This research aimed (1) to examine the agreement between body mass index (BMI)-based nutritional status and perceived nutritional status overall and by socio-demographic factors and (2) to state the ...association between the accuracy of weight perception and weight control practices in the Chilean adult population. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 5,192 Chilean adult participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017. Agreement between BMI-based weight status and body weight perception for the total sample and across subgroups was determined using the weighted kappa coefficient. The agreement between BMI-based and perceived nutritional status of the total sample was fair (kappa = 0.38). A higher rate of weight perception accuracy was identified in women, younger respondents, and participants with higher education, a higher income, and from urban areas than their counterparts. Respondents with overweight or obesity tended to underestimate their nutritional status. Actions to lose weight were higher in those who had the right perception of their overweight/obesity condition and those who overestimated their body weight, regardless of their nutritional status. In all groups, weight loss behaviors were more related to the perceived than the BMI-based nutritional status. The consequences of accurate perception of the nutritional status are discussed including its effects on body weight and mental health.
The factors that make physically active older people feel more satisfied in adulthood have not been extensively studied. For this reason, the aim of this work has been to evaluate, among physically ...active older adults, whether the level of physical activity they perform and the factors that foster their quality of life can be predictors of their satisfaction with life. For this, the IPAQ, CUBRECAVI and LSI-A scales were applied to a sample of 397 people between 61 and 93 years old (M = 69.65, SD = 4.71). The results show that health (β = 0.373), functional abilities (β = 0.159) and environmental quality (β = 0.105) are predictors of satisfaction in the most active adults. In conclusion, neither physical activity (to a greater or lesser extent) nor income are predictive variables of satisfaction with life but, rather, predict some of the components that cement their quality of life (health, fending for themselves and the home environment).
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent widely used in health care and consumer products. This compound is present in sludge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and because of its bactericidal ...characteristics, it can inhibit the methanogenic activity in anaerobic digestion (AD) technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of TCS on the methanogenic activity.
Batch anaerobic reactors were used with TCS concentrations of 7.8, 15.7, 23.5, and 31.4 mg/L. These assays consisted in three successive feedings (I, II, and III), wherein the sludge was exposed to each TCS concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) substrate. For evaluation of the residual sludge activity during feeding III, only VFA was used. The results showed that the increase in TCS concentrations correlated with the reduction in methane (CH4) production. In this case, the minimum values were achieved for TCS concentration of 31.4 mg/L with CH4 levels between 101.9 and 245.3 during feedings I, II, and III. Regarding the effect of TCS on VFA consumption, an inhibitory effect was detected for TCS concentrations of 23.5 and 31.4 mg/L, with concentrations of acetic, butyric, and propionic acids at the end of the assay (37 d) between 153.6 and 206.8, 62.5 and 60.1, and 93.4 and 110 mg/L, respectively. Regarding the removal of TCS during AD, these values were above 47%.
TCS is an inhibitor of methanogenic activity with a decrease between 63 and 70% during the different feedings. The CH4 production was not recovered during feeding III, with inhibition percentages of 21–72%.
How to cite: Reyes-Contreras C, Leiva AM, Vidal G. Evaluation of triclosan toxic effects on the methanogenic activity. Electron J Biotechnol 2019;39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.03.006.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two ornamental plants in monoculture and polyculture horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands for treating wastewater. Two ...pilot-scale HSSF systems each with a surface area of 4.5 m2 were operated over two years (2015 and 2016); a) one was planted with a mixture of Cyperus papyrus and Zantedeschia aethiopica (HSSF-Cyp/Zant), and b) the other was planted only with Cyperus papyrus (HSSF-Cyp). To compare the performance between monoculture and polyculture systems, in situ parameters and organic matter (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5)), total suspended solids (TSS), nutrients (total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP)) and pathogens (fecal coliform (FC) and total coliform (TC)) removal efficiencies were evaluated. Moreover, growth characteristics, biomass production and nutrients uptake of different plants used in HSSF systems were also compared. The removal efficiencies of organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients and pathogens during the operational years were above 60%, 90%, 10% and 1.8 Log most probable number (MPN)/100 mL, respectively, without significant differences between HSSF-Cyp/Zant and HSSF-Cyp. The biomass production and the density of both HSSF systems fluctuated between 19.7 and 21.5 kg dry weight (DW)/m2 and 454–684 individuals/m2. Regarding the nutrient content of different plants used, Zantedeschia aethiopica, which was planted in the polyculture system, had the highest TN and TP content in all plants tissues (59.6 g N/kg·DW and 8.28 g P/kg·DW, respectively). However, TN and TP mass balances determined that the effect of monoculture and polyculture systems was not significant. Despite these results, polyculture CWs represent a good alternative of treatment system because they provide social benefits to the community such the improving of the system landscape and a better habitat quality. Moreover, some authors reported that polyculture system enhance the resistance to environmental stress and disease and the system landscape.
The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) has been considered a suitable alternative for agriculture and for achieving water security and management. However, this practice may contribute to the ...dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment, a matter of global concern. The aim of this study is to discuss the reuse of TWW in agriculture under the perspective of the risks associated to ARGs dissemination. An exhaustive bibliographic research was conducted for determining the capacity of reducing ARG loads for different wastewater treatment technologies (conventional, non-conventional and advanced technologies). Moreover, the distribution of ARG elements in crops irrigated with TWW was also reviewed for discussing the potential health risks associated to the TWW reuse. Reduction of ARG loads in conventional, non-conventional and advanced treatments fluctuated between 1.1 and 4.1, 0.1–2.1 and 0.1–9.5 log units, respectively. These variable ranges indicate that operational parameters, plant design, and water quality are fundamental parameters determining their performance and their capacity to reduce ARG dissemination. In the case of ARG distribution in crops and soil irrigated by TWW, higher abundances were observed in soil than edible parts of crops with ranges between (− 0.7)—6.0 log copies/g of soil and (− 0.9)—5.6 log copies/g of soil, respectively. The occurrence of ARGs in crops may represent a relevant human exposure to ARG-harbouring bacteria and therefore, a potential human health risk that requires the establishment of safe procedures and legislation for assuring a safe reuse of TWW.
This systematic review aimed to assess the available evidence on the effects of neuromuscular training on physical performance in older adults. A literature search was conducted across four databases ...(Psychology and Behavioral (EBSCO), Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed). The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The PEDro scale and Cochrane risk of bias tool were used to assess the quality of and risk of bias in the studies, respectively. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42022319239). The outcomes were muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, postural balance and gait speed. From 610 records initially found, 10 were finally included in the systematic review, involving 354 older people with a mean age of 67.3 years. Nine of them reported significant changes in at least one variable related to physical performance in the intervention compared to the control groups. The neuromuscular training caused significant improvements in postural balance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, strength power of the upper and lower limbs and autonomy. The available evidence indicates that neuromuscular training has a positive effect on some variables of physical performance, especially in postural balance; however, the methodological quality and certainty of the evidence in the available literature are limited. Therefore, a greater number of high-quality studies are required to draw definitive conclusions.
Multimorbidity patterns can lead to differential risks for all-cause mortality. Within the Chilean context, research on morbidity and mortality predominantly emphasizes individual diseases or ...combinations thereof, rather than specific disease clusters. This study aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns, along with their associations with mortality, within a representative sample of the Chilean population. 3,701 participants aged ≥18 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010 were included in this prospective study. Multimorbidity patterns were identified from 16 chronic conditions and then classified using latent class analyses. All-cause mortality data were extracted from the Chilean Civil Registry. The association of classes with all-cause mortality was carried out using Cox proportional regression models, adjusting by sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Three classes were identified: a) Class 1, the healthiest (72.1%); b) Class 2, the depression/cardiovascular disease/cancer class (17.5%); and c) Class 3, hypertension/chronic kidney disease class (10.4%). Classes 2 and 3 showed higher mortality risk than the healthiest class. After adjusting, Class 2 showed 45% higher mortality risk, and Class 3 98% higher mortality risk, compared with the healthiest class. Hypertension appeared to be a critical underlying factor of all-cause morbidity. Particular combinations of chronic diseases have a higher excess risk of mortality than others.
FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL DESARROLLO DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 EN CHILE Petermann Rocha, Fanny; Celis-Morales, Carlos; Leiva, Ana María ...
Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral,
04/2018, Volume:
35, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
Antecedentes- La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) se ha duplicado en los últimos años a nivel mundial, en gran medida como consecuencia de la modificación de los estilos de vida de las ...personas. Existe muchos factores asociados al desarrollo de DMT2, sin embargo, es necesario identificar cuáles de estos factores tienen mayor o menor implicancia en población chilena. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este estudio fue Identificar qué factores sociodemográficos, de estilos de vida y salud tienen mayor implicancia con el riesgo de padecer DMT2 en Chile.Metodología: Estudio de prevalencia basado en los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010, a partir de una muestra de 4.700 personas (4.162 normales; 538 diabéticos). Se evaluaron factores sociodemográficos, antropométricos, de estilos de vida, salud y bienestar y variables metabólicas. La asociación entre los factores analizados y DMT2 se determinó mediante regresión logística.Resultados: Dentro de los principales factores de riesgo no modificables asociados a DMT2 se encuentra la edad ≥ 45 años, sexo femenino y antecedentes familiares de DMT2. Los factores de riesgo modificables más significativos fueron: hipertensión arterial, sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad central, inactividad física y alto nivel de sedentarismo.Conclusión: La identificación y control de los principales factores de riesgo modificables de DMT2, es clave para disminuir la prevalencia de esta patología y mejorar la calidad de vida de la población.
Introduction
Acute bronchiolitis is the main cause of hospitalization in children under 2 years of age, with a regular seasonality, mostly due to the respiratory syncytial virus.
Objectives
To ...describe the epidemiology of bronchiolitis hospitalizations in our center in the last 12 years, and analyze the changes in clinical characteristics, microbiology, and adverse outcomes during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.
Methods
Observational study including patients admitted for bronchiolitis between April 2010 and December 2021 in a Spanish tertiary paediatric hospital. Relevant demographic, clinical, microbiological, and adverse outcome variables were collected in an anonymized database. The pandemic period (April 2020 to December 2021) was compared to 2010−2015 seasons using appropriate statistical tests.
Results
There were 2138 bronchiolitis admissions, with a mean of 195.6 per year between 2010 and 2019 and a 2−4‐month peak between November and March. In the expected season of 2020, there was a 94.4% reduction of bronchiolitis hospitalizations, with only 11 cases admitted in the first year of the pandemic. Bronchiolitis cases increased from the summer of 2021 during a 6‐month long peak, reaching a total of 171 cases. Length of stay was significantly shorter during the pandemic, but no differences were found in clinical and microbiological characteristics or other adverse outcomes.
Conclusions
The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has modified the seasonality of bronchiolitis hospitalizations, with a dramatic decrease in cases during the expected season of 2020−2021, and an extemporaneous summer−autumn peak in 2021 with longer duration but similar patient characteristics and risk factors.
As the COVID-19 pandemic persists, infections continue to surge globally. Presently, the most effective strategies to curb the disease and prevent outbreaks involve fostering immunity, promptly ...identifying positive cases, and ensuring their timely isolation. Notably, there are instances where the SARS-CoV-2 virus remains infectious even after patients have completed their quarantine.
Understanding viral persistence post-quarantine is crucial as it could account for localized infection outbreaks. Therefore, studying and documenting such instances is vital for shaping future public health policies.
This study delves into a unique case of SARS-CoV-2 persistence in a 60-year-old female healthcare worker with a medical history of hypertension and hypothyroidism. The research spans 55 days, marking the duration between her initial and subsequent diagnosis during Chile's first COVID-19 wave, with the analysis conducted using RT-qPCR.
Genomic sequencing-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SARS-CoV-2 detected in both Nasopharyngeal swab samples (NPSs) was consistent with the 20B clade of the Nextstrain classification, even after a 55-day interval.
This research underscores the need for heightened vigilance concerning cases of viral persistence. Such instances, albeit rare, might be pivotal in understanding sporadic infection outbreaks that occur post-quarantine.
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