The purpose of designing a sports training fitness index monitoring system is to grasp better the physical performance data of athletes in the training process to ensure training safety. In this ...paper, the principle of multilayer perceptron is explained based on the perceptron model, the optimal loss function of multilayer perceptron is solved by using the activation function and forward propagation algorithm, the sensor data collection module is constructed, and the physical fitness index monitoring system for sports training is built by this method. To verify the feasibility of the detection system in this paper, experimental analysis was conducted from three aspects: the distribution of physical fitness index monitoring information density, physical fitness index data and monitoring data accuracy. The index monitoring density distribution was between 0.11 and 2.09 from the monitoring information density. Regarding physical performance indicators, the average values of maximum oxygen uptake, heart rate, relative energy metabolism level, and exercise intensity were 41.02, 121.58, and 11.84, respectively. From the accuracy of indicator monitoring data, the accuracy of the system in this paper was 93.63%, which was 21.57 and 11.03 percentage points higher than that of GAN and MCNN algorithms, respectively. The physical fitness index monitoring system constructed based on the perceptron model can effectively realize the monitoring of physical fitness indexes, help trainers master the training rhythm, and improve the safety of sports training.
In this paper, we study sports video classification technology based on a deep learning algorithm, using a convolutional neural network and deep learning gradient descent algorithm as the main ...research method to classify and regress the image features of sports video output. A sports video classification model is built to clarify the full research idea, and the results of extracted data are verified one by one with OTB target tracking dataset and specifically analyzed the accuracy and check-all rate of various types of videos, and then conclusions are drawn. The data show that the accuracy of the sports video classification test set with deep learning algorithm reaches 98.3%, and the detection rate of tennis, badminton, and table tennis all reach 92%. Soccer and basketball have a lower accuracy rate but can reach 83%. The accuracy rate of capturing detailed actions is 97.6%. The sports video classification based on deep learning accurately and effectively captures faces and actions accurately, which is important for viewers to find interesting sports video categories quickly.
Two-phase (liquid, vapor) flow in confined spaces is fundamentally interesting and practically important in many practical applications such as thermal management, offering the potential to impart ...high thermal transport performance owing to high surface-to-volume ratio and latent heat released during liquid/vapor phase transition. However, the associated physical size effect, in coupling with the striking contrast in specific volume between liquid and vapor phases, also leads to the onset of unwanted vapor backflow and chaotic two-phase flow patterns, which seriously deteriorates the practical thermal transport performances. Here, we develop a thermal regulator consisting of classical Tesla valves and engineered capillary structures, which can switch its working states and boost its heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux in its "switched-on" state. We demonstrate that the Tesla valves and the capillary structures serve to eliminate vapor backflow and promote liquid flow along the sidewalls of both Tesla valves and main channels, respectively, which synergistically enable the thermal regulator to self-adapt to varying working conditions by rectifying the chaotic two-phase flow into an ordered and directional flow. We envision that revisiting century-old design can promote the development of next generation cooling devices towards switchable and very high heat transfer performances for power electronic devices.
•Flow boiling of dielectric fluid (HFE-7000) was studied in nanowired microchannels.•Annual flow was generated by capillary effects in low mass flux and heat flux.•Critical heat flux was limited to ...120 W/cm2 in high mass fluxes.•Optimal working conditions were found for enhanced flow boiling using nanowires.•Flow pattern and interfacial stress were analyzed to understand flow boiling results.
Flow boiling of dielectric fluids in microchannels is among the most promising embedded cooling solutions for high power electronics. However, it is normally limited by their poor thermal conductivity and small latent heat. To promote thin film evaporation and nucleate boiling, the side and bottom walls of five parallel microchannels were structured with nanowires in a silicon chip. A 10-mm-long thin-film heater was built-in to simulate heat source. Wall temperatures were measured from adiabatic condition to critical heat flux (CHF) conditions. Compared to the plain-wall microchannels with identical channel dimensions, heat transfer coefficient of HFE 7000 can be substantially enhanced up to 344% at the mass flux ranging from 1018 kg/m2⋅s to 2206 kg/m2⋅s as promoted evaporation and nucleate boiling. Moreover, pumping power was reduced up to 40% owing to the capillarity-enhanced phase separation. CHF was achieved from 92 to 120 W/cm2 and enhanced up to 14.9% at moderate mass flux of 1018 kg/m2⋅s as a result of annular liquid supply. However, interestingly, this trend is non-monotonic and CHF is reduced at higher mass fluxes. This experimental study is trying to explore an optimal range of working conditions using nanostructures in flow boiling on highly-wetting dielectric fluids.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes coordinate a network of key cellular processes including unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy in response to stress. How ER stress is signaled to ...lysosomes remains elusive. Here we find that ER disturbance activates chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). ER stressors lead to a PERK-dependent activation and recruitment of MKK4 to lysosomes, activating p38 MAPK at lysosomes. Lysosomal p38 MAPK directly phosphorylates the CMA receptor LAMP2A at T211 and T213, which causes its membrane accumulation and active conformational change, activating CMA. Loss of ER stress-induced CMA activation sensitizes cells to ER stress-induced death. Neurotoxins associated with Parkinson's disease fully engages ER-p38 MAPK-CMA pathway in the mouse brain and uncoupling it results in a greater loss of SNc dopaminergic neurons. This work identifies the coupling of ER and CMA as a critical regulatory axis fundamental for physiological and pathological stress response.
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), a form of selective autophagy, maintains cellular proteostasis in response to diverse stress conditions. Whether and how endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers ...CMA remains elusive. In our recent study, we demonstrate that various types of ER stress activate the CMA pathway via an EIF2AK3/PERK-MAP2K4/MKK4-MAPK14/p38-dependent manner. We term this process ERICA for ER stress-induced chaperone-mediated autophagy. This pathway is activated in response to stress associated with Parkinson disease and is required for the viability of the SNc dopaminergic neurons in an animal model of Parkinson disease.
Degradation of dysfunctional intracellular components in the lysosome system can occur through three different pathways, i.e., macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). ...In this review, we focus on CMA, a type of autophagy distinct from the other two autophagic pathways owing to its selectivity, saturability and competitivity by which a subset of long-lived cytosolic soluble proteins are directly delivered into the lysosomal lumen via specific receptors. CMA participates in quality control to maintain normal cell functions by clearing “old” proteins and provides energy to cells under nutritional stress. Deregulation of CMA has recently been shown to underlie some diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders for which the decline with age in the activity of CMA may become a major aggravating factor. Therefore, targeting aberrant alteration in CMA under pathological conditions could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating related diseases.
Abstract microRNAs, a family of small non-coding RNAs, involve in the pathogenesis of several types of cancers, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). MiR-370 is frequently aberrant ...expressed in various types of human cancer including LSCC. However, the role for miR-370 in LSCC remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that miR-370 was down-regulated in human LSCC tissues. Furthermore, there was an inverse relationship between Forkhead Box ml (FoxM1), which was up-regulated and miR-370 expression in LSCC tissues. FoxM1 was subsequently predicted by bioinformatics and verified to be a target of miR-370 by Luciferase reporter assay. Restored expression of miR-370 in Hep2 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-370 may function as a tumor suppressor in LSCC through downregulation of FoxM1, suggesting that miR-370 could serve as a novel potential maker for LSCC therapy.
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is a kind of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with poor prognosis. Metabolic reprogramming may regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) by ...adapting quickly to cellular stress and regulating immune response, but its role in HSCC has not been reported. We used the nCounter
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Metabolic Pathways Panel to investigate metabolic reprogramming, cellular stress, and their relationship in HSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Metabolism-related pathways nucleotide synthesis and glycolysis pathways were significantly upregulated, while amino acid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways were significantly downregulated in HSCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. There is a significant correlation between metabolism-related pathways and cellular stress pathways. Enrichment of immune cell and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) analysis showed changes in immune responses between HSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Overall survival analysis showed that upregulated genes CD276, LDHB, SLC3A2, EGFR, SLC7A5, and HPRT1 are potential unfavorable prognostic markers in HNSCC, while downregulated genes EEA1, IDO1, NCOA2, REST, CCL19, and ALDH2 are potential favorable prognostic markers in HNSCC. Moreover, metabolism-related genes IDO1, ALDH2, NCOA2, SLC7A5, SLC3A2, LDHB, and HPRT1 are correlated with immune infiltrates in HNSCC. These results suggest that metabolic reprogramming occurs and correlates with cellular stress and immune response in HSCC, which may help researchers understand mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming and develop effective immunotherapeutic strategies in HNSCC.
Protein homeostasis or proteostasis is critical for proper cellular function and survival. It relies on the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Lysosomes play an important role in ...degrading and recycling intracellular components via autophagy. Among the three types of lysosome-based autophagy pathways, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) selectively degrades cellular proteins with KFERQ-like motif by unique machinery. During the past several years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of how CMA itself is modulated and what physiological and pathological processes it may be involved in. One particularly exciting discovery is how other cellular stress organelles such as ER signal to CMA. As more proteins are identified as CMA substrates, CMA function has been associated with an increasing number of important cellular processes, organelles, and diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Here we will summarize the recent advances in CMA biology, highlight ER stress-induced CMA, and discuss the role of CMA in diseases.
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