Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between factors such as stress and fatigue on musculoskeletal symptoms experienced by radiologists who were working in clinics and ...hospitals. Subjects and Methods A survey was conducted for radiologists in clinics, general hospitals, and university hospitals across the nation in a 20-day period from July 10–31, 2011. Results According to the comprehensive results of this study, job stress, psychosocial stress, and fatigue felt by radiologists had impacts on musculoskeletal disease in multiple body regions. First, according to the analysis results, job stress was scored at 2.48 on average on a 4-point Likert scale, while psychosocial stress was scored at 2.27 on average on the same scale, which demonstrated that job stress had a slightly higher score than psychosocial stress. Second, job stress, psychosocial stress, and fatigue had impacts on musculoskeletal symptoms experienced by radiologists; the possibility of musculoskeletal symptoms on the neck area increased as the physical environment got worse, interpersonal conflicts got serious, stress from organizational system increased, and psychosocial stress went up. Conclusion We expect that the results of this study would be useful as basic data for systematic and efficient management of resources when taking preventative measures against musculoskeletal disease experienced by radiologists in the future.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical therapy on elasticity of muscles quantitatively by using sonoelastography equipment in infrared and ultrasound treatment ...commonly used in hospital physical therapy rooms. Participants and Methods We also investigated correlations among various variables such as height, weight, BMI (Body Mass Index), body fat mass, muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate. From July 30th 2017 to August 30th, 2017, muscular elasticity ratio was measured in 10 males in their 20s by comparing muscles of the upper and lower extremities before and after ultrasound and infrared therapy. Results Results showed that muscular elasticity was increased 1.55 ± 0.41 folds in forearm muscle region of the upper extremity in ultrasound therapy, which was significantly higher than the increase (1.23 ± 0.10 folds) in infrared therapy. Thus, ultrasound therapy and infrared therapy both would have good result in cardiac treatment for 1-cm away region. In ultrasound therapy and infrared therapy, elasticity increase rates in forearm region of the upper extremity were higher when body fat mass and BMI were increased. Conclusion Results of this study could be used as basic data for ultrasound and infrared therapy studies in the future.
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore lifestyle factors in relation to metabolic syndrome so as to be able to utilize the results as baseline data for the furtherance of health-care and ...medical treatment. Subjects and Methods This study was conducted with patients who visited a health care center located in Seoul and had abdominal ultrasonography between 2 March 2013 and 28 February, 2014. Heights, weights, and blood pressures were measured by automatic devices. Three radiologists examined the patients using abdominal ultrasonography for gallstone diagnosis. The statuses of patients with regard to smoking, alcohol, coffee, and physical activities were explored for the lifestyle investigation. For investigating baseline demographics, we first used descriptive statistics. We then used the χ2 test to analyze lifestyles and gallstone prevalence with regard to the presence of metabolic syndrome. Lastly, logistic regression analysis was conducted to discover the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Results For men, body mass index, maximum gallstone size, and waist circumference were revealed as risk factors for metabolic syndrome, in descending order of the degree of risk. For females, gallstone presence was the most significant risk factor, followed by waist circumference. Conclusion Metabolic disease mainly presents itself along with obesity, and we should become more focused on preventing and treating this disease. A large-scale prospective study is needed in the future, as the cause of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis remained unclear in this study.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to carry out a comparitive analysis of hepatic fibrosis results of the liver hardness of patients with chronic liver disease as measured by elastography (TE), ...shear wave elastography (SWE), and liver biopsy. Subjects and Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of 304 patients who underwent SWE and TE before and after liver biopsy, taken from among patients who had been checked for liver fibrosis by liver biopsy between August 2013 and August 2014. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to prove the diagnostic significance of liver stiffness, and then analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SWE and TE, as well as the kappa index through cross-analysis of SWE, TE, and liver biopsy. Results For liver hardness, the sensitivity of SWE was 84.39%, the specificity of SWE was 97.92%, the accuracy of SWE was 87.33%, the positive predictive value of SWE was 99.32%, and the negative predictive value of SWE was 63.51%. The sensitivity of TE was 94.80%, the specificity of TE was 77.08%, the accuracy of TE was 90.95%, the positive predictive value of TE was 93.97%, and the negative predictive value of TE was 80.43%. Conclusion It is our opinion that SWE and TE are non-invasive methods that are more effective than the invasive methods used for diagnosing liver hardness. Invasive methods cover only a section of liver tissue, and are more likely to cause side effects during biopsy.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between breast density and bone mineral density after menopause. Subjects and Methods The subjects were 130 patients who participated ...in a bone densitometry test and had a mammogram taken between January 1st, 2013 to October 1st, 2014. The mammograms were scored breast imaging-reporting and data system. Grade 1 indicates almost only fat, Grade 2 indicates fibroglandular densities, Grade 3 indicates heterogeneously dense tissue, and Grade 4 indicates an extreme density. Correlation analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship between breast density grades and bone mineral densities by age and body mass index. Results Breast density had a close relationship with age (−0.59), Body mass index (−0.39), and T-score (0.29). The results indicate that as age and body mass index increase, the grade of the breast density decreases, and as the T-score increases, the grade increases. Conclusion A precise evaluation of the of breast cancer risk associated with breast density should be conducted as a large scale prospective study for women in Korea.
Purpose This study was designed to study the correlation between biochemical tests and fatty liver. Subjects and Methods The study subjects were 242 people who received an abdominal ultrasound ...examination at a general hospital in Seoul, Korea, from March 2012 to March 2013. After the abdominal ultrasound examination, the subjects were categorized according to the presence or absence of fatty liver (n = 118 and 124, respectively). Results Comparison of biochemical markers revealed that glucose, total protein, aspartate transminase, alanine transaminase and triglyceride were higher in fatty liver patients. Risk analysis of general characteristics determined that hypertensive and diabetic patients had a 2.475- and 2.026-times greater risk of onset of fatty liver, respectively. The comparison of fatty liver with individual characteristics and biochemical markers revealed a 1.804-times greater chance of fatty liver when total protein was high, 0.964-times greater chance when high density lipoprotein was elevated and 1.204-times greater chance when triglyceride was elevated. When hypertension became severe, the chance of experiencing onset of fatty liver was 2.848 times higher. Conclusion Fatty liver is a representative disease of obese people in general and more active attention is necessary for its prevention and treatment. A direct cause of fatty liver was not found. Large-scale prospective studies will be required.
Purpose The aim of this study was to find biochemical markers related to low bone mineral density in Korean adults. Subjects and Methods From August 1 to September 15, 2013, subjects receiving ...medical checkups were classified as lumbar spine bone normal, osteopenic, or osteoporotic using a bone mineral densitometer. Next, age, body mass index, and biochemical parameter differences were compared among the three groups. Results The results revealed that, the relevant factors were maximum blood pressure, minimum blood pressure, bone mineral density, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), fasting blood glucose, iron, neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils. The bone mineral density of patients with osteoporosis was 0.763 times lower than that of normal subjects. The total bilirubin level of patients with osteoporosis was 0.45 times lower than that of normal subjects. The alkaline phosphatase level of patients with osteopenia was 1.059 times higher than that of normal subjects, and that in patients with osteoporosis was 1.088 times higher than that in normal subjects. The fasting blood glucose level of patients with osteoporosis was 0.963 times lower than that of normal subjects. The iron level of patients with osteoporosis was 0.986 times lower than that of normal subjects. Conclusion In conclusion, osteoporosis is a representative disease in elderly women due to aging and menopause, and more active interest should be taken for prevention and treatment.
Purpose This study assessed the advantages and shortcomings of methods for hemostasis in patients who had received angiography after femoral arterial puncture using manual, compression device, or a ...combination of manual compression and a compression device. In addition, the success rates, complications, etc, were analyzed. Subjects and Methods One hundred and eighty patients who had undergone angiography after femoral arterial puncture were divided into three groups according to the method of hemostasis. For group A, immediately after angiography, an Angio-Seal device was placed in the puncture area and compressed using a compression device. For group B, after angiography, the puncture area was compressed with the hands directly. For group C, the puncture area was compressed using a compression device for approximately 10 min, and the puncture area was then compressed with the hands. In each group, the following correlations were analyzed: the time to hemostasis after angiography and gender, the time to hemostasis of each generation and the hemoglobin value, and platelet value and the time to hemostasis. Results The results showed a similar time to hemostasis regardless of gender or generation. The correlation between the hemoglobin value, platelet value, and the time to hemostasis were not significant. Group A showed the shortest mean time to hemostasis of the three groups (20.37 ± 8.23 min). No complications caused by the hemostasis method were detected in group B. Group A showed the highest incidence of complications caused by hemostasis. Conclusion Overall, hemostasis performed mutually is safe and effective for patients according to their condition.
Purpose The aim of this study was to identify biochemical markers related to breast density. The study was performed with 200 patients who received mammography and biochemical marker testing between ...March 1, 2014 to October 1, 2014. Subjects and Methods Following the American College of Radiology, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR BI-RADS), breast parenchymal pattern density from mammography was categorized into four grades: grade 1, almost entirely fat; grade 2, fibroglandular densities; grade 3, heterogeneously dense; and grade 4, extremely dense. Regarding biochemical markers, subjects underwent blood and urine tests after a 12-h fast. We analyzed correlations among breast density, general characteristics, and biochemical markers. Results Breast density-related factors were age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), hematocrit, MCH, RDW, AST, ALT, ALP, uric acid, γGT, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. Conclusion The results can be used as basic and comparative data for the prevention and early control of breast cancer.
Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess the health effects of broadcasting actors through a comprehensive research on their job stress, psychosocial stress, and fatigue and to investigate ...those factors having an impact on their health condition to present a basis for comparative studies and effective human resource management in the future. Subjects and Methods A survey was performed to analyze the relevance of the general features, job stress, psychosocial stress, and fatigue. Results Analysis of job stress, one of the characteristics of individuals, revealed that 32.4% of the subjects with less than 5 years of service, 55.5% of those with 6 to 10 years of service, and 52.4% of those with more than 10 years of service showed a high level of stress. Analysis of psychosocial stress, another characteristic of individuals, revealed that 13.4% of the nonsmokers had a high level of psychosocial stress, while 37.7% of smokers had a high level of psychosocial stress based on analysis of chronic disease and psychosocial health. Conclusion Based on this study of the stress and fatigue of broadcasting actors, it is expected that improvements can be made to promote their mental health conditions and, organizational safety and to promote effective human resource management.
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