Methylene blue dye is easy to obtain in developing countries and can be used in sentinel lymph node mapping for breast cancer. However, the accuracy of methylene blue alone for sentinel lymph node ...mapping in breast cancer has not been well defined. In this study, we collected data to assess the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy mapped with methylene blue alone in patients with breast cancer.
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1, 1993, to March 31, 2018. Selected studies had to have a defined group of patients with breast cancer in which MBD alone was used as the mapping technique for SNB.
18 studies were included in this study. The combined identification rate was 91% 95% confidence interval (CI): 88%-94%, I2 = 68.3%, and the false negative rate was 13% (95% CI: 9%-18%, I2 = 36.7%). The pooled sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy rate were 87% (95% CI: 82%-91%, I2 = 37.5%), 91% (95% CI: 87%-93%, I2 = 32.4%) and 94% (95% CI: 92%-96%, I2 = 29%), respectively.
This meta-analysis found that mapping sentinel lymph node locations with methylene blue dye alone results in an acceptable identification rate but an excessive false negative rate according to the American Society of Breast Surgeons' recommendations. Caution is warranted when using methylene blue dye alone as the mapping method for sentinel lymph node biopsy.
With the increased use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer, the timing of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become increasingly important. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ...feasibility and accuracy of SLNB for initially clinically node-negative breast cancer after NAC by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from January 1, 1993 to November 30, 2015 for studies on initially clinically node-negative breast cancer patients who underwent SLNB after NAC followed by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).
A total of 1,456 patients from 16 studies were included in this review. The pooled identification rate (IR) for SLNB was 96% 95% confidence interval (CI): 95%-97%, and the false negative rate (FNR) was 6% (95% CI: 3%-8%). The pooled sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy rate (AR) were 94% (95% CI: 92%-97%, I2 = 27.5%), 98% (95% CI: 98%-99%, I2 = 42.7%) and 99% (95% CI: 99%-100%, I2 = 32.6%), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, no significant differences were found in either the IR of an SLNB when different mapping methods were used (P = 0.180) or in the FNR between studies with and without immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining (P = 0.241).
Based on current evidence, SLNB is technically feasible and accurate enough for axillary staging in initially clinically node-negative breast cancer patients after NAC.
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient of organism and has important function. It participates in the functions of selenoprotein in several manners. In recent years, Se has attracted much ...attention because of its therapeutic potential against several diseases. Many natural and synthetic organic Se-containing compounds were studied and explored for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Studies have showed that incorporation of Se atom into small molecules significantly enhanced their bioactivities. In this paper, according to different applications and structural characteristics, the research progress and therapeutic application of Se-containing compounds are reviewed, and more than 110 Se-containing compounds were selected as representatives which showed potent activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antifibrolytic, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and central nervous system related effects. This review is expected to provide a basis for further study of new promising Se-containing compounds.
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•This article provides a comprehensive overview of Selenium-containing compounds mainly reported in recent five years.•The chemical structures, biological activities and therapeutic potential are comprehensively analyzed.•Many novel Se-containing compounds are firstly summarized and show various pharmacological activities.
Microneedle arrays (MA) have been extensively investigated in recent decades for transdermal drug delivery due to their pain-free delivery, minimal skin trauma, and reduced risk of infection. ...However, porous MA received relatively less attention due to their complex fabrication process and ease of fracturing. Here, we present a titanium porous microneedle array (TPMA) fabricated by modified metal injection molding (MIM) technology. The sintering process is simple and suitable for mass production. TPMA was sintered at a sintering temperature of 1250°C for 2 h. The porosity of TPMA was approximately 30.1% and its average pore diameter was about 1.3 μm. The elements distributed on the surface of TPMA were only Ti and O, which may guarantee the biocompatibility of TPMA. TPMA could easily penetrate the skin of a human forearm without fracture. TPMA could diffuse dry Rhodamine B stored in micropores into rabbit skin. The cumulative permeated flux of calcein across TPMA with punctured skin was 27 times greater than that across intact skin. Thus, TPMA can continually and efficiently deliver a liquid drug through open micropores in skin.
When the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used for aerial spraying, the downwash airflow generated by the UAV rotor will interact with the crop canopy and form a conical vortex shape in the crop ...plant. The size of the vortex will directly affect the outcome of the spraying operation. Six one-way spraying were performed by the UAV in a rice field with different but random flying altitude and velocities within the optimal operational range to form different vortex patterns. The spraying reagent was clear water, which was collected by water sensitive paper (WSP), and then the WSP was analyzed to study the droplets deposition effects in different vortex states. The results showed that the formation of the vortex significantly influenced the droplet deposition. To be specific, the droplet deposition amount in the obvious-vortex (OV) state was about 1.5 times of that in the small-scale (SV) vortex state, and 7 times of that in the non-vortex (NV) state. In the OV state, the droplets mainly deposited directly below and on both sides of the route. The deposition amount, coverage rate and droplet size increased from top to bottom of the crops with the deposition amount, coverage rate, and volume median diameter (VMD) ranging 0.204-0.470 μL/cm2, 3.31%-7.41%, and 306-367μm, respectively. In the SV state, droplets mainly deposited in the vortex area directly below the route. The deposition amount in the downwind direction was bigger than that in the upwind direction. The maximum of deposition amount, coverage rate and droplet size were found in the middle layer of the crops, the range are 0.177-0.334μL/cm2, 2.71%-5.30%, 295-370μm, respectively. In the NV state, the droplet mainly performed drifting motion, and the average droplet deposition amount in the downwind non-effective region was 29.4 times of that in the upwind non-effective region and 8.7 times of the effective vortex region directly below the route. The maximum of deposition amount, coverage rate and droplet size appeared in the upper layer of the crop, the range are 0.006-0.132μL/cm2, 0.17%-1.82%, 120-309μm, respectively, and almost no droplet deposited in the middle and lower part of the crop. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the droplet deposition amount was less than 40% in the state of obvious-vortex and small-scale vortex, and the worst penetration appeared in the non-vortex amounting to 65.97%. This work offers a basis for improving the spraying performance of UAV.
As the first line of innate immune cells to migrate towards tumour tissue, neutrophils, can immediately kill abnormal cells and activate long-term specific adaptive immune responses. Therefore, the ...enzymes mediated elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) bioinspired by neutrophils can be a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we design a core-shell supramolecular hybrid nanogel via the surface phosphatase triggered self-assembly of oligopeptides around iron oxide nanoparticles to simulate productive neutrophil lysosomes. The cascade reaction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and chloroperoxidase (CPO) within the bioinspired nanogel can convert ROS in tumour tissue to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the subsequent singlet oxygen (
O
) species. Studies on both cells and animals demonstrate successful
O
-mediated cell/tumour proliferation inhibition, making this enzyme therapy capable for treating tumours without external energy activation.
•OsMTP11 is a TGN-localized Mn transporter.•A significant relocalization of OsMTP11 to the plasma membrane can be triggered by high extracellular Mn in tobacco epidermal cells.•Knockdown of OsMTP11 ...resulted in growth inhibition of rice in the presence of high concentrations of Mn.•Overexpression of OsMTP11 was found to enhance Mn tolerance in rice.
Metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) belong to the cation diffusion facilitator family (CDF) and have been implicated in metal transport and homeostasis in different plant species. Here we report on the rice gene OsMTP11 that encodes a putative CDF transporter that is homologous to members of the Mn-CDF cluster. The expression of OsMTP11 was found to enhance Mn tolerance in the Mn-sensitive yeast mutant pmr1. Knockdown of OsMTP11 resulted in growth inhibition in the presence of high concentrations of Mn, and also led to increased accumulation of Mn in the shoots and roots. The overexpression of OsMTP11 was found to enhance Mn tolerance in rice, and under supplementation with a toxic level of Mn, decreased Mn concentration was observed in the shoots and roots. Subcellular localization in rice protoplasts and tobacco epidermal cells revealed that OsMTP11 localizes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and a significant relocalization to the plasma membrane can be triggered by high extracellular Mn in tobacco epidermal cells. These findings suggest that OsMTP11 is a TGN-localized Mn transporter that is required for Mn homeostasis and contributes towards Mn tolerance in rice.
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure (BP) outside of a clinical setting is crucial for preventing and diagnosing hypertension related diseases. However, current continuous BP ...monitoring instruments suffer from either bulky systems or poor user-device interfacial performance, hampering their applications in continuous BP monitoring. Here, we report a thin, soft, miniaturized system (TSMS) that combines a conformal piezoelectric sensor array, an active pressure adaptation unit, a signal processing module, and an advanced machine learning method, to allow real wearable, continuous wireless monitoring of ambulatory artery BP. By optimizing the materials selection, control/sampling strategy, and system integration, the TSMS exhibits improved interfacial performance while maintaining Grade A level measurement accuracy. Initial trials on 87 volunteers and clinical tracking of two hypertension individuals prove the capability of the TSMS as a reliable BP measurement product, and its feasibility and practical usability in precise BP control and personalized diagnosis schemes development.
The microstructure, mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion (IGC) resistance of 2A14 aluminum alloy subjected to several non-isothermal aging (NIA) treatments have been investigated. When ...target aging temperature is 210 °C during NIA, the hardness at the heating rate of 10 °C/h are higher than that at the heating rate of 20 °C/h. A slight decline of hardness occurs when the temperature is beyond 200 °C during the heating stage of NIA process, while the hardness turns its step to improve at approximately 140 °C at the cooling stage. This is due to the mutual competition between the coarsening of precipitates and secondary precipitation during the cooling process. Compared with isothermal peak (T6) aging temper, The NIA process ((40–210, 10 °C/h) + (210–180, 20 °C/h)) makes the elongation and impact toughness of 2A14 aluminum alloy increase by 6.5% and 4.4%, respectively, while yield strength and fracture strength remain about the same. The co-precipitation of θ′ and Q′ precipitates can be observed for various aging conditions, but different from T6 aging, the NIA process leads to the high-density θ′ precipitates with wider length range. This characteristic of θ′ phase contributes to better mechanical performance of 2A14 aluminum alloy after the NIA process. In addition, the IGC resistance of the non-isothermal aged 2A14 alloy slightly decreases compared with that after T6 aging, which is closely linked with the widening of PFZ and the increase of potential difference between the PFZ and the matrix after the NIA process.
•The elongation and impact toughness of 2A14 Al alloy increase after NIA, while its strength remains about the same.•NIA process leads to the high-density θ ’ precipitates with wider length range.•After NIA, GP zones and Q’ phase are primary aging precipitates during heating, while θ’ and Q’ phase occur during cooling.•The IGC resistance after NIA slightly decreases compared with that after T6 aging.
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