Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter Subedi, R; Shneor, R; Monaghan, P ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
06/2008, Volume:
320, Issue:
5882
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The protons and neutrons in a nucleus can form strongly correlated nucleon pairs. Scattering experiments, in which a proton is knocked out of the nucleus with high-momentum transfer and high missing ...momentum, show that in carbon-12 the neutron-proton pairs are nearly 20 times as prevalent as proton-proton pairs and, by inference, neutron-neutron pairs. This difference between the types of pairs is due to the nature of the strong force and has implications for understanding cold dense nuclear systems such as neutron stars.
The innovation of rapid influenza polymerase chain reaction (XT-PCR) has allowed quick, highly sensitive test results. Consequently, physicians can differentiate influenza from other respiratory ...illnesses and rapidly initiate treatment. We examined the effect of implementing XT-PCR on antimicrobial use, admission rates, and length of stay at a tertiary healthcare system.
Due to the lack of free neutron targets, studies of the structure of the neutron are typically made by scattering electrons from either 2H or 3He targets. In order to extract useful neutron ...information from a 3He target, one must understand how the neutron in a 3He system differs from a free neutron by taking into account nuclear effects such as final state interactions and meson exchange currents. The target single spin asymmetry Ay0 is an ideal probe of such effects, as any deviation from zero indicates effects beyond plane wave impulse approximation. New measurements of the target single spin asymmetry Ay0 at Q2 of 0.46 and 0.96 (GeV/c)2 were made at Jefferson Lab using the quasi-elastic He↑3(e,e′n) reaction. Our measured asymmetry decreases rapidly, from >20% at Q2=0.46 (GeV/c)2 to nearly zero at Q2=0.96 (GeV/c)2, demonstrating the fall-off of the reaction mechanism effects as Q2 increases. We also observed a small ϵ-dependent increase in Ay0 compared to previous measurements, particularly at moderate Q2. This indicates that upcoming high Q2 measurements from the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV program can cleanly probe neutron structure from polarized 3He using plane wave impulse approximation.
We report on measurements of the neutron spin asymmetries A{sub 1,2}{sup n} and polarized structure functions g{sub 1,2}{sup n} at three kinematics in the deep inelastic region, with x=0.33, 0.47, ...and 0.60 and Q{sup 2}=2.7, 3.5, and 4.8 (GeV/c){sup 2}, respectively. These measurements were performed using a 5.7 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam and a polarized {sup 3}He target. The results for A{sub 1}{sup n} and g{sub 1}{sup n} at x=0.33 are consistent with previous world data and, at the two higher-x points, have improved the precision of the world data by about an order of magnitude. The new A{sub 1}{sup n} data show a zero crossing around x=0.47 and the value at x=0.60 is significantly positive. These results agree with a next-to-leading-order QCD analysis of previous world data. The trend of data at high x agrees with constituent quark model predictions but disagrees with that from leading-order perturbative QCD (PQCD) assuming hadron helicity conservation. Results for A{sub 2}{sup n} and g{sub 2}{sup n} have a precision comparable to the best world data in this kinematic region. Combined with previous world data, the moment d{sub 2}{sup n} was evaluated and the new result has improved the precision of this quantity by about a factor of 2. When combined with the world proton data, polarized quark distribution functions were extracted from the new g{sub 1}{sup n}/F{sub 1}{sup n} values based on the quark-parton model. While results for {delta}u/u agree well with predictions from various models, results for {delta}d/d disagree with the leading-order PQCD prediction when hadron helicity conservation is imposed.
New results are reported from a measurement of π0 electroproduction near threshold using the p(e,e′p)π0 reaction. The experiment was designed to determine precisely the energy dependence of s- and ...p-wave electromagnetic multipoles as a stringent test of the predictions of chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). The data were taken with an electron beam energy of 1192 MeV using a two-spectrometer setup in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. For the first time, complete coverage of the ϕ∗π and θ∗π angles in the pπ0 center of mass was obtained for invariant energies above threshold from 0.5 up to 15 MeV. The 4-momentum transfer Q2 coverage ranges from 0.05 to 0.155 (GeV/c)2 in fine steps. A simple phenomenological analysis of our data shows strong disagreement with p-wave predictions from ChPT for Q2>0.07 (GeV/c)2, while the s-wave predictions are in reasonable agreement.
Updated results of the experiment E94-107 hypernuclear spectroscopy in Hall A of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), are presented. The experiment provides high ...resolution spectra of excitation energy for
12
Λ
B,
16
Λ
N, and
9
Λ
Li hypernuclei obtained by electroproduction of strangeness. A new theoretical calculation for
12
Λ
B, final results for
16
Λ
N, and discussion of the preliminary results of
9
Λ
Li are reported.
A program of hypernuclear spectroscopy experiments encompassing many hypernuclei has been undertaken in both Halls A and C using complimentary approaches. Spectra with sub-MeV resolution have been ...obtained for Li, B, and N in Hall A, while results from Hall C include He, B, and Al with new data still under analysis for He, Li, Be, B and V. High resolution and high precision in the determination of the single Λ binding energy at various shell levels has been the key success of these experiments using the (e,e′K+) reaction to produce Λ hypernuclei.
The 12 GeV upgrade at Jefferson Lab has identified two new large spectrometers as Physics detectors for the project. The first is a 7.5 Gev/c 35 m-sr. spectrometer that requires a pair of identical ...Combined Function Superconducting Magnets (CFSM) that can simultaneously produce 1.5 T dipole fields and 4.5 T/m quadrupole fields inside a warm bore of 120cm. The second is an 11 GeV/c 2 m-sr. spectrometer that requires a CFSM that simultaneously produces a dipole field of 4.0 T and a quadruple field of 3.0 T/m in a 60 cm warm bore. Magnetic designs using TOSCA 3D have been performed to realize the magnetic requirements, provide 3d fields for optics analysis and produce field and force information for the engineering feasibility of the magnets. A two-sector cos(/spl theta/)/cos(2/spl theta/) design with a low nominal current density, warm bore and warm iron design has been selected and analyzed. These low current densities are consistent with the limits for a cryostable winding. The current paper will summarize the requirement definition of these two magnets. The conceptual design arrived at during the feasibility study involving the choice of conductors, thermal and structural analyses will be presented. A discussion of the manufacturing approach and challenges will be provided.
PDF
