Software designed to model electricity markets should accurately model the properties of the transmission system, such as power flow and security constraints, which have a fundamental effect on the ...market behavior and LMPs. PTI has developed a chronological market simulator called LMPSIM which addresses the needs of industry for a transmission-based, flexible market simulator. This simulator can be used for performing market studies such as physical and financial asset valuation, gaming and market power analysis, and determination of the economic benefits of infrastructure expansion.
Sex, age, and equity behavior Leventhal, Gerald S; Lane, Douglas W
Journal of personality and social psychology,
08/1970, Volume:
15, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
31 male and 30 female undergraduates worked with a fictitious partner on a task for which their dyad received monetary reward. Ss were told their performance was either superior or inferior to that ...of their partner and were then allowed to allocate the reward earned by their group. Males took more than 1/2 the reward when their performance was superior and less than 1/2 when their performance was inferior. Females took approximately 1/2 the reward when their performance was superior and much less than 1/2 when their performance was inferior. Females with superior performance also tended to minimize the difference between their own performance and that of their partner. These findings were contrasted with results from a study of children of preschool age. The reward allocation responses of Ss with superior performance were similar at both age levels, but those of Ss with inferior performance were not.
Under deregulation, the formation of electricity markets is a topic of great interest in the power industry and in financial institutions worldwide. Using derivative financial instruments (including ...options) becomes important for hedging against uncertainty and managing risk-limiting exposure to adverse market conditions. Black and Scholes' equation is often used to value options, but its validity is questionable due to assumptions that may not hold for electricity, most notably the assumption of log-normally distributed prices for the underlying commodity. In this research, a put options market for electricity is modeled. Adaptive agents trade in this market to maximize profit. They are not forced to use an explicit economic or financial model (e.g., Black-Scholes) in their valuation. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find alternate valuations that are used to generate buy and sell signals. The results show that it is possible to evolve profitable valuations for use with buying and selling options in this simple model. Reasons for and implications of this finding (e.g., that Black-Scholes may not be a good method for pricing electricity derivatives) are discussed.
Multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) is a method of estimating unknown system parameters by modeling different discrete parameter values in several filters that are run in parallel and compared. ...The parameters for this research are failure status conditions associated with flight control actuators and sensors on the LAMBDA unmanned research vehicle, an experimental aircraft. Six actuator failures and eight sensor failures are modeled, along with the fully functional aircraft, in fifteen elemental Kalman filters. These filters propagate and update their own aircraft state estimates in real time. A probability computation representing the likelihood of each elemental filter's match to the true condition of the aircraft is used to generate relative probabilities for each filter's hypothesis. The MMAE algorithm is extended for the identification of dual failures through the use of a hierarchical structure of filter banks. Aircraft state excitation is required for effective MMAE performance. Sinusoidal dither signals are applied to the command inputs of a flight control system which controls pitch rate, roll rate, and sideslip angle.< >
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