Phylloporia, a wood-inhabiting fungal genus, has been used as an anti-inflammatory food taken in the form of tea in Shandong Province, China. The species used in folklore have been clarified as ...Phylloporia fontanesiae and P. lonicerae. To promote the utilization of Phylloporia and its benefit to human health, sources, medicinal metabolites and functions, safety, and commercial potentials are summarized in this review. The fruiting bodies are the most acceptable sources of Phylloporia, but their shortage makes fermented mycelia a good alternative. Polysaccharides, sterols, acidic components, styryl compounds and polychlorinated compounds are the most well-studied medicinal metabolites extracted from Phylloporia. The main medicinal functions revealed from Phylloporia include antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, neuroprotection, prevention of diabetes and its complications, and antimicrobial activity. The safety of Phylloporia has been demonstrated by experimenting for acute and subchronic oral toxicity of fermented mycelia on animals. A large number of patents even if some are being examined have indicated the commercial potentials of Phylloporia. In the future, increased efforts regarding species identification, artificial cultivation and multi-omics data will contribute to the deeper exploration of the medicinal potential of Phylloporia.
Highlights • Fundus image analysis provides great potentials for automatic cataract diagnosis. • Ensemble learning is exploited for combining multiple models to improve the performance. • Three ...independent feature sets, i.e., wavelet, sketch, and texture based features, are utilized. • Two base learning models, i.e., Support Vector Machine and Back Propagation Neural Network, are investigated in the ensemble approach. • The experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms single model significantly.
Humidity and temperature control materials have attracted increasing attention due to their energy saving and intelligent regulation of human comfort in the field of interior building and clothing. ...Phase change microcapsules have been widely used, however, most of which focus on temperature regulation without humidity control. In this work, we report a novel temperature-humidity dual regulation microcapsule with single-core-double-shell structure. FT-IR and XRD measurements confirmed that the shell materials were successfully fabricated on the paraffin core
via
electrostatic-assembly and the subsequent chemical precipitation method. SEM, TEM and optical microscope photos showed that the microcapsules were spherical morphology with layer-by-layer shells at a diameter around 2-5 μm. The SiO
2
shell was aggregated from nano-sized particles and formed a loose and porous micro-structure, supported by the result of N
2
adsorption-desorption isotherms. In addition, the synergistic effect of hydrophilic and porous loose (chitosan/GO/chitosan)-SiO
2
double shells endowed the microcapsules with humidity regulation. The constructed microcapsules showed temperature regulation behavior due to its phase change performance of paraffin and good thermal durability after 10 thermal cycles. They also showed stable humidity regulation performance after repeated adsorption/desorption. The simulation experiments of temperature and humidity regulation indicated that the microcapsule could keep the temperature and humidity in a stable range. The as-prepared microcapsules have outstanding temperature and humidity regulation properties, showing an application prospects in energy-saving fields.
A single-core-double-shell microcapsule with temperature-humidity dual regulation was achieved by artfully designing of core and shell to realize the multi-functional and multi-factors regulation.
The stereochemistry of chiral-at-metal complexes is much more abundant, albeit complicated, than chiral-at-carbon compounds, but how to make use of stereolabile metal-centers remains a formidable ...challenge due to the highly versatile coordination geometry of metal ions and racemization/epimerization problem. We demonstrate herein a stepwise assembly of configurationally stable Pd6(FeL3)828+ (Δ/Λ-MOCs-42) homochiral octahedral cages from unstable D 3-symmetry tris-chelate-Fe type metalloligands via strong face-directed stereochemical coupling and facile chiral-induced resolution processes based on stereodifferentiating host–guest dynamics. Kinetic studies reveal that the dissociation rate of MOC-42 cages is 100-fold slower than that of Fe-metalloligands and the racemization is effectively inhibited, making the cages retain their chirality over extended periods of time (>5 months) at room temperature. Recyclable enantioseparation of atropisomeric compounds has been successfully achieved, giving up to 88% ee.
A “turn-on” inverse opal photonic crystal fluorescent sensing film infiltrated with a coumarin derivative is reported for the reliable and accurate detection of cysteine in human serum and ...fluorescence imaging of living cells. The coumarin derivative containing allyl ester specifically reacts with cysteine by ammonolysis to generate a fluorescent product whose emission wavelength is at ~ 535 nm, providing a selective fluorescence detection for cysteine. The emitted fluorescence is significantly enhanced due to the slow photon effect derived from the photonic crystal film. This is because the emission wavelength is overlapped with the blue-band edge of the photonic stopband of the selected inverse opal film. The fluorescence enhancement effect endows the prepared inverse opal film with highly sensitive detection with a limit of detection of 3.23 × 10
−9
mol/L and a wide linear detection range of 1 × 10
−7
− 1 × 10
−3
mol/L. A fast response within 30 s toward cysteine is also achieved due to the three-dimensional interconnected macroporous structure with a high-specific surface area of the inverse opal film. The prepared inverse opal fluorescent sensing film has been successfully applied to the detection of cysteine in human serum and bioimaging of living cells. In the diluted human serum, the recoveries for the detection of cysteine were 97.92 − 107.20%, and the relative standard deviations were 2.61–9.04%, demonstrating the potential applicability of the inverse opal fluorescent sensing film to real sample analysis. The method may provide a universal strategy for constructing various photonic crystal fluorescent sensing films by using different fluorescent probes.
Graphical Abstract
Summary
Background and Aims
We aimed to define gender‐specific, optimal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) cut‐off values for the prediction of significant liver histological changes (SLHC) in Chinese ...patients with grey zone (GZ) chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and normal ALT.
Methods
In a retrospective study, we included 1101 consecutive patients with GZ CHB and normal ALT assigned to training or internal validation cohorts. We included an independent cohort of 842 patients for external validation. We performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, smoothed curve fitting, and threshold effect analyses to determine optimal ALT cut‐off values. Area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated to assess their predictive performance.
Results
A proportion of 79.3% of patients with GZ CHB and normal ALT (≤40 U/L) had SLHC. ROC curve analysis initially identified optimal ALT cut‐off values of 29 U/L (male) and 22 U/L (female). After smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analyses, new optimal cut‐off values were 27 U/L for males and 24 U/L for females. AUCs for these values were 0.836 (male) and 0.833 (female) in the internal validation cohort, and 0.849 (male) and 0.844 (female) in the external validation cohort. The accuracy and discriminative ability of the newly defined ALT cut‐off values were greater than those of the current recommendations.
Conclusion
This study established novel optimal ALT cut‐off values for more precise prediction of SLHC among Chinese patients with GZ CHB and normal ALT levels. This may help identify individuals who will benefit from timely antiviral therapy.
1101 antiviral treatment naïve CHB patients in the grey zone (GZ) with normal ALT 1.60.1%‐79.3% in GZ CHB patient groups with different upper limits of normal (ULNs) for ALT have SLHC 2. The new optimal ALT cut‐offs to predict SLHC were 27U/L (male) and 24U/L (female).
•A computer-aided healthcare system for cataract classification and grading based on fundus image analysis is proposed. It provides great potential to reduce the burden of the well-experienced ...ophthalmologists (the scarce resources) and enable the large scale cataract screening.•An experimental study on exploiting fundus image for cataract classification and grading is described, where two feature extraction methods, based respectively on the wavelet transformation and the sketch with discrete cosine transformation, are investigated.•A pilot study is described for the application of the proposed approach in a real-world usage scenario, which can serve as an important reference for the development of similar health information system for enhanced medical care.
This paper presents a fundus image analysis based computer aided system for automatic classification and grading of cataract, which provides great potentials to reduce the burden of well-experienced ophthalmologists (the scarce resources) and help cataract patients in under-developed areas to know timely their cataract conditions and obtain treatment suggestions from doctors. The system is composed of fundus image pre-processing, image feature extraction, and automatic cataract classification and grading. The wavelet transform and the sketch based methods are investigated to extract from fundus image the features suitable for cataract classification and grading. After feature extraction, a multiclass discriminant analysis algorithm is used for cataract classification, including two-class (cataract or non-cataract) classification and cataract grading in mild, moderate, and severe. A real-world dataset, including fundus image samples with mild, moderate, and severe cataract, is used for training and testing. The preliminary results show that, for the wavelet transform based method, the correct classification rates of two-class classification and cataract grading are 90.9% and 77.1%, respectively. The correct classification rates of two-class classification and cataract grading are 86.1% and 74.0% for the sketch based method, which is comparable to the wavelet transform based method. The pilot study demonstrates that our research on fundus image analysis for cataract classification and grading is very helpful for improving the efficiency of fundus image review and ophthalmic healthcare quality. We believe that this work can serve as an important reference for the development of similar health information system to solve other medical diagnosis problems.
Basidioradulum was morphologically considered to be a synonym of Xylodon. Here, its independence within Hymenochaetales is confirmed from a phylogenetic perspective. Basidioradulum radula, the ...generic type, is widely distributed in Northern Hemisphere. Two Southern Hemisphere species close to B. radula are newly described as B. mayi and B. tasmanicum, respectively, from Victoria and Tasmania, Australia. Basidioradulum mayi differs from B. radula by lack of cystidia. Moreover, the hymenial surface of B. radula is normally much more strongly hydnoid than that of B. mayi. Basidioradulum tasmanicum is distinct from B. radula and B. mayi by having capitate cystidia, ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores, and crystal-covered hyphae. Although morphologically distinct, the two new species isolated by Bass Strait have an almost identical ITS region, and could not be differentiated by nLSU- and ITS-based phylogenetic analyses. This case reminds us that basing phylogeny simply on the ITS as a barcode region may underestimate fungal species diversity.
Despite a continuously growing interest in the integration of coordination polymer (CP) colloids toward functional materials, collective properties of the CP colloids have rarely been addressed ...mainly due to the difficulty in assembling pure CP colloids into superstructures with impressive mechanical strength. We demonstrated that CP nanoplates could stack together spontaneously upon drying the slurry of the nanoplates. The stacked CP nanoplates could work like polymeric adhesives. Versatile articles could be glued when the CP nanoplates were sandwiched between two substrates. In addition, the CP nanoplates themselves could form well-defined bulk structures without using any additional adhesives. The anisotropic shape together with the lamellar stacking way of the CP nanoplates were found to be the key points in leading to the adhesion and cohesion effect. The reasonable adhesion strength of the CP nanoglues can allow the exploration of further applications of integrated CP colloids in the future.
Hyperthermia may accentuate the detrimental consequences of brain injury and worsen the outcome of patients with acute head trauma, especially severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We explored the ...effect of different magnitudes and durations of hyperthermia in the first 3 days after injury on the outcome of 7145 patients with acute head trauma, including 1626 with severe TBI. The differences in mortality and unfavorable outcome between the normothermia group, mild fever group, moderate fever group, and high fever group were statistically significant (p<0.001). The mortality and unfavorable outcome of severe TBI patients in the groups also differed significantly (p<0.001). The mortality and unfavorable outcome of patients with 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days of high fever were significantly increased (p<0.01). Our data strongly indicate that both degree and duration of early post-trauma hyperthermia are closely correlated with the outcome of acute TBI patients, especially severely injured ones, which indicates that hyperthermia may play a detrimental role in the delayed mechanisms of damage after acute TBI. Prevention of early hyperthermia after acute head trauma is therefore essential to the management of TBI patients.
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