Ever since the introduction of high bandwidth memory (HBM DRAM) and its succeeding line-ups, HBM DRAM has been heralded as a prominent solution to tackle the memory wall problem. However, despite ...continual memory advancements the advent of high-end systems, including supercomputers, hyper-scale data centers and machine learning accelerators, are expediting requirements for higher-performance memory solutions. To accommodate the increasing system-level demands, we introduce HBM3 DRAM, which employs multiple new features and design schemes. Techniques such as an on-die ECC engine, internal NN-DFE I/O signaling, TSV auto-calibration, and layout optimization based on machine-learning algorithms are implemented to efficiently control timing skew margins and SI degradation trade-offs. Furthermore, reduced voltage swings allow for improved memory bandwidth, density, power efficiency and reliability.
Atomic Layer Annealing
In article number 2201134, Jong G. Ok, Jihwan An, and co‐workers demonstrate simple yet effective two‐fold strategies to directly fabricate flexible thin film capacitors on ...polymer substrate: the crystallization of high‐k TiO2 film by plasma‐assisted atomic layer annealing at low temperature of 80 °C on nanostructured polycarbonate substrates fabricated by simple dynamic nanoinscribing technique, which results in the flexible capacitor of the record‐high capacitance density (24.2 nF/mm2) with mechanical stability.
Gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering is utilized as the anode interlayer for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs) with a nanothin ...yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and Ni/Pt electrodes. When the thickness ratio of YSZ electrolyte versus 100nm GDC anode interlayer is at or below 1.5, the electrochemical performance of the LT-SOFC is severely poor due to the microstructural instability of the GDC anode interlayer under high-temperature reducing atmospheric conditions. At 500°C, the peak power density of the LT-SOFC with a Ni anode and a 20nm GDC anode interlayer is ~30% higher than that without the GDC anode interlayer due to faster reaction kinetics on the anode side.
•Gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) thin film is deposited by radio frequency sputtering.•Stability of GDC anode interlayer is an important factor for nanothin electrolyte.•Thin enough GDC anode interlayer improves reaction kinetics on the anode side.
There are many medical demands that still need to be resolved for prostate cancer (PCa), including better diagnosis and predictive medicine. For this to be accomplished, diverse medical data need to ...be integrated with the development of intelligent software (SW) based on various types of medical data. Various types of information technology have been used to address these medical demands of PCa. We initiated the PROstate Medical Intelligence System Enterprise-Clinical, Imaging, and Pathology (PROMISE CLIP) and a multicenter, big data study to develop PCa SW for patients with PCa and clinicians. We integrated the clinical data of 7257 patients, 610 patients’ imaging data, and 39,000 cores of pathology digital scanning data from four tertiary hospitals in South Korea. We developed the PROMISE CLIP registry based on integrated clinical, imaging, and pathology data. Related intelligent SW has been developed for helping patients and clinicians decide on the best treatment option. The PROMISE CLIP study directs guidelines for intelligent SW development to solve medical demands for PCa. The PROMISE CLIP registry plays an important role in advancing PCa research and care.
This brief presents a 9Gb/s transmitter for intra-panel interfaces, with dual-loop calibration and a 2D binary-segmented driver. The dual-loop calibration during the training period compensates the ...transmitter output for the variations in operating conditions such as supply voltage and reference current. The 2D binary-segmented driver provides wide range and high resolution output characteristics, and independent adjustments for VOD, VCM and FFE strength while maintaining signal integrity. The transmitter reduces power consumption by optimizing the output for the channel. A prototype chip, fabricated in a 55nm CMOS process, occupies 0.057mm 2 . It provides FFE strength from 0dB to 26.4dB, common-mode voltage from 260mV to 690mV, and differential output voltage from 100mVppd to 1200mVppd, which varies by less than 4% across supply voltage and reference current variations. It also consumes 36mW at a data-rate of 9Gb/s with a 1.2V supply.
Modern smartphone cameras can match traditional DSLR cameras in many areas thanks to the introduction of camera arrays and multi-frame processing. Among all types of DSLR effects, the narrow depth of ...field (DoF) or so called bokeh probably arouses most interest. Today's smartphones try to overcome the physical lens and sensor limitations by introducing computational methods that utilize a depth map to synthesize the narrow DoF effect from all-in-focus images. However, a high quality depth map remains to be the key differentiator between computational bokeh and DSLR optical bokeh. Empowered by a novel wavelet synthesis network architecture, we have greatly narrowed the gap between DSLR and smartphone camera in terms of the bokeh more than ever before. We describe three key Modern smartphone cameras can match traditional digital single lens reflex (DSLR) cameras in many areas thanks to the introduction of camera arrays and multi-frame processing. Among all types of DSLR effects, the narrow depth of field (DoF) or so called bokeh probably arouses most interest. Today's smartphones try to overcome the physical lens and sensor limitations by introducing computational methods that utilize a depth map to synthesize the narrow DoF effect from all-in-focus images. However, a high quality depth map remains to be the key differentiator between computational bokeh and DSLR optical bokeh. Empowered by a novel wavelet synthesis network architecture, we have narrowed the gap between DSLR and smartphone camera in terms of bokeh more than ever before. We describe three key enablers of our bokeh solution: a synthetic graphics engine to generate training data with precisely prescribed characteristics that match the real smartphone captures, a novel wavelet synthesis neural network (WSN) architecture to produce unprecedented high definition disparity map promptly on smartphones, and a new evaluation metric to quantify the quality of the disparity map for real images from the bokeh rendering perspective. Experimental results show that the disparity map produced from our neural network achieves much better accuracy than the other state-of-the-art CNN based algorithms. Combining the high resolution disparity map with our rendering algorithm, we demonstrate visually superior bokeh pictures compared with existing top rated flagship smartphones listed on the DXOMARK mobiles.
Hydrogen (H2) detectors are important tools to ensure the safety in H2 production/storage/transportation/use and also monitor many H2-related physiochemical processes in industrial or medical ...practices. Ideal H2 detectors should not only have high detection performance (e.g., high sensitivity and selectivity) but also possess low power-consumption, high compactness, simple fabrication using low-cost materials, and ease of instrumentation that can be easily handled and operated. In this work, nanoporous composites by simply reducing palladium (Pd) precursors to the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were developed and optimized for the development of a resistive H2 detector. The detector was prepared by depositing solution droplets of Pd/HNT with an optimal mass concentration on an interdigitated microelectrode surface of 1 cm × 1 cm and then drying it at 65 °C. The developed H2 detector exhibited reliable H2 detection, achieving low limit H2 detections of 27 ppb and <10 ppm in both N2 and air, respectively. It also presented high selectivity, differencing H2 from other interfering gases such as CO2 and CH4, and demonstrated stability in its response from room temperature to 50 °C. We attribute the characteristics of the detector performance to the nature of Pd/HNT composites (large surface, high porosity, specific reaction of Pd to H2, etc.). Given its high detection performance, simple resistance read-out, and ease of fabrication, it is believed that the developed detector will have broad applications in the H2 energy industry and many other H2-related industrial and medical procedures.
Abstract Background aims Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) have high proliferative capacity and ability to secrete trophic factors. Although intra-arterial (IA) transplantation of ...stem cells induces efficient engraftment to the host brain, it is unclear whether engrafted cells exert their long-term therapeutic effects through a bystander mechanism or a cell replacement mechanism. Methods After induction of ischemia in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion, we transplanted human AD-MSCs into their carotid arteries with the use of a micro-needle, and we then investigated the therapeutic effects during the early and late phases of ischemia by means of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, functional and histological analyses. Results During the early phase of cerebral ischemia, IA transplantation of AD-MSCs attenuated inflammation and enhanced endogenous neurogenesis. Transplanted animals showed a marked improvement in functional tests during the early phase of cerebral ischemia that was less prominent but still significant during the late phase of cerebral ischemia. Although the transplanted cells effectively migrated to the infarct area, only a small number of engrafted cells survived at 8 weeks after transplantation and differentiated into neuronal, glial and endothelial cells. Conclusions IA transplantation of human AD-MSCs provides an effective therapeutic modality in a rodent model of stroke, of which the main effects are mediated by a bystander mechanism at the early phase of ischemia.
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