Acrylamide is widely found in food as a side-product of high-temperature heating of starch-rich food. It has attracted much attention because of its neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity. However, the ...cancer risk and disease burden of dietary acrylamide exposure have not been quantified in China.
To estimate the cancer risk and the disease burden attributable to dietary acrylamide exposure and quantify its health hazards.
We first performed an exposure assessment of acrylamide in food, based on which the incremental excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was calculated for cancer risk assessment. The DisMod Ⅱ software and the DALY calculator in R were used to calculate the disease burden due to dietary acrylamide exposure.
Average dietary acrylamide exposure in males was 0.1531 μg·kg−1·d−1 and that in females was 0.1554 μg·kg−1·d−1, resulting in an ELCR of 7.81 × 10−5 for males and 7.92 × 10−5 for females in China. The dietary acrylamide exposure resulted in about 23,688.09 DALYs of cancers among the Chinese population in 2016, including 1331.93 DALYs of breast cancer, 243.32 DALYs of endometrial cancer, 248.91 DALYs of ovarian cancer, and 176.28 DALYs of kidney cancer, respectively.
The health hazards of dietary acrylamide exposure deserve attention. The burden of disease assessment could quantify the health hazards of food contaminants for prioritizing policies.
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•The daily acrylamide exposure was estimated in the Chinese population.•The cancer risk from dietary acrylamide exposure was assessed among Chinese.•The dietary acrylamide exposure resulted in about 23,688.09 DALYs of cancers.•A model to assess the cancer burden attributed to dietary acrylamide was provided.
Peri-implant diseases are considered to be a chronic destructive inflammatory destruction/damage occurring in soft and hard peri-implant tissues during the patient's perennial use after implant ...restoration and have attracted much attention because of their high incidence. Although most studies seem to suggest that the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases is similar to that of periodontal diseases and that both begin with microbial infection, the specific mechanism of peri-implant diseases remains unclear. As an oral opportunistic pathogen,
(
) has been demonstrated to be vital for the occurrence and development of many oral infectious diseases, especially periodontal diseases. More notably, the latest relevant studies suggest that
may contribute to the occurrence and development of peri-implant diseases. Considering the close connection between peri-implant diseases and periodontal diseases, a summary of the role of
in periodontal diseases may provide more research directions and ideas for the peri-implantation mechanism. In this review, we summarize the effects of
on periodontal diseases by biofilm formation, host infection, and host response, and then we establish the relationship between periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Based on the above aspects, we discuss the importance and potential value of
in peri-implant diseases.
Aflatoxins (AFTs), as a group 1 carcinogen, could lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dietary intake is the primary way of AFT exposure in humans. However, the contribution of foodborne AFT ...intake to the HCC burden remains unknown in recent years in China. Hence, the present study was conducted to estimate the burden of HCC attributed to foodborne AFT exposure by using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The risk assessment was used to estimate the incidence of HCC related to AFT exposure. Concentrations of AFTs in peanuts, peanut oil, corn, and corn products were retrieved from literature published between 2010 and 2020 in China. Corresponding daily food consumption data were obtained from two nationwide Chinese surveys. A direct approach was used to calculate DALY and DALY rates to quantify the HCC burden attributed to dietary AFT exposure. The total amount of AFT intake through peanut, peanut oil, corn, and corn products was 4.018 ng/kg bw/day resulting in 0.125 extra HCC cases per year/100,000 persons, corresponding to a DALY number and DALY rate of 21,625.08 and 1.53 per 100,000 population, respectively. Regionally, DALYs were high in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, corresponding to 5948 and 5595 DALYs. A total of 1.5 DALYs/100,000 were lost due to the AFT exposure. DALYs per 100,000 population were higher in several coastal areas. Though the disease burden of HCC caused by dietary AFTs was low in the Chinese population, a high health risk was found in the residents of some areas with high AFT exposure. AFTs are still a health challenge for the Chinese people.
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurodevelopmental toxicant that is widespread in the environment and food. Considering the presence of multiple sources of MeHg exposure in the environment, the burden ...attributable to different exposure sources needs to be determined. This study aimed to estimate the burden of mild intellectual disability (MID) caused by in-utero exposure to MeHg and identify the attributable burden related to MeHg exposure from different sources in China. We applied the hair mercury concentrations from studies to evaluate the burden of MID associated with maternal MeHg exposure and quantify it by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The DALYs attributable to MeHg exposure sources were calculated by combining the total DALYs and the contribution rates of various sources of MeHg exposure. The maternal MeHg exposure resulted in 6504 MID cases and a loss of 63,354 DALYs in China in 2017. The contribution rates of aquatic products and rice were 52.2% and 27.1%, respectively, leading to health losses of 28,115 and 18,011 DALYs. The burden of MeHg-induced MID associated with aquatic products was high in coastal areas. Several sites such as Zhejiang, Hunan, and Guangxi had high DALYs caused by rice MeHg exposure. Regions with high DALYs of MID related to MeHg exposure require more attention. Local governments should establish targeted measures to reduce MeHg exposure, thus preventing health loss.
Gastroesophageal cancers (GECs) comprise malignancies in the stomach, esophagus, and gastroesophageal junction. Despite ongoing improvements in chemoradiotherapy, the clinical outcomes of GEC have ...not significantly improved over the years, and treatment remains challenging. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been the subject of clinical trials worldwide for several years. Encouraging results have been reported in different countries, but further research is required to apply ICIs in the clinical care of patients with GEC. This review summarizes completed and ongoing clinical trials with programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway blockers in GEC and current biomarkers used for predicting PD-1/PD-L1 blockade efficacy. This review captures the main findings of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies combined with chemotherapy as an effective first-line treatment and a monotherapy in second-line or more treatment and in maintenance therapy. This review aims to provide insight that will help guide future research and clinical trials, thereby improving the outcomes of patients with GEC.
Abstract
Dioecy, the presence of separate sexes on distinct individuals, has evolved repeatedly in multiple plant lineages. However, the specific mechanisms by which sex systems evolve and their ...commonalities among plant species remain poorly understood. With both XY and ZW sex systems, the family Salicaceae provides a system to uncover the evolutionary forces driving sex chromosome turnovers. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study to characterize sex determination in two Populus species, P. euphratica and P. alba. Our results reveal an XY system of sex determination on chromosome 14 of P. euphratica, and a ZW system on chromosome 19 of P. alba. We further assembled the corresponding sex-determination regions, and found that their sex chromosome turnovers may be driven by the repeated translocations of a Helitron-like transposon. During the translocation, this factor may have captured partial or intact sequences that are orthologous to a type-A cytokinin response regulator gene. Based on results from this and other recently published studies, we hypothesize that this gene may act as a master regulator of sex determination for the entire family. We propose a general model to explain how the XY and ZW sex systems in this family can be determined by the same RR gene. Our study provides new insights into the diversification of incipient sex chromosomes in flowering plants by showing how transposition and rearrangement of a single gene can control sex in both XY and ZW systems.
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide due to the sedentary and overeating lifestyle. Yet, the pathophysiology of MAFLD is still unclear ...and no drug has been approved for MAFLD treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous membrane-bound particles released from almost all types of cells. These nano-sized particles mediate intercellular communication through their bioactive cargos including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. The EVs modulate metabolic homeostasis
via
communication between adipose tissue and liver. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism leads to inflammation in liver and the number and compounds of EVs are changed during MAFLD. The injured hepatocytes secrete EVs to induce the migration of bone marrow-derived monocytes and the activation of macrophages in liver. The EVs secreted by different cells regulate the alteration of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) phenotypes and HSC activation gives rise to liver fibrosis. Based on the participation of EVs in MAFLD progression, we discuss the prospects of EVs as a therapeutic target and their application in drug delivery.
Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is a photophysical phenomenon that a certain group of luminescent materials that become highly luminous when aggregated in a bad solvent or solid state. This year ...is the 20th anniversary since the AIE concept firstly proposed in 2001. Many advanced applications were gradually being explored, covering optics, electronics, energy, and bioscience and so on. At present, bibliometrics can enlighten the researchers with comprehensive sights of the achievements and trends of a specific field, which is critical for academic investigations. Herein, we presented a general bibliometric overview of AIE covering 20 years of evolution. With the assistance of Web of Science Core Collection database and several bibliometric software tools, the annual publication and citation, most influential countries/regions, most contributing authors, journals and institutions, second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) related hotspots, as well as the forecast of frontiers were demonstrated and systematically analyzed. This study summarizes the current research status in AIE research field and provides a reference for future research directions.
A bibliometric analysis is conducted to overview the development of AIE in the past two decades and provides a unique perspective for this field. Researchers with high citations, keyword co‐occurrence networks, NIR‐II imaging related foamtree, and frontier perspectives on AIE are visualized via different software in this study. A multi‐interdisciplinary system has been formed with aggregate science as the core subject.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is diagnosed increasingly in children and adolescents. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and related influencing factors of NAFLD in school-aged ...children and adolescents in Shenyang, Liaoning Province. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between lifestyle and fatty liver.
We conducted aprospective cohort study of 1309 school-aged children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 18 years who underwent physical examination from November to December 2019. In addition, they were collected age, gender, learning stage, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio. Finally, a portion of the population was selected to complete a questionnaire survey to explore the impact of lifestyle habits on fatty liver disease.
NAFLD was present in 23.83% of subjects. The prevalence of children and adolescents was 22.73% and 24.43%, respectively. Fatty liver prevalence differs significantly by gender and learning stages. The highest rate of fatty liver was seen in obese children (71.68%). Moreover, exercise, diet, and parental factors can affect children with fatty liver.
NAFLD is very prevalent in children and adolescents in Shenyang city. Due to the close relationship between NAFLD and obesity, lifestyle plays a major role in the occurrence of NAFLD.
The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 2020 2020-258-2. Registered 6 June 2020-Retrospectively registered.
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