China has established a complete industrial system to meet with both domestic and international demands, leading to massive natural resource consumption. It is therefore urgent to clarify the ...features of natural resource utilization in China. However, there is still a lack of a unified natural resources accounting framework on such issues. This study tries to measure embodied natural resource utilization in China for the period of 2002–2017 by combining exergetic analysis and input-output analysis, considering both primary resource inputs and environmental inputs. Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) was applied to identify corresponding driving factors. Results show that exergy equivalent of additional natural resource to treat environmental pollutants (3.07E+20–5.31E+20 Jex) was almost the same magnitude as natural resources use itself (2.98E+20–1.18E+21 Jex). Internal embodied natural resource of production sectors mainly came from intermediate inputs (66.60%–75.34%). Economic scale, labor efficiency and fixed asset investment intensity were the key positive driving factors, while final use level, fixed asset investment efficiency and natural resources intensity were the key negative driving factors. The production system in China had changed from a net exporter of embodied natural resources in 2002 (1.56E+19 Jex) to a net importer in 2017 (−3.38E+18 Jex). Natural resource intensity was the major positive factor for net exports, while trade structure was the major negative factor except 2007. In summary, this study provides valuable insights for making sector-specific policies to alleviate resource crisis, including appropriate policies, technological improvements, economic instruments, and capacity building.
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•Sectoral features of embodied natural resources use are clarified in China.•Both primary inputs and indirect environmental inputs are considered.•Exergy equivalent of natural resources required by pollutants was remarkable.•Economic scale, labor efficiency, and fixed asset investment intensity were key drivers to increase the total exergy.•Chinese production system changed from a net exporter to a net importer during 2002∼2017.
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•Global supply chain in terms of embodied carbon emissions is studied.•Intermediate trade of embodied carbon emissions is 2.3 times as much as final trade.•China’s carbon trade ...deficit is twice the trade surplus of the United States.•Mainland China’s final trade deficit is 1.2 times its intermediate trade deficit.•India’s embodied carbon emissions are projected to double from 2012 to 2040.
By differentiating intermediate trade from final trade, this paper combines typical statistics for the world economy in 2012 to explore the transfer of embodied carbon emissions via the global supply chain and the related trade imbalance. The emission transfer embodied in interregional trade is in magnitude around 40% of global direct carbon emissions. The global intermediate trade volume of embodied carbon emissions is estimated to be 2.3 times as much as the final trade volume. While Mainland China obtains a considerable economic trade surplus, its carbon trade deficit is about twice the carbon trade surplus of the United States. Mainland China’s final trade deficit is around 1.2 times as much as its intermediate trade deficit of embodied carbon emissions. EU27, the United States, ASEAN and Japan serve as the major contributors to China’s intermediate and final trade deficits. For the United States, its intermediate carbon trade surplus is almost equal to its final trade surplus. The United States gains a carbon surplus with most of its trading partners in both intermediate and final trades. A future scenario analysis in terms of carbon emission projection is conducted. While the direct and embodied carbon emissions of the United States and Japan are estimated to change slightly from 2012 to 2040, India’s carbon emissions are projected to experience a twofold increase during the period. In the long term, though with ups and downs, the economic globalization will be inevitably moving forward, leading to a highly sliced-up global supply chain and increasingly delicate regional specialization as well as frequent intermediate trade between regions. It is suggested that nations and regions should follow this trend and adapt themselves to the global value chain by carefully assessing their roles in intermediate and final trades in terms of both currency and embodied carbon emissions.
Abstract
Breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) is a complex rearrangement that leads to tumor malignancy. Existing models for detecting BFBs rely on the ideal BFB hypothesis, ruling out the possibility of ...BFBs entangled with other structural variations, that is,
complex BFBs
. We propose an algorithm Ambigram to identify complex BFB and reconstruct the rearranged structure of the local genome during the cancer subclone evolution process. Ambigram handles data from short, linked, long, and single-cell sequences, and optical mapping technologies. Ambigram successfully deciphers the gold- or silver-standard complex BFBs against the state-of-the-art in multiple cancers. Ambigram dissects the intratumor heterogeneity of complex BFB events with single-cell reads from melanoma and gastric cancer. Furthermore, applying Ambigram to liver and cervical cancer data suggests that the BFB mechanism may mediate oncovirus integrations. BFB also exists in noncancer genomics. Investigating the complete human genome reference with Ambigram suggests that the BFB mechanism may be involved in two genome reorganizations of
Homo Sapiens
during evolution. Moreover, Ambigram discovers the signals of recurrent foldback inversions and complex BFBs in whole genome data from the 1000 genome project, and congenital heart diseases, respectively.
Long-term monocultures have severely inhibited the cultivation of Chinese peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In this study, the effects of continuous cropping on soil chemical properties and microbial ...communities were investigated in peanut fields that had been in crop rotation for 10 years and in monoculture for 10 years. The results found that long-term monoculture increased the activities of available potassium, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, soil organic matter, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase; while decreasing the activity of catalase. The diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungi is higher under continuous peanut cultivation. At the genus level, the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microflora genera was higher in the rhizosphere soil of rotational cropping than in continuous cropping, while the opposite was true for the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic fungal genera. Principal coordinates and cluster analysis indicated that continuous cropping altered the structure of the microbial community. The results of the functional predictions showed significant differences in the functioning of the rhizosphere microbial community between continuous and rotational cropping. In conclusion, long-term continuous cropping changed the chemical properties of the soil, altered the structure and function of the soil bacterial and fungal communities in peanut rhizosphere, which to some extent reduced the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbial genera and increased the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic fungal genera, thus increasing the potential risk of soil-borne diseases and reducing the yield and quality of peanut. Therefore, in the actual production process, attention should be paid not only to the application of chemical fertilizers, but also to crop rotation and the application of microbial fertilizers.
Due to the complex visual environment, such as lighting variations, shadows, and limitations of vision, the accuracy of vacant parking slot detection for the park assist system (PAS) with a ...standalone around view monitor (AVM) needs to be improved. To address this problem, we propose a vacant parking slot detection method based on deep learning, namely VPS-Net. VPS-Net converts the vacant parking slot detection into a two-step problem, including parking slot detection and occupancy classification. In the parking slot detection stage, we propose a parking slot detection method based on YOLOv3, which combines the classification of the parking slot with the localization of marking points so that various parking slots can be directly inferred using geometric cues. In the occupancy classification stage, we design a customized network whose size of convolution kernel and number of layers are adjusted according to the characteristics of the parking slot. Experiments show that VPS-Net can detect various vacant parking slots with a precision rate of 99.63% and a recall rate of 99.31% in the ps2.0 dataset, and has a satisfying generalizability in the PSV dataset. By introducing a multi-object detection network and a classification network, VPS-Net can detect various vacant parking slots robustly.
Globalization has integrated nations into a world economy. Based on the world input-output database (WIOD), this paper explored the energy use of the world economy under a household-consumption-based ...MRIO (multi-region input-output) accounting scheme. Pertaining to normative economics, the household-consumption-based MRIO accounting scheme corresponds to the value judgement of household consumption being the ultimate driver of the economy, which complements existing accounting methods based on different viewpoints. The energy use associated with the internationally traded products is calculated to be around one-fifth of the global total energy consumption. For China as the largest exporter and also the biggest deficit economy in terms of energy use, its trade imbalance is nearly the summation of that of the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan and Germany. Energy self-sufficiency rates by supply and by demand are respectively proposed. While the United States economy as the largest importer maintains the majority of the energy welfare denoted by the onsite energy use at home, China exports large quantities of energy use abroad. For economies like Germany, South Korea and Taiwan, they could be regarded as hubs that export a considerable amount of energy use abroad and absorb massive energy use from outside simultaneously. For sustainable use of energy resources, economies are suggested to carefully identify their roles in the global trading network of energy use.
•The global energy use is explored from a household-consumption-based perspective.•The global trade volume of energy use is one-fifth of the total direct energy use.•China's trade imbalance of energy use is the sum of that of other major economies.•Energy sufficiency rates by supply and by demand are respectively proposed.•Policy implications are enunciated for sustained energy use of economies.
Copy number variation is crucial in deciphering the mechanism and cure of complex disorders and cancers. The recent advancement of scDNA sequencing technology sheds light upon addressing intratumor ...heterogeneity, detecting rare subclones, and reconstructing tumor evolution lineages at single-cell resolution. Nevertheless, the current circular binary segmentation based approach proves to fail to efficiently and effectively identify copy number shifts on some exceptional trails.
Here, we propose SCYN, a CNV segmentation method powered with dynamic programming. SCYN resolves the precise segmentation on in silico dataset. Then we verified SCYN manifested accurate copy number inferring on triple negative breast cancer scDNA data, with array comparative genomic hybridization results of purified bulk samples as ground truth validation. We tested SCYN on two datasets of the newly emerged 10x Genomics CNV solution. SCYN successfully recognizes gastric cancer cells from 1% and 10% spike-ins 10x datasets. Moreover, SCYN is about 150 times faster than state of the art tool when dealing with the datasets of approximately 2000 cells.
SCYN robustly and efficiently detects segmentations and infers copy number profiles on single cell DNA sequencing data. It serves to reveal the tumor intra-heterogeneity. The source code of SCYN can be accessed in https://github.com/xikanfeng2/SCYN .
Background Evidence on the association between visceral lipid accumulation and infertility remains limited and controversial. Therefore, the current investigation is the first investigation to unveil ...this correlation by utilizing novel indicators of visceral lipid accumulation. Methods The present study utilized the NHANES 2013-2020 dataset. Researchers utilized multiple logistic regression, smoothed curve fitting, and subgroup analysis to investigate the associations of waist circumference (WC), metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI) with infertility. Additionally, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm model was utilized to evaluate the relative importance of the factors. Results After adjusting for potential factors that could influence the results, researchers discovered that all these four indicators of visceral lipid accumulation exhibited strong positive correlations with the probability of infertility. The subgroup analysis demonstrated that the correlations remained consistent in the majority of subgroups (P for interaction > 0.05). The results of XGBoost algorithm model indicate that METS-VF is the most meaningful factor in infertility. The ROC curve research revealed that while METS-VF had the greatest AUC values, there was no variation in the AUC value of different markers of visceral fat accumulation (P > 0.05). Conclusions The present investigation discovered that increased WC, METS-VF, LAP, and VAI were associated with a heightened prevalence of infertility. Keywords: Lipid accumulation, Obesity, Infertility, Reproduction, NHANES
The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Enterobacter cloacae HG-1 isolated from saline-alkali soil. We further studied the effect of this strain on the ...salt tolerance of wheat and on the community structure of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in rhizosphere soil. We determined that the investigated strain had high nitrogen fixation activity and produced iron carriers, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, and plant hormones. The metabolites of this strain contained 2,3-butanediol, R-(R*, R*), 2-heptanone, and other growth-promoting and antibacterial substances. The strain was also highly salt-tolerant (10% NaCl). After the inoculation of wheat with the HG-1 strain, we recorded increases in root length, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight of 19.15%, 18.83%, 16.67%, and 17.96%, respectively, compared with uninoculated plants (P < 0.05). Compared with the leaves of uninoculated plants, the proline concentration in the leaves of inoculated plants increased by 12.43% (P < 0.05), the malondialdehyde level decreased by 27.26% (P < 0.05), K+ increased by 20.69%, Ca2+ increased by 57.53% and Na+ decreased by 31.43% (all P<0.05). Furthermore, we detected that inoculation with the HG-1 strain did not affect the species composition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in wheat rhizosphere soil at the phylum level. However, the average relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly increased, whereas the abundance of Verrucomiorobia was significantly decreased compared with uninoculated plants. At the genus level, we detected 32 genera in control samples and 27 genera in inoculated samples, and the species diversity and relative abundance of samples inoculated with the HG-1 strain decreased compared with uninoculated plants. Inoculated samples had lower abundances of Azospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, and Anabaena. Our study demonstrated that the inoculation of wheat with E. cloacae HG-1 could promote the growth of wheat under salt stress and increase salt stress tolerance. The results of this study investigating the interaction among soil, plants, and microorganisms supplement agricultural microbial databases and could provide a reference for the development of microbial-based saline soil improvement programs.
The effective capture and recovery of radioiodine species associated with nuclear fuel reprocessing is of significant importance in nuclear power plants. Porous materials have been proven to be one ...of the most effective adsorbents for the capture of radioiodine. In this work, we design and synthesize a series of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), namely, TPDA-TFPB CMP, TPDA-TATBA CMP, and TPDA-TECHO CMP, which are constructed based on a planar rectangular 4-connected organic monomer and three triangular 3-connected organic monomers, respectively. The resultant CMPs are characterized using various characterization techniques and used as effective adsorbents for iodine capture. Our experiments indicated that the CMPs exhibit excellent iodine adsorption capacities as high as 6.48, 6.25, and 6.37 g g
at 348 K and ambient pressure. The adsorption mechanism was further investigated and the strong chemical adsorption between the iodine and the imine/tertiary ammonia of the CMPs, 3D network structure with accessible hierarchical pores, uniform micromorphology, wide π-conjugated structure, and high-density Lewis-base sites synergistically contribute to their excellent iodine adsorption performance. Moreover, the CMPs demonstrated good recyclability. This work provides guidance for the construction of novel iodine adsorbent materials with high efficiency in the nuclear power field.
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