•The maximum single-stage separation factor α was 1.031 ± 0.001.•The maximum abundance of 6Li in organic phase was 7.76%.•The exchange mechanism between lithium salt and ionic liquid is cation ...exchange.•Lithium ions and ionic liquid cations are 1:1 exchange.•The abundance of 6Li in the organic phase can reach 7.80% after 5-stage experiment.
A solvent extraction system was selected to separate lithium isotopes by using 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-bis(trifluoromethysulfonyl)-imide (EMImNTf2) as extraction solvent, Dibenzo-15-crown-5 (DB15C5) as extracting agent and a traditional organic solvent as diluent. The effect of kinds of diluent, the content of ionic liquid in organic solvent, extraction time, extractant concentration and counter anions of lithium salt on the separation of lithium isotopes was studied. The single-stage separation factor α can reach up to 1.031 ± 0.001 and the abundance of the light isotope 6Li in organic phase can reach 7.76%. The exchange mechanism between the lithium salt and the ionic liquid is cation exchange. Lithium ions and ionic liquid cations are 1:1 exchange in the extraction system. Multistage experiment for separation of lithium isotope was also developed for enrichment of 6Li as much as possible. The abundance of 6Li in organic phase can reach 7.80% after 5 stages extraction experiment. Lithium of organic phase was stripped into the aqueous phase by 1 mol L−1 HCl solution.
This is the first study to explore the separation of lithium isotopes by ultrasound-assisted extraction (USE).
Display omitted
•An eco-friendly room temperature ionic liquid was synthesized based on ...ultrasonic-assisted.•Ultrasonic (US) assisted extraction and separation of lithium isotopes.•Lithium isotope value was improved up to δ7Li = –166.74.
The solvent extraction separation of lithium isotopes has become of growing interest due to the need for 6Li and 7Li isotopes in the nuclear industry. A one-step synthesis of room temperature ionic liquid with low viscosity 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMImNTf2) (with reaction yields of 87.47%) was used by the ultrasonic method. The addition of ionic liquid EMImNTf2 in the system significantly improved the extraction efficiency and separation factor compared to the traditional organic solvent anisole for extraction separation of lithium isotopes. The distribution ratio increased from 0.00145 (with the single stage separation factor of 1.024 ± 0.001) to 0.134 (with the single stage separation factor of 1.034 ± 0.001). Furthermore, a multi-stage extraction process was intended to enhance lithium isotope separation performance. Each stage of stripping can be considered as an extraction separation equilibrium process, in which the strip liquor from the load organic phase is used for separation in the next stage as the “original aqueous solution”. The abundance of 6Li+ gradually improved with an increase in the extraction stages. The relative abundance of 6Li+ increased by 1.492% at the 20-stage extraction separation (from 7.53% to 9.022%). This new and simple approach (stripping cross-flow multistage method (SCFM)) was to achieve large enrichment of lighter isotopes of lithium (6Li+) by combined extraction and stripping process. In summary, the present study offers the possibility for the enrichment of 6Li+ during lithium isotope extraction separation.
In the field of flexible light‐emitting display, goal‐oriented intelligent molecular design is used to control various behaviors of molecules, which provides potential for the development of flexible ...light‐emitting conjugated polymers (LCPs). The introduction of non‐conjugated units into polymer molecules is a key prerequisite for realizing the intrinsic flexibility, but its easy interchain slip will also lead to the formation of interchain excited states, which is detrimental to the efficiency of light‐emitting diodes. Herein, two kinds of fluorene‐based rod‐coil copolymer with stable deep blue emission characteristics is presented and with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.18, 0.14) and (0.15, 0.09), respectively. Surprisingly, the copolymer films show efficient blue emission even at 100% tension. Meanwhile, the rod‐coil copolymer possesses better aging resistance compared to rigid π‐conjugated counterparts. Finally, both rigid and flexible light‐emitting diodes based on rod‐coil copolymer exhibit stable deep blue emission, and the G2‐based PLED with CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.08), which approach National Television System Committee standard blue specification. These results confirm the validity of rod‐coil copolymer design strategy in constructing inherently flexible polymers with deep blue emission, which have great application potential in flexible PLEDs.
In this study, two kinds of fluorene‐based rod‐coil copolymers with deep blue emission characteristics are presented, which show stable light emission capacity and intrinsic mechanical flexibility. Flexible PLEDs based on G1 and G2 reach a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 1.12% and 1.35%, maximum luminance of 1524.9 and 2067.6 cd m−2, respectively.
To investigate the cryoprotective effect of flammulina velutipes polysaccharide (FVP) on the quality characteristics in freeze‐thawed cultured large yellow croaker, 0.050%, 0.075%, and 0.100% FVP was ...used before freezing and the quality after thawing was compared with water soaking (WS) and commercial cryoprotectant (CC) treatment. Quality attributes were comprehensively determined instrumentally and organoleptically after thawing at 4°C. Results showed that FVP effectively reduces the quality deterioration of body color and water‐holding capacity, while no obvious effects were observed in texture and flavor. As for body color, both FVP and CC treatment could maintain the b* value to a large extent. Among them, 0.075% FVP shows the highest value in two sample points, with 55.2% and 21.0% increases seen in the values in WS. FVP‐dose‐dependent trends were found in water‐holding capacity, where a reduction of 28.26% and 14.38% in thawing loss and cooking loss was observed in the 0.100% FVP group. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) also revealed that immobilized water and free water were more tightly retained in the muscle tissue with FVP addition. The results of the sensory evaluation are essentially in line with the above observations. These findings indicate that FVP has the potential to partially replace commercial cryoprotectants in aquatic products during frozen storage.
Our project aims to reveal the cryoprotective effect of flammulina velutipes polysaccharide (FVP) on the quality characteristics in freeze‐thawed cultured large yellow croaker. The differences were compared with conventional commercial cryoprotectant in combination with muscle quality, body color, and flavor. From the point of delaying the deterioration of frozen aquatic products’ quality, we believe that this paper is important for extending the shelf life of frozen aquatic products, and for further development of novel aquatic cryoprotectant.
Display omitted
•A novel approach combining 13C NMR and bioinformatics was developed to accelerate the discovery of acetylenic meroterpenoids from the fungus Amphichorda felina.•Five new acetylenic ...meroterpenoids, felinoids A-E (1–4 and 15), were separated and characterised, of which felinoid A possessed a rare cyclic carbonate.•An acetylenic meroterpenoid library of 10 natural isolates and 29 new synthetic derivatives of oxirapentyn B were constructed and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities.•SARs for acetylenic meroterpenoids on anti-inflammatory activity were first discussed here.
A combination strategy of 13C NMR and bioinformatics was established to expedite the discovery of acetylenic meroterpenoids from the ascidian-derived fungus Amphichorda felina SYSU-MS7908. This approach led to the identification of 13 acetylenic meroterpenoids (1–13) and four biogenic analogs (14–17), including five new ones named felinoids A-E (1–4 and 15). Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated using extensive spectroscopy, ECD quantum chemical calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 possessed a rare cyclic carbonate in natural acetylenic meroterpenoids. The plausible shikimate-terpenoid biosynthetic pathways of 1–4 were also postulated. Five of these isolates exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (IC50 = 11.6–19.5 μM). Moreover, oxirapentyn E diacetate showed a dose-dependent inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Structural modification of oxirapentyn B yielded 29 new derivatives, among which seven showed improved activity (IC50 < 3 μM) and higher selectivity index (SI > 22). The structure–activity relationship study indicated that 7, 8-epoxy, and 6-acylation were crucial for the activity. These findings may provide a powerful tool to accelerate the discovery of new fungal acetylenic meroterpenoids for future anti-inflammatory drug development.
Current research found that the extraction process of lithium ions by crown ether-ionic liquid system was a cation exchange process in which lithium ions are dehydrated. Obtained and predicted the ...structure of the composite product of crown ether and organolithium, and based on the weighing method, the formation of 1:1 complex Li(B15C5)+ was determined. and it was found that the extraction of lithium ion by the diluent was in accordance with the cavity effect of anion. The coextraction of diluent and ionic liquid, the percentage of competition of common metal cations in aqueous solution to the extraction of lithium ions by Benzo-15-crown 5-Ether(B15C5) were also discussed. Finally, the effect of different diluents on lithium isotope separation and the thermodynamics of lithium isotope exchange in the B15C5-HMImNTf2-anisole system were studied. The separation factor of lithium isotope was the largest when chloroform was used as the diluent (α = 1.034), and the exchange of lithium isotopes was a spontaneous reaction at low temperature (ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0).
•This research found a cation exchange process in which lithium ions are dehydrated.•Obtained and predicted the structure of the composite product of B15C5 and LiNTf2.•The extraction of Li+ by diluent was in accordance with the cavity effect of anion.•Lithium isotope exchange was spontaneous reaction at low temperatures.
To investigate how substrate stiffness regulates the morphology of primary cilia in chondrocytes and to illustrate how Piezo1 mediates the morphology regulation of primary cilia by substrate ...stiffness.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) curing agent and the main agent (Dow Corning, Beijing, China) were mixed at the ratio of 1∶10 (stiff), 1∶50 (medium stiffness), and 1∶70 (soft), respectively, to prepare substrate films with the thickness of 1 mm at different levels of stiffness, including stiff substrate of (2.21±0.12) MPa, medium-stiffness substrate of (54.47±6.06) kPa, and soft substrate of (2.13±0.10) kPa. Chondrocytes were cultured with the substrates of three different levels of stiffness. Then, the cells were treated with Tubastatin A (Tub A) to inhibit histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), Piezo1 activator Yoda1, and inhibitor GsMTx4, respectively. The effects of HDAC6, Yoda1, and GsMTx4 on chondrocyte morphology and the length of primary cilia were analyzed through immunofluorescence staining.
The stiff substrate i
•The maximum single-stage separation factor α obtained in present study was 1.037.•The maximum abundance of 6Li in organic phase was reached 7.86 %.•The molar ratio of crown ether and Li+ complex is ...1:1 was determined.•Lithium isotope exchange was spontaneous reaction at low temperatures.
The organic liquid film extraction system, a novel extraction system, was investigated for the extraction and separation of lithium isotopes using ionic liquid as the co-extractant and Dibenzo-15-crown 5-Ether (DB15C5) as the extractant. Multiple subjects were studied during the investigation, including the effects of extraction time; gas flow rate; temperature; counter anions of lithium salt; the length of the cationic carbon chain of ionic liquid on extraction, and separation of lithium isotopes. The maximum separation factor α was 1.037 ± 0.002 and the abundance of 6Li increased from 7.61 % to 7.86 %. Based on the slope analysis method, the formation of 1:1 complex Li (DB15C5)+ in the extraction phase was determined. The exchange of lithium isotope is spontaneous reaction at low temperatures (ΔH<0, ΔS<0). Also, the back-extraction times of lithium ions from extraction phase to aqueous phase were studied.
Background The combination of oncolytic viruses (OVs) with immune checkpoint blockades is a research hotspot and has shown good efficacy. Here, we present the first attempt to combine oncolytic ...herpes simplex virus 2 (OH2) with an anti-SIRPalpha antibody as an antitumour treatment. Our results provide unique insight into the combination of innate immunity with OV. Methods We verified the polarization and activation of OH2 in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Subsequently, we evaluated the antitumour ability of OH2 and anti-SIRPalpha combined therapy in a tumour-bearing mouse model. RNA-seq and Single-cell RNA-seq were used to characterize the changes in the tumour microenvironment. Results The OH2 lysates effectively stimulated RAW264.7 cells to polarize towards the M1 but not the M2 phenotype and activated the function of the M1 phenotype in vitro. In the macrophage clearance experiment, OH2 therapy induced polarization of M1 macrophages and participated in the antitumour immune response in a tumour-bearing mouse model. Treatment with a combination of OH2 and anti-SIRPalpha effectively inhibited tumour growth and significantly prolonged the survival time of the mice, and this result was more obvious in the mouse model with a larger tumour volume at the beginning of the treatment. These results suggest that combination therapy can more profoundly reshape the TME and activate stronger innate and adaptive immune responses. Conclusions Our data support the feasibility of oncolytic virus therapy in combination with anti-SIRPalpha antibodies and suggest a new strategy for oncolytic virus therapy. Keywords: Oncolytic virus, Oncolytic herpes simplex virus 2, SIRPalpha, Macrophage, Tumour microenvironment environment
The flow inside axial-flow type multi-phase pumps is unstable at the conditions of high-speed and high gas volume fractions. The transient dynamic characteristics induced by the unstable flow will ...lead to pump vibration. Using the standard k–ε turbulence model, the standard wall equation, and the structured grid division technology, the transient dynamic characteristics of the pump at different gas volume fractions were computed by the SIMPLEC algorithm. The axial force and radial force on the pump were calculated by applying integral to the surface area of the computational domain. The results show that the pressurizing performance of the impeller degrades, the dynamic reaction on the blades decreases, while the force acting on the hub increases with the increasing of gas volume fractions. If the gas volume fraction reaches to a certain value, the direction of axial force on the multi-phase pump will change. The radial forces on the first- and last-stage impellers are non-uniformly distributed, and the pressure fluctuation is obvious, while the radial forces on the second-stage impeller and guide vanes are uniformly distributed, and the fluctuation amplitude is small. With the increasing of gas volume fractions, the radial forces on various components decrease gradually.
![SIRP[alpha] antibody combin...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1741-7015/small "SIRP[alpha] antibody combined with oncolytic virus OH2 protects against tumours by activating innate immunity and reprogramming the tumour immune microenvironment")
PDF