Paederia foetida Linn. (Family: Rubiaceae) is widely used as a natural remedy for diabetes mellitus by the Nepali and Lepcha tribes of Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayan region. The plant is ...administered to a diabetic individual in the form of leaf infusion for 2–3 weeks. Therefore, we investigated the effects of methanolic leaf extract of Paederia foetida (MEPF) on alloxan (ALX) induced diabetic renal oxidative stress and NF-kB dependent renoinflammatory events in rat.
Method
Effects of MEPF on blood glucose, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum and oxidative stress markers were evaluated in ALX induced diabetic wistar rats. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to estimate serum IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and renal tissue NF-kB p65 levels. MEPF treatment was given to the diabetic rats at a dose of 250 and 500mg/kg body weight (b.w.).
MEPF treatment significantly reduced hyperglycaemia, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides (TRIGs), and total cholesterol (TCHOL) levels in the diabetic rats, whereas it significantly restored GFR and serum albumin level. The activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant machineries was remarkably augmented by MEPF treatment. Likewise, it also significantly lowered lipid peroxidation which was evidenced by decreased concentration of thiobarbituric reactive substances (malondialdehyde, MDA) in the renal tissue of treated diabetic groups. Moreover, MEPF treated animals exhibited low serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α compared to the diabetic control rats. It showed a dose dependent inhibition of NF-kB activation in the diabetic kidney, but the effects were more prominent at a dose of 500mg/kg. Histopathological examinations also confirmed its nephroprotective action during diabetes.
MEPF treatment mitigates oxidative stress and suppresses renal inflammation via inhibition of NF-kB in diabetic kidney in early progressive diabetic nephropathy.
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Objective: Low levels of folic acid and deficiency of Vitamin D have been found to be associated with poor mood and depression. This study was designed to investigate whether these vitamins show ...antidepressant activity in models of depression in mice.Methods: Reserpine was used to induce depression in the study groups. Low and high doses of folic acid and Vitamin D as well as combinations of these vitamins in low and high doses were administered after induction of depression. The test animals were then tested on forced swim test, tail suspension test, and open field test models for evaluation of the antidepressant activity.Results: After 2 weeks of drug treatment, all the treated groups showed a significant reduction in immobility time in both the test models (p<0.05). High dose folic acid showed consistently greater antidepressant property in all the test models throughout the study period. High dose Vitamin D (p<0.05) also showed good antidepressant activity after 2 weeks, the delayed antidepressant effect of which might be attributable to the molecular mechanism of action of Vitamin D.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that both folic acid and Vitamin D have antidepressant activity. The antidepressant activity of high dose folic acid (50 mg/kg) in reserpine-induced depression in mice at the end of 2 weeks was more pronounced in our study. Studies with longer duration of treatment are warranted to further evaluate their antidepressant effect.
Background and Aim
Blood transfusion is a frequent and integral part of critical patient care. Even though life‐saving, it could be occasionally risky and result in a spectrum of adverse events. ...Haemovigilance programme is a standard set‐up to monitor the entire transfusion chain, evaluate and analyse the data to improve patient's safety. The haemovigilance programme has been established in India very recently. We report the implemented haemovigilance programme at a tertiary care hospital in the north‐east of India.
Methods and Materials
This study was prospective and observational. It was carried out for a period of 9 months, from September 2013 to May 2014, in the State of the Art Model Blood Bank, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India. Transfusion reaction reporting forms, which are supplied by the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, were utilized to collect the data.
Results
A total of 51 000 blood components were transfused and 106 adverse events reported during the period of the study. The major stakes of adverse events were febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions (50%), pruritus (17·92%) and rigour/chills (11·32%). All the adverse events were found to be Grade 1 (non‐severe) type, and there were no severe or life‐threatening adverse events.
We analyze a coronal mass ejection (CME) which resulted from an intense flare in active region AR486 on November 4, 2003. The CME propagation and speed are studied with interplanetary scintillation ...images, near-Earth space mission data, and Ulysses measurements. Together, these diverse diagnostics suggest that the internal magnetic energy of the CME determines its interplanetary consequences.
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