We prove the equivalence of EL-shellability and the existence of recursive atom ordering independent of roots. We show that a comodernistic lattice, as defined by Schweig and Woodroofe, admits a ...recursive atom ordering independent of roots, therefore is EL-shellable. We also present and discuss a simpler EL-shelling on one of the most important classes of comodernistic lattice, the order congruence lattices.
To improve the shift quality of vehicles equipped with dual clutch transmissions (DCTs), a feedforward-feedback control scheme is proposed for clutch slip control during the shift inertia phase. The ...feedforward controller is designed based on differential flatness to track a reference smooth shift trajectory while the proportional feedback controller is to handle the model errors and disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified on a complete AMESim powertrain model for upshift and downshift cases. Moreover, to facilitate the implementation of the controller, the feedforward part of the derived controller is simplified based on lookup tables, which helps to avoid complex calculations. Finally, comparison results between the normal controller and lookup table-based controller show the effectiveness of the lookup table-based controller, and a smooth shift can be provided still.
In order to make the vehicle stable driving under different operating conditions, moving horizon control scheme based on state observer is presented. First, 2 degrees of freedom vehicle model is ...built. Then, the state observer is designed for sideslip angle estimation. Second, the error between actual yaw rate and sideslip angle are used as control value, and the additional yaw moment is obtained by using moving horizon schemes. Third, the stable condition for yaw stability controller is achieved by stability analysis. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, hardware-in-the-loop simulation is carried out under the representative running conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed method could improve the handling and stability effectively.
In this thesis, I will discuss the relations and differences between EL-shellable and CL-shellable posets. I will present examples of EL-shellable posets that are previously known to be CL-shellable, ...including rank-selected subposets of EL- shellable posets such as the Smirnov words posets, and comodernistic lattices. I will show that EL-shellability is equivalent to root-independent recursive atom ordering, and present two examples of CL-shellable posets that are not EL- shellable, one of which is a graded poset and the other is ungraded. In the end, I will briefly discuss how I think might fully characterize CL-shellable posets that are not EL-shellable.
We prove the equivalence of EL-shellability and the existence of recursive atom ordering independent of roots. We show that a comodernistic lattice, as defined by Schweig and Woodroofe, admits a ...recursive atom ordering independent of roots, therefore is EL-shellable. We also present and discuss a simpler EL-shelling on one of the most important classes of comodernistic lattice, the order congruence lattices.
Solar Energy Storage Using a ZnS Thin Film Li Baojun, Liang Junbao, Jiang Xingyou, Zhou Meng, Li Wei, Na Yianling, Li Tiansi
Energy sources,
12/2000, Volume:
22, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In use of solar energy, the most disadvantageous factor is its discontinuity. On overcast and rainy days or during the night, without sunshine, solar energy systems will stop working. To overcome ...this defect, the usual method is to use photoelectric and photothermic transformation to store solar energy. But because the efficiency of the photoelectric and photothermic systems is low and cost is high, the problem of storing solar energy becomes one of the most essential problems which must be solved. This article introduces ZnS thinfilm storing solar energy. This film can store solar energy and radiate visible light without photoelectric and photothermic middle transformation processes. This method is a new way to use solar energy.
Accurate calibration between LiDAR and camera sensors is crucial for autonomous driving systems to perceive and understand the environment effectively. Typically, LiDAR-camera extrinsic calibration ...requires feature alignment and overlapping fields of view. Aligning features from different modalities can be challenging due to noise influence. Therefore, this paper proposes a targetless extrinsic calibration method for monocular cameras and LiDAR sensors that have a non-overlapping field of view. The proposed solution uses pose transformation to establish data association across different modalities. This conversion turns the calibration problem into an optimization problem within a visual SLAM system without requiring overlapping views. To improve performance, line features serve as constraints in visual SLAM. Accurate positions of line segments are obtained by utilizing an extended photometric error optimization method. Moreover, a strategy is proposed for selecting appropriate calibration methods from among several alternative optimization schemes. This adaptive calibration method selection strategy ensures robust calibration performance in urban autonomous driving scenarios with varying lighting and environmental textures while avoiding failures and excessive bias that may result from relying on a single approach.
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment has garnered significant attention due to their health risk to human beings. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is ...considered as an important way for ARG dissemination. There are four general routes of HGT, including conjugation, transformation, transduction and vesiduction. Selection of appropriate examining methods is crucial for comprehensively understanding characteristics and mechanisms of different HGT ways. Moreover, combined with the results obtained from different experimental methods, mathematical models could be established and serve as a powerful tool for predicting ARG transfer dynamics and frequencies. However, current reviews of HGT for ARG spread mainly focus on its influencing factors and mechanisms, overlooking the important roles of examining methods and models. This review, therefore, delineated four pathways of HGT, summarized the strengths and limitations of current examining methods, and provided a comprehensive summing-up of mathematical models pertaining to three main HGT ways of conjugation, transformation and transduction. Finally, deficiencies in current studies were discussed, and proposed the future perspectives to better understand and assess the risks of ARG dissemination through HGT.
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•A novel approach for anammox bacteria culture was developed based on microfluidics.•Both free and granular forms of anammox bacteria could be cultured on the chips.•Anammox bacteria ...could grow quickly and be enriched on the chips.•The reaction kinetics of granular sludge with different sizes were obtained.•Microfluidic chip can be a powerful tool for anammox bacteria study.
Anammox bacteria are being increasingly investigated as part of an emerging nitrogen removal technology. However, due to the difficulty in culturing, current understanding of their behavior is limited. In this study, anaerobic microfluidic chips were used to study anammox bacteria, showing great advantages over reactors. On-chip fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed the relative abundance of free form anammox bacteria increased by 56.1 % after one week’s culture, an increase that is three times higher than that of bioreactor (17.1 %). For granular form cultures, the nitrogen removal load reached 2.34 ∼ 2.51 kg-N/(m3·d), which was also substantially higher than the bioreactor (∼1.22 kg-N/(m3·d)). Furthermore, studying the kinetics of nitrite inhibition of granular sludge with different particle sizes (100–900 μm) showed that the maximum ammonia load and the nitrite semi-saturation coefficient noticeably decreased for smaller particle sizes. These results illustrate the usefulness of the microfluidic method for in-depth understanding anammox process and its implementation.
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