Changes in ambient temperature have been reported as an important risk factor for respiratory diseases among pre-school children. However, there have been few studies so far on the effects of ...temperature on children respiratory health in developing countries including Vietnam. This study examined the impact of short-term changes in ambient temperature on hospital admissions for acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among children aged less than 5 years old in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Data on daily hospital admissions from 2013 to 2017 were collected from two large paediatric hospitals of the city. Daily meteorological data of the same period were also collected. Time series analysis was performed to evaluate the association between risk of hospitalisations and temperatures categorised by seasons, age, and causes. We found that a 1 °C increase in maximum temperature was associated with 4.2 and 3.4% increase in hospital admission for ALRI among children 3–5 years old during the dry season and the rainy season, respectively. Surprisingly, in the rainy season, a rise of 1°C diurnal temperature range (DTR) was significantly associated with a decrease from 2.0 to 2.5% risk of hospitalisation for ALRI among children <3 years old. These findings suggested that although high temperature is a risk factor for hospital admissions among children in general, other modifiable factors such as age, exposure time, air conditioning usage, wearing protective clothing, socioeconomic status, and behaviour may influence the overall effect of high temperature on hospital admissions of children <5 years old in HCMC. The findings of this study have provided evidence for building public health policies aimed at preventing and minimizing the adverse health effects of temperature on children in HCMC.
Rotavirus group A (RVA) is the most common cause of severe childhood diarrhea worldwide. The introduction of rotavirus vaccination programs has contributed to a reduction in hospitalizations and ...mortality caused by RVA. From 2016 to 2021, we conducted surveillance to monitor RVA prevalence and genotype distribution in Nam Dinh and Thua Thien Hue (TT Hue) provinces where a pilot Rotavin-M1 vaccine (Vietnam) implementation took place from 2017 to 2020. Out of 6626 stool samples, RVA was detected in 2164 (32.6%) by ELISA. RT-PCR using type-specific primers were used to determine the G and P genotypes of RVA-positive specimens. Whole genome sequences of a subset of 52 specimens randomly selected from 2016 to 2021 were mapped using next-generation sequencing. From 2016 to 2021, the G9, G3 and G8 strains dominated, with detected frequencies of 39%, 23%, and 19%, respectively; of which, the most common genotypes identified were G9P8, G3P8 and G8P8. G1 strains re-emerged in Nam Dinh and TT Hue (29.5% and 11.9%, respectively) from 2020 to 2021. G3 prevalence decreased from 74% to 20% in TT Hue and from 21% to 13% in Nam Dinh province between 2017 and 2021. The G3 strains consisted of 52% human typical G3 (hG3) and 47% equine-like G3 (eG3). Full genome analysis showed substantial diversity among the circulating G3 strains with different backgrounds relating to equine and feline viruses. G9 prevalence decreased sharply from 2016 to 2021 in both provinces. G8 strains peaked during 2019–2020 in Nam Dinh and TT Hue provinces (68% and 46%, respectively). Most G8 and G9 strains had no genetic differences over the surveillance period with very high nucleotide similarities of 99.2–99.9% and 99.1–99.7%, respectively. The G1 strains were not derived from the RVA vaccine. Changes in the genotype distribution and substantial diversity among circulating strains were detected throughout the surveillance period and differed between the two provinces. Determining vaccine effectiveness against circulating strains over time will be important to ensure that observed changes are due to natural secular variation and not from vaccine pressure.
•In Vietnam from 2016 to 2021, the G9 RVA genotype was the most frequently detected, followed by G3 (23.9%) and G8 (18.8%)•The circulating G3P8 genotypes were phylogenetically diverse with human and equine-like strains equally distributed.•The antigenic epitopes present on VP7 protein of G1, G3 and G9 strains differed considerably with vaccine strains.
Chromium-based metal-organic framework MIL101(Cr)–CdSe quantum dot (QD) composites were synthesized by two different approaches: (a) loading the pre-synthesized CdSe QDs onto the surface of the ...MIL101(Cr) particles denoted as CdSe/MIL101(Cr) and (b)
in situ
synthesis of CdSe QDs into the pores of MIL101(Cr) (denoted as CdSe@Cr-MIL-101). The effect of synthesis technique on morphology, gas adsorption and photoluminescent properties of the as-prepared MOF-QD composites has been investigated. It was found that the porosity of composite materials strongly depends on the loading amount of CdSe QDs. Interestingly, the incorporation of CdSe QDs into/onto to MIL101(Cr) has enhanced optical absorption of the composites in the visible region (redshift) and therefore has potential applications in photocatalysis or solar cells.
Abstract Background Duodenal GISTs represent 3–5% of all GISTs with limited understanding of patient outcomes. We conducted a retrospective analysis of primary localized duodenal GISTs. Methods ...Patients were identified via a survey from 16 FSG centers ( n = 105), and a group of 9 patients enrolled in the BFR14 trial. Data were collected from the original database and patient files, in agreement with French legislation. Results 114 patients were included, with a median age of 57. Tumors originated mainly in D2 (33%), or D3 (24%), with a median size of 5 cm. 109 patients had resection of the primary tumor; with a Local Resection (LR, n = 82), a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD, n = 23), and data were missing for 4 patients. Resections were R0 ( n = 87, 79%), R1 ( n = 8, 7%), R2 ( n = 6). Tumor characteristics were: KIT+ ( n = 104), CD34+ ( n = 58). Miettinen risk was low ( n = 43), and high ( n = 52). Imatinib was administered preoperatively ( n = 11) and post-operatively ( n = 20). With a median follow-up of 36 months (2–250), 98 patients are alive, and 33 relapsed. The 5-year OS and EFS rates are 86.5% and 54.5%. EFS was similar for patients in the LR and the PD groups ( P > 0.05 ). In multivariate analysis, ECOG PS, and CD34 expression are independent prognostic factors on OS. Miettinen risk and spindle cell type are independent predictive factors for relapse. Conclusions Patients with resected duodenal GIST have a reasonably favorable prognosis. This study favors a preservation of pancreas when there are no anatomical constraints. LR exhibit similar survival and smaller morbidity then PD.
Zika preparedness and response in Viet Nam Nguyen, Dong T; Do, Hung T; Le, Huy X ...
Western Pacific surveillance and response journal,
04/2018, Volume:
9, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official positions of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Controlling and reducing PM2.5 levels are essential, but among many studies on this topic only a few have focused on assessing the effectiveness of air pollution control policies through fuel prices. ...This study aims to investigate the association between higher fuel prices and PM2.5 concentrations in Vietnam. Daily data on PM2.5 in the two largest cities of Vietnam (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City) and prices of different fuels were collected for two years (2016–2017). A linear regression model was performed to evaluate the association between PM2.5 and fuel prices, including lag effects for up to ten days. The long term and seasonal effects on PM2.5 were controlled using a natural cubic spline function of time with three degrees of freedom per year. For every 1,000 VND increase in the price of diesel, there was a decrease of 2.7% (95% CI: −8.0, 2.7) and 13.4% (95%CI: −22.3, −4.5) in PM2.5 in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, respectively. On the contrary, there was no statistically significant association between gasoline prices (both RON-95 and RON-92) and PM2.5 in both Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. These findings provided evidence that changes in the price of the more polluting fuel (diesel) could significantly impact the level of PM2.5 in the large cities of Vietnam. Our study offers valuable perspectives for policymakers to formulate environmental policies regarding different fuel excises.
•First study about the impact of fuel prices to air pollution in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.•Changes in gasoline prices were not associated with PM2.5 concentration in both cities.•Diesel price was significantly negatively associated with PM2.5 concentration in Hanoi.•More research is needed on tax/excise measures to control air pollution, particularly PM2.5.
Abstract Study question Is any hormone stimulation needed to treat infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using in vitro maturation (IVM)? Summary answer Number of matured oocytes ...and pregnancy outcomes were similar without or with FSH-priming in women with PCOS undergoing IVM. What is known already In vitro maturation (IVM) is a low-intervention alternative to in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for infertility treatment. Current standard clinical practice for human IVM is to prime patients for 2–5 days with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) before harvesting immature or mixed maturity oocytes for infertility treatment. This gonadotropin priming is thought necessary to induce sufficient follicle and oocyte development in vivo to support subsequent oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro when using a single step (monophasic) oocyte maturation culture system. It is not clear whether hormone-free IVM can generate satisfactory pregnancy and live birth rates. Study design, size, duration This randomised, controlled trial was conducted at an tertiary IVF center, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Between January 2023 and June 2023, 120 women (60 per group) were randomised. Participants/materials, setting, methods Eligible women were aged 18–37 years and had PCOS with an indication for biphasic capacitation-IVM (CAPA-IVM). After providing written informed consent, participants were randomised (1:1) to undergo CAPA-IVM with or without FSH-priming. Participants in the FSH-priming group received two days of FSH injections before oocyte pick-up; no FSH was given in the non-FSH group. After CAPA-IVM, day-5 embryos were vitrified for transfer in a subsequent cycle. The primary endpoint was number of matured oocytes. Main results and the role of chance The number interquartile range of matured oocytes after CAPA-IVM did not differ significantly between the non-FSH and FSH groups (13 9; 18 vs. 14 7; 18; absolute difference –1 95% confidence interval –5, 4). There were also no significant between-group differences in other oocyte and embryology outcomes, including the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes, number of fertilized oocytes, total number of blastocysts and good blastocysts, and total number of frozen embryos. No between-group differences were found in the rates of ongoing pregnancy and live birth, which were both 38.3% in the non-FSH group and both 31.7% in the FSH group; the miscarriage rate at < 12 weeks’ gestation was 5.0% in both groups. Maternal complications were infrequent and occurred at a similar rate in the non-FSH and FSH groups; there were no preterm deliveries before 32 weeks’ gestation. Limitations, reasons for caution The characteristics of the study population (relatively young, lean women with PCOS from Viet Nam) limit the external generalisability of the study findings, and the findings need to be replicated in other populations. Wider implications of the findings Hormone-free assisted reproductive technology (ART) for women with PCOS appears to be feasible when using CAPA-IVM, and does not result in any loss of clinical efficacy. Benefits of hormone-free ART would be a reduction in medical risk, lower cost, fewer monitoring requirements, and greater convenience and flexibility. Trial registration number NCT05600972
Antiretroviral monotherapy and treatment interruption are potential strategies for perinatally HIV-infected adolescents (PHIVA) who face challenges maintaining effective combination antiretroviral ...therapy (ART). We assessed the use and outcomes for adolescents receiving monotherapy or undergoing treatment interruption in a regional Asian cohort.
Regional Asian data (2001–2016) were analyzed to describe PHIVA who experienced ≥2 weeks of lamivudine or emtricitabine monotherapy or treatment interruption and trends in CD4 count and HIV viral load during and after episodes. Survival analyses were used for World Health Organization (WHO) stage III/IV clinical and immunologic event-free survival during monotherapy or treatment interruption, and a Poisson regression to determine factors associated with monotherapy or treatment interruption.
Of 3,448 PHIVA, 84 (2.4%) experienced 94 monotherapy episodes, and 147 (4.3%) experienced 174 treatment interruptions. Monotherapy was associated with older age, HIV RNA >400 copies/mL, younger age at ART initiation, and exposure to ≥2 combination ART regimens. Treatment interruption was associated with CD4 count <350 cells/μL, HIV RNA ≥1,000 copies/mL, ART adverse event, and commencing ART age ≥10 years compared with age <3 years. WHO clinical stage III/IV 1-year event-free survival was 96% and 85% for monotherapy and treatment interruption cohorts, respectively. WHO immunologic stage III/IV 1-year event-free survival was 52% for both cohorts. Those who experienced monotherapy or treatment interruption for more than 6 months had worse immunologic and virologic outcomes.
Until challenges of treatment adherence, engagement in care, and combination ART durability/tolerability are met, monotherapy and treatment interruption will lead to poor long-term outcomes.
BACKGROUND:Virologic failure is a major threat to maintaining effective combination antiretroviral therapy, especially for children in need of lifelong treatment. With efforts to expand access to HIV ...viral load testing, our understanding of pediatric virologic failure is evolving.
SETTING:An Asian cohort in 16 pediatric HIV services across 6 countries.
METHODS:From 2005 to 2014, patients younger than 20 years who achieved virologic suppression and had subsequent viral load testing were included. Early virologic failure was defined as a HIV RNA ≥1000 copies per milliliter within 12 months of virologic suppression, and late virologic as a HIV RNA ≥1000 copies per milliliter after 12 months following virologic suppression. Characteristics at combination antiretroviral therapy initiation and virologic suppression were described, and a competing risk time-to-event analysis was used to determine cumulative incidence of virologic failure and factors at virologic suppression associated with early and late virologic failure.
RESULTS:Of 1105 included in the analysis, 182 (17.9%) experienced virologic failure. The median age at virologic suppression was 6.9 years, and the median time to virologic failure was 24.6 months after virologic suppression. The incidence rate for a first virologic failure event was 3.3 per 100 person-years. Factors at virologic suppression associated with late virologic failure included older age, mostly rural clinic setting, tuberculosis, protease inhibitor–based regimens, and early virologic failure. No risk factors were identified for early virologic failure.
CONCLUSIONS:Around 1 in 5 experienced virologic failure in our cohort after achieving virologic suppression. Targeted interventions to manage complex treatment scenarios, including adolescents, tuberculosis coinfection, and those with poor virologic control are required.
PDF
