Accumulating evidence from observational studies have suggested an association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, due to that such ...studies are prone to biases, we imported Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore whether the causal association between two diseases exsit. Hence, we aimed to analysis the potential association with MR. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GERD were retrieved from the genome-wide association study dataset as the exposure. The SNPs of NAFLD were taken from the FinnGen dataset as the outcome. The relationship was analyzed with the assistance of inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median. We also uitilized the MR-Egger intercept, Cochran's Q test, leave-one-out analysis, MR-PRESSO, and Steiger directionality test to evaluate the robustness of the causal association. The meta-analysis were also implemented to give an overall evaluation. Finally, our analysis showed a causal relationship between GERD and NAFLD with aid of MR and meta-analysis (OR 1.71 95% CI 1.40-2.09; P < 0.0001).
This paper considers the relationship between the digital revolution and the income of rural households in China based on the difference-in-differences (DD) method. Using rich family survey data from ...the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018, I show that the digital revolution has a large positive effect on the income of rural households, an effect of approximately ¥1382 ($214) per year, which also applies for less-educated groups. My results can be explained by an increase in the frequency of internet use, especially in relation to work and business activities. The internet promotes China's rural transformation, such as increasing employment, entrepreneurship, and part-time work. In addition, the digital revolution has a direct impact on agricultural production income. This study highlights the importance of the digital revolution in reducing information costs, as it helps broaden channels for farmers to increase income and achieving inclusive regional growth.
•This paper finds that digital revolution has a significant effect on rural family income in China.•The digital revolution has a greater effect on low-income families.•The digital revolution can promote regional inclusive growth.•The reallocation effect of the job creation and the increasing efficiency of agricultural production play a role part in it.•My results provide a theoretical basis for developing countries to promote the construction of new infrastructure.
This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of global attractors for a class of degenerate parabolic equations with memory on
R
n
. Since the corresponding equation includes the ...degenerate term
div
{
a
(
x
)
∇
u
}
, it requires us to give appropriate assumptions about the weight function
a
(
x
)
for studying our problem. Based on this, we first obtain the existence of a bounded absorbing set, then verify the asymptotic compactness of a solution semigroup via the asymptotic contractive semigroup method. Finally, the existence and uniqueness of global attractors are proved. In particular, the nonlinearity
f
satisfies the polynomial growth of arbitrary order
p
−
1
(
p
≥
2
) and the idea of uniform tail-estimates of solutions is employed to show the strong convergence of solutions.
Nanopore technology emerges as an important experimental tool for monitoring chemical changes at molecular level, from nanopore blockade sensors for ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules to ...real-time DNA sequencing. The explosion of numerous studies on nanopore technology is primarily based on the easy access to changes on the characteristic current created by sensing the transport of molecules through nanopore or measuring specific interactions between analytes and active sites modified on the nanoscale hole. This review surveys that the biological nanopores have monitored biological and chemical processes at single-molecule level in real-time. Molecule-level chemical processes including self-assemble processes, structural changes, enzymatic reactions, and isomerization reactions are summarized. Bond-level chemical reactions such as coordination interactions and the formation and cleavage of covalent bonds are also discussed in detail.
•Introduce a rapid and lab-free single-molecule analytic strategy: nanopore technology.•Summarize representative works in detail of monitoring chemical processes with nanopore technology.•Self-assemble process, enzymatic reactions, and isomerization reactions monitored by nanopore technology were described.•The reversible forming and breaking of chemical bonds detected by nanopore technology was discussed in detail.
The presence of quantum coherence in light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) as a mechanism to understand the efficiency of the light-harvesting function in natural photosynthetic systems is still ...debated due to its structural complexity and weak-amplitude coherent oscillations. Here, we revisit the coherent dynamics and clarify different types of coherences in the energy transfer processes of LHCII using a joint method of the high-S/N transient grating and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. We find that the electronic coherence decays completely within 50 fs at room temperature. The vibrational coherences of chlorophyll a dominate over oscillations within 1 ps, whereas a low-frequency mode of 340 cm
with a vibronic mixing character may participate in vibrationally assisted energy transfer between chlorophylls a. Our results may suggest that vibronic mixing is relevant for rapid energy transfer processes among chlorophylls in LHCII.
Pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is an invasive and potentially fatal fungal infection, with Rhizopus microsporus (R. microsporus) being the most common pathogen. The routine therapy for this infection ...includes surgery and antifungal agents. However, the therapeutic effects of single agents are unsatisfactory due to the rapid progression of mucormycosis, while not all patients can tolerate surgery. Innovative treatment methods like combination therapy await validations of their clinical efficacy. We report a case of PM that was diagnosed via metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of black drainage fluid from the patient’s lung. The patient eventually recovered and was discharged after a combination therapy of oral isavuconazole, inhaled amphotericin B, and local perfusion of amphotericin B through bronchoscopy, which may be a promising strategy for the treatment of PM, especially for cases where surgery is not possible. A retrospective study of 297 cases in a literature review highlights the different treatment methods used in clinical practice.
Unlike the probe wavelength, which is spectrally resolved by monochromator, the excitation wavelength in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy is retrieved by means of Fourier transform of the ...interference signal introduced by the coherence delay time between the first and second excitation laser pulses. Hence, the calibration of delay lines would determine its accuracy. In this work, we showed that an inaccurate calibration factor of wedge-based delay line would result in a global peak shift and asymmetric spectral twists along the excitation axis. Both theoretical analysis and experiments have shown that such spectral distortions can be corrected by an accurately predetermined calibration factor. The relative accuracy of calibration factor reaches 3 × 10
in our setup. The dispersion effect of wedges also has been considered for the broadband excitation.
Work and heat in quantum CNOT gate operations Liang, Xian-Ting; Cheng, Jiong; Zhang, Wen-Zhao ...
The European physical journal. D, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics,
10/2021, Volume:
75, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In this paper, we derive the work and heat for two kinds of quantum bipartite systems: a closed one and an open one according to the scheme suggested in Ref. (Weimer et al. in EPL 83:30008, 2008). ...Then the results are used to investigate the evolution of the work and heat in a quantum CNOT gate operations. It is shown that the heat and work conversion cannot be performed in the closed quantum CNOT gate operations. However, the open quantum CNOT gate can be used to perform the conversion of heat and work. If at the beginning, a spin with a large energy-level difference has a greater probability of being in a highly excited state than the other, then the CNOT gate will work as a quantum engine, and if it is initially in highly excited states with a smaller probability than the other, the gate will work as a quantum refrigerator.
Graphic abstract
When an individual with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 is quarantined or isolated, the virus can linger for up to an hour in the air. We developed a mathematical model for COVID-19 by adding the ...point where a person becomes infectious and begins to show symptoms of COVID-19 after being exposed to an infected environment or the surrounding air. It was proven that the proposed stochastic COVID-19 model is biologically well-justifiable by showing the existence, uniqueness, and positivity of the solution. We also explored the model for a unique global solution and derived the necessary conditions for the persistence and extinction of the COVID-19 epidemic. For the persistence of the disease, we observed that Rs0>1, and it was noticed that, for Rs<1, the COVID-19 infection will tend to eliminate itself from the population. Supplementary graphs representing the solutions of the model were produced to justify the obtained results based on the analysis. This study has the potential to establish a strong theoretical basis for the understanding of infectious diseases that re-emerge frequently. Our work was also intended to provide general techniques for developing the Lyapunov functions that will help the readers explore the stationary distribution of stochastic models having perturbations of the nonlinear type in particular.
PDF
