, hospital stay or intra‐ and postoperative complication rates. No differences were observed amongst pathoanatomical data studied.
Conclusions
Preoperative endoscopic tattooing is a safe and effective technique for intraoperative localization of advanced colorectal neoplasms, improving the operative results of LSCRC.
La dinámica teológica debe estar vinculada profundamente con los retos de su tiempo y los contextos de los sujetos, de tal forma que no puede ser ajena a las circunstancias del mundo de la vida que ...la rodean. De ahí que este artículo tenga por objetivo analizar los aportes que la fenomenología y la teoría de las representaciones sociales tienen para el diario quehacer del teólogo. La reflexión será motivada a partir de los resultados de diversas experiencias investigativas propuestas por los autores, donde se ponen en diálogo los saberes propios de cada una de las disciplinas abordadas, pero en prospectiva de la cualificación de los procesos de investigación que se circunscriben en la teología cuando es vista desde la frontera. Al final se podrá concluir que la tarea circunscrita presupone la inter y transdisciplinariedad, no en perspectiva meramente especulativa sino principalmente práxica.
Mexico City approved new road safety policies in 2015, which included lower speed limits and higher fines for traffic offences. In 2019, economic fines were replaced by a point penalty system among ...other changes. This study evaluates these policies on road traffic collisions, injuries and deaths.
Collisions data came from insurance collision claims (January 2015 to December 2019) and road traffic deaths from vital registrations (January 2013 to December 2019). We conducted an interrupted time series analysis for each outcome using negative binomial regression models with an offset of insured vehicles (collisions) or total population (deaths). Then, we classified the 16 municipalities in the city into enforcement and no-enforcement groups based on presence or absence of automated traffic enforcement devices and conducted a controlled interrupted time series analysis.
The 2015 road safety policies had no effect on total collisions and collisions resulting in injury but were associated with a 0.2% (95% CI -0.3 to 0.0) decline in the mortality trend. The 2019 policies had no effect on total collisions but were associated with a 1.5% increase in the trend of collisions resulting in injuries and with a 2.7% (95% CI 1.0 to 4.5) increase in the mortality trend. Postpolicy trends in enforcement versus no-enforcement municipalities were not significantly different.
Policies that included high economic penalties for speeding and dangerous behaviours were effective in decreasing traffic mortality while removing economic penalties and replacing them with a point penalty system were associated with an increase in collisions, resulting in injury and mortality.
Essential oils sourced from herbs commonly used in the Mediterranean diet have demonstrated advantageous attributes as nutraceuticals and prebiotics within a model of severe cardiometabolic disorder. ...The primary objective of this study was to assess the influences exerted by essential oils derived from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) via a comprehensive multi-omics approach within a gnotobiotic murine model featuring colonic microbiota acquired from patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our findings demonstrated prebiotic and potential antioxidant effects elicited by these essential oils. We observed a substantial increase in the relative abundance of the Lactobacillus genus in the gut microbiota, accompanied by higher levels of short-chain fatty acids and a reduction in trimethylamine N-oxide levels and protein oxidation in the plasma. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis of the cardiac tissue proteome unveiled an over-representation of pathways related to mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and cardiac contraction. These findings provide compelling evidence of the prebiotic and antioxidant actions of thyme- and oregano-derived essential oils, which extend to cardiac function. These results encourage further investigation into the promising utility of essential oils derived from herbs commonly used in the Mediterranean diet as potential nutraceutical interventions for mitigating chronic diseases linked to CAD and T2DM.
Introduction and methods
Marine litter density, distribution and potential sources, and the impact on canyon seafloor habitats were investigated in the Motril, Carchuna and Calahonda canyons, located ...along the northern margin of the Alboran Sea. During the ALSSOMAR-S2S oceanographic survey carried out in 2019, canyon floor imagery was collected by a Remotely Operated Vehicle along 5 km in the Motril Canyon, 10 km in the Carchuna Canyon, and 3 km in Calahonda Canyon, together with 41 surficial sediment samples. Additionally, coastal uses, maritime traffic and fishing activity data were analyzed. A 50 m resolution multibeam bathymetry served as base map.
Results
In the Motril and Calahonda canyons, the density of marine litter was low and the material was dispersed, very degraded and partially buried. In contrast, the Carchuna Canyon contained a greater amount and variety of litter. The Carchuna Canyon thalweg exhibited a density of marine litter up to 8.66 items·100 m
-1
, and litter hotspots with a density of up to 42 items·m
2
are found along the upper reaches of the canyon thalweg.
Discussion
Low litter abundances found in the studied canyons most likely reflect low population densities and the absence of direct connections with streams in the nearby coasts. The high shelf incision of the Carchuna Canyon and its proximity to the coastline favor littoral sediment remobilization and capture as well as the formation of gravity flows that transport the marine litter along the thalweg toward the distal termination of the channel. Litter hotspots are favored by the canyon morphology and the occurrence of rocky outcrops. Most debris is of coastal origin and related to beach occupation and agricultural practices in the adjacent coastal plain. A third origin was represented by fishing gear in the study area. Fishing activity may be producing an impact through physical damage to the skeletons of the colonial scleractinians located in the walls of the Carchuna Canyon. In contrast, the Motril and Calahonda canyons can be considered passive systems that have mainly acted as depositional sinks in the recent past, as evidenced by buried marine litter.
Abstract
The cytotoxin-associated gen A (CagA) is an oncogenic virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori that is related with the development of gastric cancer and gastric MALToma: a B cell ...non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
CagA has an important role in the development of cancer due to its promiscuous interaction with different signaling-mediators. The association of CagA with cytoskeleton regulators generates an effect that gives invasive characteristics to epithelial cells, thus explaining the evolution to late stages of the gastric carcinoma. Although the translocation of CagA has been demonstrated in B lymphocytes, its impact on MALToma development and its effects over B cell cytoskeleton have not been characterized.
Human Raji B cells were transiently transfected to express an EGFP-tagged CagA fusion protein. In culture, these cells displayed altered morphological and adhesion properties when compared with control cells. Fibronectin induced-spreading and adhesion assays were performed to assess the changes observed. The transfected cells exhibited atypical size and shape descriptors, determined by analyses of confocal microscopy images. Concomitantly, the adhesion of CagA+ Raji cells was observed reduced. These phenotypes could be explained by the diminished basal levels of ezrin that we detect in the CagA+ cells, determined by Western blot, that contrast with a high expression of this actin-regulatory molecule in Raji control cells.
Taken together, our results show that the expression of CagA produces important changes in B cell morphology as well as cell adhesion due to alteration in actin cytoskeleton regulation; changes that could explain an invasive and aggressive B lymphocyte profile.
Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accordingly, intensive surveillance with annual colonoscopy is advised. The aim of this ...multicenter study was to describe the risk of advanced lesions in SPS patients undergoing surveillance, and to identify risk factors that could guide the prevention strategy.
From March 2013 to April 2015, 296 patients who fulfilled criteria I and/or III for SPS were retrospectively recruited at 18 centers. We selected patients in whom successful clearing colonoscopy had been performed and who underwent subsequent endoscopic surveillance. Advanced neoplasia was defined as CRC, advanced adenoma, or advanced serrated lesion that were ≥ 10 mm and/or with dysplasia. Cumulative incidence of advanced neoplasia was calculated and independent predictors of advanced neoplasia development were identified.
In 152 SPS patients a total of 315 surveillance colonoscopies were performed (median 2, range 1 - 7). The 3-year cumulative incidence of CRC and advanced neoplasia were 3.1 % (95 % confidence interval CI 0 - 6.9) and 42.0 % (95 %CI 32.4 - 51.7), respectively. Fulfilling both I + III criteria and the presence of advanced serrated lesions at baseline colonoscopy were independent predictors of advanced neoplasia development (odds ratio OR 1.85, 95 %CI 1.03 - 3.33,
= 0.04 and OR 2.62, 95 %CI 1.18 - 5.81,
= 0.02, respectively). During follow-up, nine patients (5.9 %) were referred for surgery for invasive CRC (n = 4, 2.6 %) or because of polyp burden (n = 5, 3.3 %). After total colectomy, 17.9 % patients developed advanced neoplasia in the retained rectum.
Patients with SPS have a substantial risk of developing advanced neoplasia under endoscopic surveillance, whereas CRC incidence is low. Personalized endoscopic surveillance based on polyp burden and advanced serrated histology could help to optimize prevention in patients with SPS.
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