PurposeDrawing on the conservation of resources theory, this study examines how proactive skill development (PSD) influences job performance and mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying the ...above relationship.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a sample of 261 full-time workers in three waves, spaced by a six-week interval (Time 1, N = 360; Time 2, N = 320; Time 3, N = 261).FindingsThe results confirmed that career stress mediated the relationship between PSD and job performance. Additionally, high career decidedness strengthened this negative relationship between stress and performance. Furthermore, career decidedness significantly moderated the indirect PSD–performance relationship via career stress, accentuating the indirect effect when decidedness is higher.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on the important role of proactive skills development in influencing job performance and what factors can affect this relationship. It offers practical implications by highlighting how targeted training can boost employees' proactivity and performance.
When COVID‐19 hit, a surprising, intractable, global, existential, and lingering (SIGEL) crisis was unleashed, creating challenges unknown to humankind. To avoid failure, firms’ realignment to fit ...this SIGEL crisis became necessary. Yet, not all firms realigned. Why? Because of these firms' decision makers' temporal mindsets or their interpretative lenses about time. Contrary to the assumption that fast crisis response is essential, we argue and find that decision makers' time urgency (i.e., innate self‐imposed pressure to act quickly) hinders their firms' effective alignment. While past focus (i.e., innate tendency to attend to the past) had ‘o effect on effective firm alignment, present focus (i.e., innate tendency to attend to the present) and future focus (i.e., innate tendency to attend to the future) had a positive effect. Interestingly, data show that the co‐existence of (1) high future, low present, and low past and (2) high future, high present, and high past foci in decision makers' minds drive the most effective firm alignment, but (3) low future, low present, and low past foci drive the least. Using US and UK panel data, we show, conceptually and empirically, the importance of temporal mindsets to firm alignment with SIGEL crises.
Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, multiple myeloma, rheumatoid ...arthritis, and prostate cancer. The signaling pathways associated with IL‐6 offer promising targets for therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases and IL‐6‐dependent tumors. Although certain anti‐IL‐6 monoclonal antibodies are currently employed clinically, their usage is hampered by drawbacks such as high cost and potential immunogenicity, limiting their application. Thus, the imperative arises to develop novel small non‐peptide molecules acting as IL‐6 inhibitors. Various natural products derived from diverse sources have been investigated for their potential to inhibit IL‐6 activity. Nevertheless, these natural products remain inadequately explored in terms of their structure‐activity relationships. In response, our review aims to provide syntheses and structure activity perspective of natural IL‐6 inhibitors. The comprehensive amalgamation of information presented in this review holds the potential to serve as a foundation for forthcoming research endeavors by medicinal chemists, facilitating the design of innovative IL‐6 inhibitors to address the complexities of inflammatory diseases.
HIGHLIGHTS
Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays a pivotal role in various diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, and prostate cancer. This has spurred the development of several clinical valuable drugs, while the IL‐6 signaling pathway continues to attract attention in the field of drug discovery and development.
Madindolines (A and B), exemplar natural inhibitors of IL‐6, have demonstrated sub‐micromolar IC50 values in IL‐6‐dependent MH60 cell lines.
This review encompasses the total and formal synthesis of madindolines (A and B), explores structure‐activity relationships, and delves into the biological implications of these compounds.
Furthermore, the IL‐6 inhibitory potential of natural products exhibiting diverse chemotypes is thoroughly examined.
The insights presented herein intend to ignite novel approaches for pioneering IL‐6 inhibitors by synergizing acquired knowledge and computational methodologies and serve as a driving force for expanded explorations into novel IL‐6 inhibitors, propelling a wave of future investigations.
Summary
Recent research has uncovered the debilitating effects that customers' unfair treatment of service workers has for both employees and their employers. These studies have largely explained the ...effects of customer mistreatment through a conservation of resources (COR) theory lens, arguing that customer injustice depletes the regulatory resources of service employees, thereby impairing their well‐being and ability to perform their jobs effectively. In our paper, we contend that aspects of employee–customer social exchange should also be considered, and that such relational processes are critical above and beyond COR effects. After formulating our theoretical model, we offer time‐lagged data from a field study of service workers (N = 337) supporting our hypothesis that the negative relationship between customer injustice and employee citizenship behavior directed toward customers is sequentially mediated by perceived customer support and customer commitment, respectively, over and above COR effects. Incorporating insights from the customer service literature, we further demonstrate the role of display rule perceptions as a moderator of these sequential indirect effects.
PurposeThis paper examines the factors that influence the work attitudes of employees and the conditional effects of family support on the job demand–turnover intention ...relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a sample of 231 employees working in the manufacturing industry in Vietnam to test the conceptual model.FindingsDrawing upon the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and job embeddedness theory, the authors found that employees' psychological capital and family support influenced turnover intentions through enhancing their job satisfaction. The authors also found that the influence of job demands on turnover intentions was altered when employees had higher levels of family support.Originality/valueThis study provides important insights for human resource managers regarding what may influence employees' job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The findings advance turnover literature by highlighting the important roles of both internal resources (psychological capital) and external resources (family support) in influencing employee turnover intentions in Vietnam.
In this paper, we describe the well-defined underpotential deposition systems consisting of Cu, Ag, Pb, and Tl on layered gold nanoparticle (AuNP) thin films linked with bifunctional ...1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT). Scanning electron microscopy informs the morphological structures of layered AuNPs accumulated by stepwise immersion in citrate-stabilized AuNP and HDT solutions. Although cyclic voltammograms for typical Au oxide formation show that colloidal AuNP frameworks are polycrystalline, (111) reflection is the major character in X-ray diffraction measurements. As the AuNP layers are piled up on indium tin oxide, faradaic currents for the underpotential deposition adsorption increase linearly, indicating that entire AuNPs are electrochemically accessible; as a result, the mass transport and the electron transfer are plausible in AuNP frameworks. Voltammetric profiles of Ag on AuNP and Cu on AuNP exhibit similar features with those on the bulk metal film. On the other hand, heavy metal systems of Pb/AuNP and Tl/AuNP reveal more enhanced adsorption currents and particularly irreversible cyclic voltammograms which explicate their strong binding properties to AuNPs by the small size of the hydrated metal ions. This electrochemical approach gives an alternative route to the construction of bimetallic clusters. The potential cycling, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that the bimetallic cluster of Ag or Cu on AuNPs is a core−shelled shape, while the bimetallic cluster of Pb or Tl on AuNPs forms an alloyed structure.
To determine P‐ and S‐wave velocities, elastic properties and subglacial topography of the polythermal Fourcade Glacier, surface seismic and radar surveys were conducted along a 470‐m profile in ...November 2006. P‐ and S‐wave velocity structures were determined by travel‐time tomography and inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves, respectively. The average P‐ and S‐wave velocities of ice are 3466 and 1839 m s−1, respectively. Radar velocities were obtained by migration velocity analysis of 112 diffraction events. An estimate of 920 kg m−3 for the bulk density of wet ice corresponds to water contents of 5.1 and 3.2%, which were derived from the average P‐wave and radar velocities, respectively. Using this density and the average P‐ and S‐wave velocities, we estimate that the corresponding incompressibility and rigidity of the ice are 6.925 and 3.119 GPa, respectively. Synergistic interpretation of the radar profile and P‐ and S‐wave velocities indicates the presence of a fracture zone above a subglacial high. Here, the P‐ and S‐wave velocities are approximately 5 and 3% less than in the ice above a subglacial valley, respectively. The S‐wave velocities indicate that warmer and less rigid ice underlies 10–15 m of colder ice near the surface of the glacier. Such layering is characteristic of polythermal glaciers. As a relatively simple non‐invasive approach, integration of P‐wave tomography, Rayleigh wave inversion and ground‐towed radar is effective for various glaciological studies, including the elastic properties of englacial and subglacial materials, cold/warm ice interfaces, topography of a glacier bed and location of fracture zones.
Familial and organizational support are important for employees to sustain quality of life and workplace performance. Grounded in the conservation of resources theory, this study explored the ...underlying mechanism between family member support and employee well-being. Specifically, we examined how the relationship is mediated by psychological capital, and how perceived organizational support amplifies the effect of familial support on psychological capital. Using survey data from 231 Vietnamese employees, results showed that family member support positively predicted employee well-being. This relationship was mediated by psychological capital. Additionally, the relationship between family member support and psychological capital was moderated by perceived organizational support, becoming stronger under conditions of high organizational support. This study offers important theoretical implications regarding the roles of family and organizational support in impacting employee well-being and happiness. Additionally, it provides practical implications for strategic human resource management, highlighting approaches to develop a socially sustainable work environment that promotes employee well-being.
