In this paper, we introduce the concept of infinitely split Nash equilibrium in repeated games in which the profile sets are chain-complete posets. Then by using a fixed point theorem on posets in ...(J. Math. Anal. Appl. 409:1084–1092,
2014
), we prove an existence theorem. As an application, we study the repeated extended Bertrant duopoly model of price competition.
Organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials exhibiting reversible changes in optical properties upon exposure to external stimuli have shown great potential in diverse optoelectronic ...fields. Particularly, dynamic manipulation of response behaviors for such materials is of fundamental significance, but it remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a series of RTP polymers were prepared by incorporating phosphorescent rotors into polymer backbone, and these materials show color-tunable persistent luminescence upon excitation at different wavelengths. Experimental results and theoretical calculations revealed that the various molecular conformations of monomers are responsible for the excitation wavelength-dependent (Ex-De) RTP behavior. Impressively, after gaining insights into the underlying mechanism, dynamic control of Ex-De RTP behavior was achieved through thermal energy driven molecular rotations of monomers. Eventually, we demonstrate the practical applications of these amorphous polymers in anti-counterfeiting areas. These findings open new opportunities for the control of response behaviors of smart-responsive RTP materials through external stimuli rather than conventional covalent modification method.
The classification of the economically important genus Prunus L. sensu lato (s.l.) is controversial due to the high levels of convergent or the parallel evolution of morphological characters. In the ...present study, phylogenetic analyses of fifteen main segregates of Prunus s.l. represented by eighty‐four species were conducted with maximum parsimony and Bayesian approaches using twelve chloroplast regions (atpB‐rbcL, matK, ndhF, psbA‐trnH, rbcL, rpL16, rpoC1, rps16, trnS‐G, trnL, trnL‐F and ycf1) and three nuclear genes (ITS, s6pdh and SbeI) to explore their infrageneric relationships. The results of these analyses were used to develop a new, phylogeny‐based classification of Prunus s.l. Our phylogenetic reconstructions resolved three main clades of Prunus s.l. with strong supports. We adopted a broad‐sensed genus, Prunus, and recognised three subgenera corresponding to the three main clades: subgenus Padus, subgenus Cerasus and subgenus Prunus. Seven sections of subgenus Prunus were recognised. The dwarf cherries, which were previously assigned to subgenus Cerasus, were included in this subgenus Prunus. One new section name, Prunus L. subgenus Prunus section Persicae (T. T. Yü & L. T. Lu) S. L. Zhou and one new species name, Prunus tianshanica (Pojarkov) S. Shi, were proposed.
In this paper, we first improve the influence propagation model by combining sentiment analysis and propose a new algorithm for node activation probability. Sentiment shift is the dynamic change of ...node attributes during the propagation of movie and television works. The algorithm for node activation probability has been further improved, and a model for influence propagation applicable to dynamic networks has been proposed. Finally, based on the data of the YouTube Internet platform, this paper analyzes the awareness of overseas audiences on Chinese film and television types, popular elements, publicity methods and domestic and foreign box office from 2010 to 2019. The findings indicate that 0.7379, 0.7031, and 0.5596 foreign viewers believe that three Chinese film and television genres, palace fighting, romance, and youth, are the most popular. Although there are still more than 0.42 million overseas viewers who prefer martial arts genres, they are in a downward stage compared to before. In terms of publicity, more than 0.91 percent of them believe that online social networking areas and chat groups for movie and TV enthusiasts are the most effective forms of publicity. Therefore, this study is an important reference for the development of communication strategies.
Let
X
be a real uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space and
C
a nonempty closed and convex subset of
X
. Let
P
C
:
X
→
C
denote the (standard) metric projection operator. In this paper, ...we define the G
a
^
teaux directional differentiability of
P
C
. We investigate some properties of the G
a
^
teaux directional differentiability of
P
C
. In particular, if
C
is a closed ball or a closed and convex cone (including proper closed subspaces), then, we give the exact representations of the directional derivatives of
P
C
.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can enhance plant stress resistance by regulating the expression of functional genes. Sweet sorghum is a salt-tolerant energy crop. However, little is known about how ...lncRNAs in sweet sorghum respond to salt stress. In this study, we identified 126 and 133 differentially expressed lncRNAs in the salt-tolerant M-81E and the salt-sensitive Roma strains, respectively. Salt stress induced three new lncRNAs in M-81E and inhibited two new lncRNAs in Roma. These lncRNAs included lncRNA13472, lncRNA11310, lncRNA2846, lncRNA26929, and lncRNA14798, which potentially function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that influence plant responses to salt stress by regulating the expression of target genes related to ion transport, protein modification, transcriptional regulation, and material synthesis and transport. Additionally, M-81E had a more complex ceRNA network than Roma. This study provides new information regarding lncRNAs and the complex regulatory network underlying salt-stress responses in sweet sorghum.
The infrared spectral radiance of O2 is of great significance for space-based infrared detection. In this work, based on the demand for near-infrared spectral radiance of O2 limb detection, a method ...of spectral radiance calculation coupled with an atmospheric remote sensing model of limb detection is proposed. According to the selection criteria of fine spectral lines, the most suitable spectral lines of the O2 1.27 μm band for detection are given. Specifically, the limb infrared radiances of the O2 1.27 μm band were simulated by using the spectral line data from the spectral database, and the effects of molecular self-absorption were also considered. Furthermore, the infrared spectral radiance distribution of the O2 1.27 μm band was simulated under the influence of altitude, and finally, the detectability of the 1.27 μm band of O2 molecules was analyzed using the criteria of spectral line selection, radiance intensity, spectral separation range and temperature sensitivity. The calculation results show that the spectral radiance of the 1.27 μm band of O2 molecules first increases and then decreases with the decrease of the limb height, and the radiance reaches the peak value in the range of 40–50 km. In terms of the selection of spectral lines, the two groups of spectral lines R7R7, R7Q8 and R11R11, R11Q12 are most suitable for the limb detection and measurement of the O2 1.27 μm band.
In this paper, we prove the solution map of the Cauchy problem of Camassa–Holm type equations depends continuously on the initial data in nonhomogeneous Besov spaces in the sense of Hadamard by using ...the Littlewood–Paley theory and the method introduced by Kato 37 and Danchin 21.
Wine grapes are usually harvested in vineyards when they ripen. However, not all of the berries in a vineyard ripen homogeneously because of different microclimates around the clusters and berries. ...In this study, the influence of berry heterogeneity on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of grapes and wines under a continental monsoon climate was evaluated for a new wine grape cultivar Meili (Vitis vinifera L.). The total phenolic, flavonoid, flavanol, and monomeric anthocyanin contents in the skin and wine significantly increased with grape density; however, there was no significant difference in the seeds between the two lower densities. The highest values of DPPH free radical-scavenging activity, cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity, and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity in the skin, seed and wine were detected for the densest berries. The sum of individual phenolic compounds in skin, seed and wine increased with berry density, though no significant difference for skin was observed between the two higher density classes. Hence, the chemical components of Meili grapes and wines were positively associated with the berry density at harvest under the continental monsoon climate.
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