Apo2L/TRAIL stimulates cancer cell death through the proapoptotic receptors DR4 and DR5, but the determinants of tumor susceptibility to this ligand are not fully defined. mRNA expression of the ...peptidyl O-glycosyltransferase GALNT14 correlated with Apo2L/TRAIL sensitivity in pancreatic carcinoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma and melanoma cell lines, and up to 30% of samples from various human malignancies showed GALNT14 overexpression. RNA interference of GALNT14 reduced cellular Apo2L/TRAIL sensitivity, whereas overexpression increased responsiveness. Biochemical analysis of DR5 identified several ectodomain O-(N-acetyl galactosamine-galactose-sialic acid) structures. Sequence comparison predicted conserved extracellular DR4 and DR5 O-glycosylation sites; progressive mutation of the DR5 sites attenuated apoptotic signaling. O-glycosylation promoted ligand-stimulated clustering of DR4 and DR5, which mediated recruitment and activation of the apoptosis-initiating protease caspase-8. These results uncover a new link between death-receptor O-glycosylation and apoptotic signaling, providing potential predictive biomarkers for Apo2L/TRAIL-based cancer therapy.
Middling Through Lancaster, Kate
Observer - OECD,
07/2019
Journal Article
Open access
Every generation since the baby boom has seen its middle class shrink and the economic influence of that class weaken. Should we care? Yes, according to Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class, ...which shows why a strong, prosperous middle class is crucial for any successful economy and cohesive society. The middle class sustains consumption, drives investment in education, health and housing, and pays taxes that support social protection systems. Societies with a strong middle class have lower crime rates, enjoy higher levels of trust and life satisfaction, as well as greater political stability and good governance.
Mixed species plantations of Eucalyptus and N2-fixing species can be significantly more productive than monocultures. The aim of this study was to determine whether the improved growth resulted from ...increases in photosynthesis, light absorption and light-use efficiency, in addition to previously measured increases in leaf area, water-use efficiency and higher ratios of annual above-ground net primary production per unit of total annual below-ground carbon allocation in 1:1 mixtures near Cann River, Victoria, Australia. Light-saturated photosynthetic rate (A max), electron transport (J), stomatal conductance (g s) and foliar nitrogen concentrations were higher for Eucalyptus globulus trees growing in mixtures than those in monocultures. Similar increases in maximum rates of carboxylation (V cmax), Rubisco, chlorophyll, and phosphorus concentrations were not significant. In contrast, A max, V cmax and J did not vary between mixtures and monocultures for A. mearnsii, whose growth was negligible by age 15 years. Mixtures also absorbed 24 and 41% more light than E. globulus and A. mearnsii., respectively, and were 38 and 154% more light-use efficient in the mixtures compared to monocultures. The increased nutrient availability in mixtures appeared to increase productivity of E. globulus by increasing the photosynthetic capacity of the foliage, as well as the leaf area, light absorption and light-use efficiency of the canopy.
Contents:Chapter 1. The survey exercise, structure and respondentsChapter 2. The contours of international regulatory co-operation within international organisationsChapter 3. The governance and ...operational modalities of international organisationsChapter 4. Implementation and impacts of the instruments of international organisationsChapter 5. How do international organisations ensure the quality of their rule-making process?Chapter 6. The institutional landscape in which international organisations operateChapter 7. Assessing the success of international regulatory co-operation as provided by international organisationsChapter 8. Profiles of international organisationsAnnex A. Classifications of IOs On International Regulatory Co-operation:International Regulatory Co-operation and International Organisations: The Case of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)(2016)International Regulatory Co-operation and International Organisations: The Case of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2016)International Regulatory Co-operation and International Organisations: The Case of the International Organization for Legal Metrology (OIML) (2016)International Regulatory Co-operation and International Organisations: The Case of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2016)International Regulatory Co-operation and International Organisations: The Case of the World Health Organization (WHO) (2016)International Regulatory Co-operation and International Organisations: The Cases of the OECD and the IMO (2014)International Regulatory Co-operation: Addressing Global Challenges (2013)International Regulatory Co-operation, Case Studies, Vol. 1: Chemicals, Consumer Products, Tax and Competition (2013)International Regulatory Co-operation, Case Studies, Vol. 2: Canada-US Co-operation, EU Energy
Regulation, Risk Assessment and Banking Supervision (2013)International Regulatory Co-operation: Case Studies, Vol. 3: Transnational Private Regulation and Water Management (2013) www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/irc.htm.
21st century NHS Lancaster, Kate
British journal of perioperative nursing : the journal of the National Association of Theatre Nurses,
01/2000, Volume:
10, Issue:
1
Journal Article
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