Introduction
To evaluate the differences in the associations of combinations of co-existent osteopenia, obesity, and/or sarcopenia with insulin resistance (IR) according to different criteria of ...obesity.
Materials and methods
Among 4500 Korean men and postmenopausal women who were aged ≥ 50 years and did not have diabetes mellitus, osteopenia, sarcopenia, and obesity were defined using bone mineral density, skeletal mass index, and body fat % (or BMI). Body composition groups were generated based on the combinations of these components. IR was defined using the HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5.
Results
When obesity was defined by body fat % and the relationships were adjusted for age, sex, education, and health behaviors, the odds ratios (ORs) for IR was highest in the groups with obesity and osteopenic obesity, followed by sarcopenic obesity and osteosarcopenic obesity, followed by osteopenia and sarcopenia, and followed by osteosarcopenia. When BMI was additionally adjusted, the ORs for IR were not significantly different between body composition groups except for osteopenia: those groups had higher ORs for IR compared to osteopenia. When obesity was defined by BMI, obesity co-existent groups had higher ORs for IR than the obesity non-coexistent groups. The ORs for IR were not significantly different within obesity co-existent groups or obesity non-coexistent groups.
Conclusions
Combinations of co-existent osteopenia, obesity, and/or sarcopenia had different associations with IR according to obesity classification methods and consideration of BMI adjustment. Osteosarcopenic obesity may not have a stronger association with IR compared to obesity only and obesity co-existent other conditions.
This study aimed to determine the associations between self-perceived weight, weight perception, and mortality risk among Korean adults.
Data from the 2007 to 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition ...Examination Survey and the 2007 to 2019 Cause of Death Statistics were linked for this cohort study. A complex samples Cox regression analysis involving 42,453 participants (17,056 male; 25,397 female) was performed after excluding those who died within 1 year of the follow-up period, those with a history of cancer, those with cardiovascular diseases, those without body mass index (BMI) data, and those without self-perceived weight data.
During 7.85 years of follow-up, the overall mortality rate was 3.8% (4.5% for male and 3.1% for female). Self-perceived thin weight status was associated with a 43% to 68% higher risk of all-cause mortality and a 2.48-times higher risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to self-perceived just right weight status after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, underlying health status, BMI, and metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for the confounding factors, those who underestimated their weight had a 27% reduced risk of all-cause mortality than those who correctly estimated their weight. The risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were 2.14-times higher and 2.32-times higher, respectively, in the underweight group with an accurate weight estimation than in the normal weight group with an accurate weight estimation. However, all-cause mortality was 47% lower among participants with obesity who overestimated their weight.
Self-perceived thinness and accurately perceived underweight status were associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among Korean adults.
Compared to studies evaluating the effect of environmental factors on weight and health, relationships between housing types and health conditions are understudied. This study aimed to assess the ...relationship between housing types and metabolic and weight phenotypes using data from the 2014 to 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
A total of 9586 Korean adults (4128 men and 5458 women; mean age, 50.7 ± 16.5 years) were considered for this study. Four metabolic and weight phenotypes were created using presence/absence of metabolic syndrome and body mass index (<25 kg/m
for normal weight vs. ≥25 kg/m
for overweight).
Nonapartment residents were 1.23-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.42) more likely to have metabolically unhealthy and overweight phenotype compared to apartment residents, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, residence area, health behaviors, and nutritional information awareness. In a subgroup analysis, nonapartment living was associated with higher odds for the metabolically unhealthy and overweight phenotype than living in an apartment in individuals with the following characteristics: age <60 years, education ≥ college, second-third quartile income level, married, living in urban area, alcohol <16 drinks/week, noncurrent smokers, and aware of nutritional information.
Housing types may be an indicator for increased risk of metabolic and weight phenotypes in Korean adults and used to select high risk individuals. Uncontrolled confounding factors related to housing types, including property assets and environmental attributes, may contribute to the findings.
Abstract Background This study examined the distribution of the 10-year risk for development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD), and the proportion of ...participants eligible for lipid management, in the Korean population. Methods The risk was estimated using the Pooled Cohort Equations for non-Hispanic Whites and the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III equations. Eligibility for lipid-lowering treatment was assessed using the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Cholesterol Guideline and the ATP III recommendation. Complex sampling design and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) were used. Results Among 7594 ASCVD-free Korean adults, aged 40–79 years, 31.3% (men, 44.1%; women, 19%) had a 10-year risk for an ASCVD event of ≥ 7.5%, and 27.1% (men, 39.4%; women, 15.2%) had a 10-year risk for a CHD event of ≥ 10%. These proportions differed according to age groups, ranging from 6.1 to 91.9% and 8.7 to 58.7% for patients in their 40s–70s, using the ASCVD and CHD risk estimations, respectively. Overall, 78.7% of individuals remain in the same risk stratum. Those eligible for lipid management included 32.8% of the participants using the ACC/AHA Guideline and 11.9% of those using the ATP III recommendation. In discriminating ASCVD, AUCs for the ASCVD risk assessment method and the CHD risk assessment method were 0.70 and 0.64, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions The distribution of 10-year ASCVD and CHD risk was different according to the risk assessment methods.
2D InSe is one of the semimetal chalcogenides that has been recently given attention thanks to its excellent electrical properties, such as high mobility near 1000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and moderate band gap ...of ≈1.26 eV suitable for IR detection. Here, high‐performance visible to near‐infrared (470–980 nm wavelength (λ)) photodetectors using surface‐doped InSe as a channel and few‐layer graphenes (FLG) as electrodes are reported, where the InSe top region is relatively p‐doped using AuCl3. The surface‐doped InSe photodetectors show outstanding performance, achieving a photoresponsivity (R) of ≈19 300 A W−1 and a detectivity (D*) of ≈3 × 1013 Jones at λ = 470 nm, and R of ≈7870 A W−1 and D* of ≈1.5 × 1013 Jones at λ = 980 nm, superior to previously reported 2D material‐based IR photodetectors operating without an applied gate bias. Surface doping using AuCl3 renders a band bending at the junction between the InSe surface and the top FLG contact, which facilitates electron‐hole pair separation and immediate photodetection. Multiple doped or undoped InSe photodetectors with different device structures are investigated, providing insight into the photodetection mechanism and optimizing performance. Encapsulation with hexagonal boron nitride dielectric also allows for 3‐month stability.
High‐performance InSe photodetectors are demonstrated by surface doping via AuCl3 solution and possessing graphene as contacts on the top and bottom of the AuCl3‐doped InSe. The surface doping induces band bending at the junction between the InSe surface and the top graphene contact, which facilitates electron‐hole pair separation and immediate photodetection.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) arises from complex interactions between host genetic and environmental factors. Although it is now widely accepted that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host ...metabolism, current knowledge on the effect of host genetics on specific gut microbes related to MetS status remains limited. Here, we investigated the links among host genetic factors, gut microbiota and MetS in humans.
We characterised the gut microbial community composition of 655 monozygotic (n=306) and dizygotic (n=74) twins and their families (n=275), of which approximately 18% (121 individuals) had MetS. We evaluated the association of MetS status with the gut microbiota and estimated the heritability of each taxon. For the MetS-related and heritable taxa, we further investigated their associations with the apolipoprotein A-V gene (
) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs651821, which is known to be associated with triglyceride levels and MetS.
Individuals with MetS had a lower gut microbiota diversity than healthy individuals. The abundances of several taxa were associated with MetS status;
,
and
were enriched in the MetS group, whereas
,
and
were enriched in the healthy group. Among the taxa associated with MetS status, the phylum Actinobacteria, to which
belongs, had the highest heritability (45.7%). Even after adjustment for MetS status, reduced abundances of Actinobacteria and
were significantly linked to the minor allele at the
SNP rs651821.
Our results suggest that an altered microbiota composition mediated by a specific host genotype can contribute to the development of MetS.
Bilayer graphene has a distinctive electronic structure influenced by a complex interplay between various degrees of freedom. We probed its chemical potential using double bilayer graphene ...heterostructures, separated by a hexagonal boron nitride dielectric. The chemical potential has a nonlinear carrier density dependence and bears signatures of electron-electron interactions. The data allowed a direct measurement of the electric field–induced bandgap at zero magnetic field, the orbital Landau level (LL) energies, and the broken-symmetry quantum Hall state gaps at high magnetic fields. We observe spin-to-valley polarized transitions for all half-filled LLs, as well as emerging phases at filling factors ν = 0 and ν = ±2. Furthermore, the data reveal interaction-driven negative compressibility and electron-hole asymmetry in N = 0, 1 LLs.
The association between forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
1
) and bone mineral density (BMD) is heterogeneous in population-based studies. This study aimed to investigate this relationship when ...sex and menopausal status in women, BMD sites, and anthropometric measures were taken into account. In 3,975 Koreans (1,783 men, 662 premenopausal women, 1,530 postmenopausal women, aged 40–91 years) participating in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010–2011, this relationship for BMD at femur (total and neck) and lumbar spine was examined in each subgroup after adjusting for age, smoking, and alcohol habit, physical activity, calcium intake, osteoporosis treatment, and anthropometry (weight and height, height and BMI, or height, lean mass, and fat mass). Airflow limitation (FEV
1
≥ 80, 50–80, and < 50 % of predicted FEV
1
) and lower vs. higher BMD using BMD values at site and subgroup-specific 10 percentile of BMD distribution were defined. In multiple regression analysis, the association between FEV
1
and BMD was significant in premenopausal women
B
= 0.027–0.031 (total femur), 0.035–0.037 (femoral neck),
p
< 0.05 but not in other subgroups. In logistic regression analysis, severe airflow limitation was associated with lower BMD in postmenopausal women OR 2.21–2.37 (total femur), 2.25 (femoral neck),
p
< 0.05 and premenopausal women (OR 2.14, 95 % CI, 1.01–4.50 for femoral neck in height and body composition-adjusted model), but not exhibit these associations in men. As a whole, the associations with spine BMD were non-significant. Therefore, the associations were sex-, menopausal status in women-, and BMD site-specific, while the types of anthropometry had similar effects on the associations.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of 'metabolically obese, but normal-weight' (MONW) and 'metabolically healthy, but obese' (MHO) phenotypes in Korean adults and identify the ...characteristics and health behaviors related to both phenotypes. Of the 5267 participants (2227 men, 3040 women) from the 3rd Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the MONW phenotype (8.7% of total subjects, 12.7% of normal-weight subjects) was defined as individuals of normal weight (BMI < 25) with the metabolic syndrome (MS), and the MHO phenotype (15.2% of total subjects, 47.9% of obese subject) was defined as obese individuals (BMI greater than or equal to 25) without the MS. The odds ratio for MONW phenotype was significantly higher for those at older age, those with lower education, those who had moderate alcohol consumption, and time spent participating in moderate-intensity exercise. The odds ratio for MHO phenotype was significantly lower for those at older age, men, those with lower education, and former/current smokers. In conclusion, regardless of weight status, health behaviors should be modified to prevent MS.
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