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•Porphyry Mo-forming silicate melts contained 2–25ppm Mo.•Coexisting bulk fluids (5–15wt% NaClequiv) contained ca. 100ppm Mo.•Fluids and melts in barren intrusions had similar Mo ...contents.•Mineralization potential was controlled by the efficiency of fluid extraction.
This review aims at summarizing currently available data on fluid inclusions and melt inclusions from Climax-type porphyry Mo deposits. Data are presented from 16 economically mineralized occurrences in North America and China, plus 5 subeconomically Mo-mineralized and 4 barren occurrences in North America, Norway and China. Because melt inclusions preserve original metal- and volatile contents they are very helpful to reconstruct the abundances and evolution of these constituents in magmas. The available data suggest that the mineralizing silicate melts in Climax-type porphyry Mo systems were highly evolved high-silica rhyolites that were variably enriched in F (0.5–4.0wt%) and H2O (4–9wt%) but had rather low Mo contents (2–25ppm). The latter observation implies that Mo had to be extracted from large volumes of magma (at least several tens of km3) to produce a mid-sized deposit. The fluids that exsolved from these magmas were originally single-phase and of relatively low salinity (5–15wt% NaClequiv), and subsequently condensed a brine phase once the magma solidus was reached. The single-phase fluids contained on the order of 100ppm Mo and in some places several wt% CO2, whereas pre-mineralization brines contained up to 500ppm Mo. A comparison between porphyry Mo-mineralized and barren occurrences reveals that the melts and fluids in mineralized systems were not unusually Mo-rich, which suggests that the mineralization potential was controlled by other factors. Likely candidates are the size of the upper crustal magma chamber, and the efficiency by which fluids were extracted from the magma and focused into a smaller rock volume.
•Pyroptosis involves in ischemic stroke via direct cell death and neuroinflammation.•Following ischemic stroke, pyroptosis happens in neurons, astrocytes and microglia.•Apoptotic caspases activation ...in pyroptotic cells update crosstalk of cell death.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with limited therapies. After ischemic stroke occurs, a robust sterile inflammatory response happens and lasts for days and determines neurological prognosis. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory programmed cell death characterized by cleavage of pore-forming proteins gasdermins as a result of activating caspases and inflammasomes. It has morphological characteristics of rapid plasma-membrane rupture and release of proinflammatory intracellular contents as well as cytokines. Recent researches implicate pyroptosis involvement in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and inhibition of pyroptosis attenuates ischemic brain injury. In this review, we discussed molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, evidences for pyroptosis involvement in different kinds of the central nervous system cells, as well as potential inhibitors for intervention of pyroptosis. Based on the review, we hypothesize the feasibility of therapeutic strategies targeting pyroptosis in the context of ischemic stroke.
In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 4 wild ancient tea tree (Camellia taliensis) populations at different altitudes (2,050, 2,200, 2,350, and 2,500 m) in Qianjiazhai ...Nature Reserve, Zhenyuan country, Yunnan province, were investigated using EST-SSR molecular markers to compare their genetic variation against altitude. In total, 182 alleles were detected across all loci, ranging from 6 to 25. The top one informative SSR was CsEMS4 with polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.96. The genetic diversity of this species was high, with 100% of loci being polymorphic, an average Nei's gene diversity (H) of 0.82, and Shannon's information index (I) of 1.99. By contrast, at the population level, the genetic diversity of wild ancient tea tree was relatively low, with values of H and I being 0.79 and 1.84, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a minor genetic differentiation (12.84%) among populations, and most of the genetic variation (87.16%) was detected within populations. Using population structure analysis, we found that the germplasm of wild ancient tea tree was divided into three groups, and there was a substantial gene exchange among these three groups at different altitudes. Divergent habitats caused by altitudes and high gene flow played important roles in genetic diversity of wild ancient tea tree populations, which will provide new opportunities for promoting their protection and potential utilization.
To improve the short-term wind power output prediction accuracy and overcome the model prediction instability problem, we propose a combined prediction model based on variational modal decomposition ...(VMD) combined with the improved whale algorithm (GSWOA) to optimize the long short-term memory network (LSTM) short-term wind power. First, VMD is utilized to decompose the wind power input sequence into modal components of different complexities, and the components are reconstructed into subcomponents with typical characteristics through approximate entropy, which reduces the computational scale of non-smooth sequence analysis. Second, the GSWOA is used to optimize the main influencing parameters of the LSTM model in order to obtain the weights and thresholds under the optimal LSTM model and to use the reconstructed individual subsequences. Finally, the actual data from two wind farms in Xinjiang and Northeast China are taken to verify the generalizability of the proposed model. The comparative analysis of the prediction results under different scenarios demonstrates that the improved model shows higher performance than the original model.
With the significant increase in the scale of energy storage configuration in wind farms, improving the smoothing capability and utilization of energy storage has become a key focus. Therefore, a ...wind power fluctuation smoothing control strategy is proposed for battery energy storage systems (BESSs), considering the state of charge (SOC). First, a BESS smoothing wind power fluctuation system model based on model predictive control (MPC) is constructed. The objective function aims to minimize the deviation of grid-connected power from the target power and the deviation of the BESS’s remaining capacity from the ideal value by comprehensively considering the smoothing effect and the SOC. Second, when the wind power’s grid-connected power exceeds the allowable fluctuation value, the weight coefficients in the objective function are adjusted in real time using the first layer of fuzzy control rules combined with SOC partitioning. This approach smooths wind power fluctuations while preventing overcharging and overdischarging of the BESS. When the grid-connected power is within the allowable fluctuation range, the charging and discharging power of the BESS is further refined using a second layer of fuzzy control rules. This enhances the BESS’s capability and utilization for smoothing future wind power fluctuations by preemptively charging and discharging. Finally, the proposed control strategy is simulated using MATLAB R2021b with actual operational data from a wind farm as a case study. Compared to the traditional MPC control method, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively controls the SOC within a reasonable range, prevents the SOC from entering the dead zone, and enhances the BESS’s ability to smooth wind power fluctuations.
Antimicrotubulin chemotherapeutic agents, including plant-derived vincaalkaloids such as vincristine, can cause peripheral neuropathic pain. Exogenously activated heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is a ...potential therapy for chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated a role for Nrf2/HO-1/CO in mediating vincristine-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting connexin 43 (Cx43) production in the spinal cord following the intrathecal application of the HO-1 inducer protoporphyrin IX cobalt chloride (CoPP) or inhibitor protoporphyrin IX zinc (ZnPP), and we analyzed the underlying mechanisms by which levo-corydalmine (
l
-CDL, a tetrahydroprotoberberine) attenuates vincristine-induced pain. Treatment with levo-corydalmine or oxycodone hydrochloride (a semisynthetic opioid analgesic, used as a positive control) attenuated vincristine-induced persistent pain hypersensitivity and degeneration of the sciatic nerve. In addition, the increased prevalence of atypical mitochondria induced by vincristine was ameliorated by
l
-CDL in both A-fibers and C-fibers. Next, we evaluated whether nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an upstream activator of HO-1, directly bound to the HO-1 promoter sequence and degraded heme to produce carbon monoxide (CO) following stimulation with vincristine. Notably,
l
-CDL dose-dependently increased HO-1/CO expression by activating Nrf2 to inhibit Cx43 expression in both the spinal cord and in cultured astrocytes stimulated with TNF-α, corresponding to decreased Cx43-mediated hemichannel. Furthermore,
l
-CDL had no effect on Cx43 following the silencing of the HO-1 gene. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which Nrf2/HO-1/CO mediates Cx43 expression in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain. In addition, the present findings suggest that l-CDL likely protects against nerve damage and attenuates vincristine-induced neuroinflammation by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1/CO to inhibit Cx43 expression.
Abstract
High shear wet granulation (HSWG) has been wildly used in manufacturing of oral solid dosage (OSD) forms, and process modeling is vital to understanding and controlling this complex process. ...In this paper, data fusion and multivariate modeling technique were applied to develop a formulation-process-quality model for HSWG process. The HSWG experimental data from both literature and the authors’ laboratory were fused into a single and formatted representation. A material database and material matching method were used to compensate the incomplete physical characterization of literature formulation materials, and dimensionless parameters were utilized to reconstruct process variables at different granulator scales. The exploratory study on input materials properties by principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the formulation data collected from different articles generated a formulation library which was full of diversity. In prediction of the median granule size, the partial least squares (PLS) regression models derived from literature data only and a combination of literature data and laboratory data were compared. The results demonstrated that incorporating a small number of laboratory data into the multivariate calibration model could help significantly reduce the prediction error, especially at low level of liquid to solid ratio. The proposed data fusion methodology was beneficial to scientific development of HSWG formulation and process, with potential advantages of saving both experimental time and cost.
The rhizospheric microbial community is one of the major environmental factors affecting the distribution and fitness of plants. Ancient wild tea plants are rare genetic resource distributed in ...Southwest China. In this study, we investigated that rhizospheric bacterial communities of ancient wild tea plants along the elevational gradients (2050, 2200, 2350 and 2500 m) in QianJiaZhai Reserve of Ailao Mountains. According to the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene amplicons, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla with the relative abundance 43.12%, 21.61% and 14.84%, respectively. The Variibacter was the most dominant genus in rhizosphere of ancient wild tea plant. Phylogenetic null modeling analysis suggested that rhizospheric bacterial communities of ancient wild tea plants were more phylogenetically clustered than expected by chance. The bacterial community at 2050 m was unique with the highest alpha diversity, tend to cluster the nearest taxon and simple co-occurrence network structure. The unique bacterial community was correlated to multiple soil factors, and the content soil ammonium nitrogen (NH
-N) was the key factor affecting the diversity and distribution of bacterial community along the elevational gradients. This study provided the necessary basic information for the protection of ancient tea trees and cultivation of tea plants.
The excessive application of atrazine in agriculture has resulted in serious environmental contamination. The addition of biochar could reduce the bioavailability and mobility of atrazine in soil ...through adsorption–desorption processes. In this study, tall fescue biochar was prepared at 500 °C, and its effect on the adsorption–desorption behavior of atrazine in red soil, brown soil, and black soil was investigated. The tall fescue biochar with the pH value of 9.64 had a developed porous structure and large specific area that contained abundant surface functional groups. The element composition of the tall fescue biochar was C (50.46%), O (15.01%), N (4.54%), H (2.56%), and S (1.47%). The adsorption process of atrazine in the three soil types with and without biochar addition was divided into a fast stage, slow stage, and equilibrium stage. A pseudo second-order kinetic model was suitable for fitting the adsorption process of atrazine, and the determination coefficient (
R
2
) ranged from 0.985 to 0.999. The adsorption–desorption processes of atrazine were described accurately by the Freundlich model (
R
2
of 0.967–0.999). The adsorption capacity of the three soil types for atrazine increased significantly with the addition of biochar, whereby the equilibrium adsorption amount increased from an initial range of 3.968 to 5.902 μg g
−1
to a final range of 21.397 to 21.968 μg g
−1
. The desorption of atrazine was also inhibited as the hysteresis coefficient (HI) increased from an initial range of 0.451 to 0.586 to a final range of 0.916 to 0.941. The adsorption capacity of the red soil improved more than did the brown soil or black soil. Moreover, spontaneous adsorption of atrazine by the biochar–soil system occurred more easily at 35 °C than at 15 °C and 25 °C. Overall, tall fescue biochar was a prospective soil amendment material.
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