A
bstract
With the hypothesis of minimal flavor violation, we find that there exists a power-aligned relation between the Yukawa couplings of the two scalar doublets in the two-Higgs-doublet model ...with Hermitian Yukawa matrices. Within such a power-aligned framework, it is found that a simultaneous explanation of the anomalies observed in the electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments can be reached with TeV-scale quasi-degenerate Higgs masses, and the resulting parameter space is also phenomenologically safer under the B-physics,
Z
and
τ
decay data, as well as the current LHC bounds. Furthermore, the flavor-universal power that enhances the charged-lepton Yukawa couplings prompts an interesting correlation between the two anomalies, which makes the model distinguishable from the (generalized) linearly aligned and the lepton-specific two-Higgs-doublet models that address the same anomalies but in a non-correlative manner, and hence testable by future precise measurements.
A
bstract
It has been shown recently that the anomalies observed in
B
¯
→
D
*
τ
ν
¯
τ
and
B
¯
→
K
¯
ℓ
+
ℓ
−
decays could be resolved with just one scalar leptoquark. Fitting to the current data on
R
...(
D
(∗)) along with acceptable
q
2
distributions in
B
¯
→
D
∗
τ
ν
¯
τ
decays, four best-fit solutions for the operator coefficients have been found. In this paper, we explore the possibilities of how to discriminate these four solutions. Firstly, we find that two of them are already excluded by the decay
B
c
−
→
τ
−
ν
¯
τ
, because the predicted decay widths have already overshot the total width Γ
B
c . It is then found that the remaining two solutions result in two effective Hamiltonians governing
b
→
c
τ
ν
¯
τ
transition, which differ by a sign and enhance the absolute value of the coefficient of
c
¯
L
γ
μ
b
L
τ
¯
L
γ
μ
ν
τ
L
operator by about 12%. However, they give nearly the same predictions as in the SM for the
D
∗
and τ longitudinal polarizations as well as the lepton forward-backward asymmetries in
B
¯
→
D
∗
τ
ν
¯
τ
decays. For the other observables like
ℬ
B
c
−
→
τ
−
ν
¯
τ
,
ℬ
B
c
−
→
γ
τ
−
ν
¯
τ
,
R
D
∗
q
2
,
d
ℬ
B
¯
→
D
∗
τ
ν
¯
τ
/
d
q
2
and
ℬ
B
c
−
→
X
3
τ
ν
¯
τ
, on the other hand, the two solutions give sizable enhancements relative to the SM predictions. With measurement of
B
c
−
→
τ
−
ν
¯
τ
at LHCb and refined measurements of observables in
B
¯
→
D
∗
τ
ν
¯
τ
at both LHCb and Belle-II, such a specific NP scenario could be further deciphered.
We perform a comprehensive analysis of scalar contributions in b→cτν transitions including the latest measurements of R(D(⁎)), the q2 differential distributions in B→D(⁎)τν, the τ polarization ...asymmetry for B→D⁎τν, and the bound derived from the total width of the Bc meson. We find that scalar contributions with the simultaneous presence of both left- and right-handed couplings to quarks can explain the available data, specifically R(D(⁎)) together with the measured differential distributions. However, the constraints from the total Bc width present a slight tension with the current data on B→D⁎τν in this scenario, preferring smaller values for R(D⁎). We discuss possibilities to disentangle scalar new physics from other new-physics scenarios like the presence of only a left-handed vector current, via additional observables in B→D(⁎)τν decays or additional decay modes like the baryonic Λb→Λcτν and the inclusive B→Xcτν decays. We also analyze scalar contributions in b→uτν transitions, including the latest measurements of B→τν, providing predictions for Λb→pτν and B→πτν decays. The potential complementarity between the b→u and b→c sectors is finally investigated once assumptions about the flavour structure of the underlying theory are made.
A
bstract
We complete the calculation of the QCD penguin amplitude at next-to-next- to-leading order in the QCD factorization approach to non-leptonic
B
-meson decays. This provides the last missing ...piece in the computation of the QCD correction to direct CP asymmetries at leading power in the heavy-quark expansion.
Many in vitro studies have shown that tea catechins had vevarious health beneficial effects. However, inconsistent results between in vitro and in vivo studies or between laboratory tests and ...epidemical studies are observed. Low bioavailability of tea catechins was an important factor leading to these inconsistencies. Research advances in bioavailability studies involving absorption and metabolic biotransformation of tea catechins were reviewed in the present paper. Related techniques for improving their bioavailability such as nanostructure-based drug delivery system, molecular modification, and co-administration of catechins with other bioactives were also discussed.
The
R
(
D
(
∗
)
)
anomalies observed in
B
→
D
(
∗
)
τ
ν
decays have attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, we study the
B
→
D
(
∗
)
τ
ν
,
Λ
b
→
Λ
c
τ
ν
,
B
c
→
(
J
/
ψ
,
η
c
)
τ
ν
,
...B
→
X
c
τ
ν
, and
B
c
→
τ
ν
decays, all being mediated by the same quark-level
b
→
c
τ
ν
transition, in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. The most relevant dimension-six operators for these processes are
Q
lq
(
3
)
,
Q
ledq
,
Q
lequ
(
1
)
, and
Q
lequ
(
3
)
in the Warsaw basis. Evolution of the corresponding Wilson coefficients from the new physics scale
Λ
=
1
TeV down to the characteristic scale
μ
b
≃
m
b
is performed at three-loop in QCD and one-loop in EW/QED. It is found that, after taking into account the constraint
B
(
B
c
→
τ
ν
)
≲
10
%
, a single
C
lq
(
3
)
3323
(
Λ
)
or
C
lequ
(
3
)
3332
(
Λ
)
can still be used to resolve the
R
(
D
(
∗
)
)
anomalies at
1
σ
, while a single
C
lequ
(
1
)
3332
(
Λ
)
is already ruled out by the measured
R
(
D
(
∗
)
)
at more than
3
σ
. By minimizing the
χ
2
(
C
i
)
function constructed based on the current data on
R
(
D
),
R
(
D
∗
)
,
P
τ
(
D
∗
)
,
R
(
J
/
ψ
)
, and
R
(
X
c
)
, we obtain eleven most trustworthy scenarios, each of which can provide a good explanation of the
R
(
D
(
∗
)
)
anomalies at
1
σ
. To further discriminate these different scenarios, we predict thirty-one observables associated with the processes considered under each NP scenario. It is found that most of the scenarios can be differentiated from each other by using these observables and their correlations.
We implement a symmetry violation guideline into a two-Higgs-doublet model embedded with three right-handed neutrinos, and exploit the generic Yukawa structures of the model via a hypothetical ...symmetry restoration of a global
U
Q
(
1
)
3
×
U
L
(
1
)
3
symmetry. We then apply a mass-powered parametrization to construct the phenomenologically motivated Yukawa interactions, which enables us to incorporate correlatively the neutrino mass, dark matter, as well as the lepton-flavor universality violations in
R
K
(
∗
)
and
R
D
(
∗
)
. Specifically, two atmospheric-scale neutrino masses are generated by a low-scale seesaw mechanism, while the much lighter one, being of
O
(
10
-
6
)
eV
, is fixed by a
7.1
keV
sterile neutrino dark matter produced primordially by the freeze-in mechanism. On the other hand, the neutrino and the charged-lepton mass hierarchies encoded in the mass-powered textures can naturally account for the
R
K
(
∗
)
and the
R
D
(
∗
)
anomalies, respectively. As a further application, a milder discrepancy of the muon
g
-
2
is observed, which has also been implied by the recently refined lattice results.
We present a freeze-in realization of the Dirac neutrinogenesis in which the decaying particle that generates the lepton-number asymmetry is in thermal equilibrium. As the right-handed Dirac ...neutrinos are produced non-thermally, the lepton-number asymmetry is accumulated and partially converted to the baryon-number asymmetry via the rapid sphaleron transitions. The necessary CP-violating condition can be fulfilled by a purely thermal kinetic phase from the wavefunction correction in the lepton-doublet sector, which has been neglected in most leptogenesis-based setup. Furthermore, this condition necessitates a preferred flavor basis in which both the charged-lepton and neutrino Yukawa matrices are non-diagonal. To protect such a proper Yukawa structure from the basis transformations in flavor space prior to the electroweak gauge symmetry breaking, we can resort to a plethora of model buildings aimed at deciphering the non-trivial Yukawa structures. Interestingly, based on the well-known tri-bimaximal mixing with a minimal correction from the charged-lepton or neutrino sector, we find that a simultaneous explanation of the baryon-number asymmetry in the Universe and the low-energy neutrino oscillation observables can be attributed to the mixing angle and the CP-violating phase introduced in the minimal correction.
Volatile compounds are important components of tea aroma, a key attribute of sensory quality. The present review examines the formation of aromatic volatiles of various kinds of teas and factors ...influencing the formation of tea volatiles, including tea cultivar, growing environment and agronomic practices, processing method and storage of tea. The determination of tea volatiles and the relationship of active-aroma volatiles with the sensory qualities of tea are also discussed in the present paper.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is an increasingly prevalent cancer type characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Its early detection is challenging, primarily because of the absence of ...early molecular markers. Cuproptosis is a novel regulatory mechanism of cell death with implications in various cancers. In this study, we aimed to study cuproptosis-related genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma to identify their prognostic value.
By analyzing genomic, bulk RNA-seq, and single-cell RNA-seq data, we investigated 13 cuproptosis-related genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas-Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma dataset and Gene Expression Omnibus repository (GSE172577).
ATP7A, ATP7B, and DLST were the most frequently mutated genes, with nine of our studied genes associated with overall survival. Single-cell analysis was conducted to identify cuproptosis-related tumor cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which revealed two distinct patterns based on the expression of cuproptosis-related genes. These patterns exhibit differences in genetic alterations and tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, we developed a cuproptosis index using a random forest algorithm based on cuproptosis pattern-related genes in which higher levels were linked to poorer prognosis.
Our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying oral squamous cell carcinoma-associated cuproptosis.
PDF
