Effective strategies toward building exquisite nanostructures with enhanced structural integrity and improved reaction kinetics will carry forward the practical application of alloy‐based materials ...as anodes in batteries. Herein, a free‐standing 3D carbon nanofiber (CNF) skeleton incorporated with heterostructured binary metal selenides (ZnSe/SnSe) nanoboxes is developed for Na‐ion storage anodes, which can facilitate Na+ ion migration, improve structure integrity, and enhance the electrochemical reaction kinetics. During the carbonization and selenization process, selenium/nitrogen (Se/N) is co‐doped into the 3D CNF skeleton, which can improve the conductivity and wettability of the CNF matrices. More importantly, the ZnSe/SnSe heterostructures and the Se/N co‐doping CNFs can have a synergistic interfacial coupling effect and built‐in electric field in the heterogeneous interfaces of ZnSe/SnSe hetero‐boundaries as well as the interfaces between the CNF matrix and the selenide heterostructures, which can enable fast ion/electron transport and accelerate surface/internal reaction kinetics for Na‐ion storage. The ZnSe/SnSe@Se,N‐CNFs exhibit superior Na‐ion storage performance than the comparative ZnSe/SnSe, ZnSe and SnSe powders, which deliver an excellent rate performance (882.0, 773.6, 695.7, 634.2, and 559.0 mAh g−1 at current rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 A g−1) and long‐life cycling stability of 587.5 mAh g−1 for 3500 cycles at 2 A g−1.
3D free‐standing selenium/nitrogen co‐doped carbon nanofiber (Se,N‐CNF) skeleton incorporated with heterostructured bimetallic selenides (ZnSe/SnSe) nanoboxes are produced by electrospinning technique and thermal treatments, yielding a synergistic interfacial coupling effect and internal electric field in the heterogeneous interfaces of ZnSe/SnSe and CNF matrix/selenides hetero‐boundaries for enhanced Na‐ion storage performance.
The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory receptor on T cells and plays an important role in promoting cancer immune evasion. While ubiquitin E3 ligases regulating PD-1 stability ...have been reported, deubiquitinases governing PD-1 homeostasis to modulate tumor immunotherapy remain unknown. Here, we identify the ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (USP5) as a bona fide deubiquitinase for PD-1. Mechanistically, USP5 interacts with PD-1, leading to deubiquitination and stabilization of PD-1. Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylates PD-1 at Thr234 and promotes PD-1 interaction with USP5. Conditional knockout of Usp5 in T cells increases the production of effector cytokines and retards tumor growth in mice. USP5 inhibition in combination with Trametinib or anti-CTLA-4 has an additive effect on suppressing tumor growth in mice. Together, this study describes a molecular mechanism of ERK/USP5-mediated regulation of PD-1 and identifies potential combinatorial therapeutic strategies for enhancing anti-tumor efficacy.
The integration of large-scale stochastic renewable energy, the aging of transmission facilities, and the growth of load demand all contribute to the increasing congestion levels of transmission ...systems. Such factors pose considerable stress on the economical and secure operation of power systems and the accommodation of large-scale renewable energies. However, under the smart grid circumstance, some cutting-edge transmission technologies can bring potential cost-effective solutions to leverage the potential capacity of existing transmission infrastructures. Such technologies can help the utilities to deal with the rapid change of operating conditions of the power system in a more flexible manner. For example, the network topology optimization (NTO) technology can change the transmission topology based on the operating conditions, which increases the flexibility of the transmission system. Dynamic thermal rating (DTR) can evaluate the maximum transmission capacity of transmission lines dynamically according to the weather condition parameters around the conductor. These two cost-effective technologies are promising in improving the congestion mitigation performance and can contribute to the efficient utilization of transmission network-so they will bring potential economic and reliability benefits. This paper incorporates NTO and DTR in the network-constrained unit commitment (NCUC) framework to study their synergistic effect on the power system day-ahead schedule. Case studies are performed on a modified RTS-79 system. The numerical results verify that the coordination of NTO and DTR may help decrease the generation cost and wind power curtailment.
Display omitted
Botanical fungicides are promising replacements for pure chemical synthetic pesticides in agriculture and organic food production. Methylaervine with good physicochemical properties ...exhibited effective activity against F. solani (EC50 = 10.56 µM) better than the positive control thiophanate-methyl (EC50 = 27.94 µM). The activity changes of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed that methylaervine could significantly induce lipid peroxidation and activate the antioxidant enzymes. According to the metabolomics analysis, fifty-one differential metabolites and two major antifungal-related pathways covering tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and steroid biosynthesis were identified. Moreover, the disturbance for TCA cycle was validated by the activity changes of dehydrogenase (MDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as well as docking simulation. Homology modeling and docking study revealed that hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions played a vital role in methylaervine–protein stability. This study provided new insight into the antifungal activity of methylaervine, which is important for the development of novel botanical fungicides based on methylaervine.
The grafting of 4, 5-diazofluorene-9-one (DAFO) to the mesoporous silica functionalized with aminopropyltriethoxysilane resulted in a material capable of absorbing Pd(II) to form a Pd(II)-complex ...through coordination reaction. Characterization of the loaded Pd(II)-complex by FT-IR, ICP and XPS discloses the structure of the complex, the content and chemical state of palladium. The novel Pd(II)-complex was tested for selective oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexanone by H
2
O
2
. The stability of the catalyst and the heterogeneity of the reaction were proved by catalyst recycling test and hot-filtration test, and the oxidative reaction was catalyzed predominantly by the loaded Pd(II)-complex. No any Pd-black was found during the whole reaction process, indicating that the complex can effectively promote the redox cycle of the active component palladium and inhibit the formation of Pd-black.
Graphical Abstract
IL-33 is a new member of the IL-1 family cytokines, which is expressed by different types of immune cells and non-immune cells. IL-33 is constitutively expressed in the nucleus, where it can act as a ...transcriptional regulator. So far, no direct target for nuclear IL-33 has been identified, and the regulation of IL-33 nuclear function remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the transcription of type 2 inflammatory cytokine IL-13 is positively regulated by nuclear IL-33. IL-33 can directly bind to the conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) before the translation initiation site in the IL13 gene locus. Moreover, IL-33 nuclear function and stability are regulated by the enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 17 (USP17) through deubiquitination of IL-33 both at the K48 and at the K63 sites. Our data suggest that IL13 gene transcription can be directly activated by nuclear IL-33, which is negatively regulated by the deubiquitinase USP17.
The grafting of 4, 5-diazofluorene-9-one (DAFO) to the mesoporous silica functionalized with aminopropyltriethoxysilane resulted in a material capable of absorbing Pd(II) to form a Pd(II)-complex ...through coordination reaction. Characterization of the loaded Pd(II)-complex by FT-IR, ICP and XPS discloses the structure of the complex, the content and chemical state of palladium. The novel Pd(II)-complex was tested for selective oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexanone by H.sub.2O.sub.2. The stability of the catalyst and the heterogeneity of the reaction were proved by catalyst recycling test and hot-filtration test, and the oxidative reaction was catalyzed predominantly by the loaded Pd(II)-complex. No any Pd-black was found during the whole reaction process, indicating that the complex can effectively promote the redox cycle of the active component palladium and inhibit the formation of Pd-black.
The grafting of 4, 5-diazofluorene-9-one (DAFO) to the mesoporous silica functionalized with aminopropyltriethoxysilane resulted in a material capable of absorbing Pd(II) to form a Pd(II)-complex ...through coordination reaction. Characterization of the loaded Pd(II)-complex by FT-IR, ICP and XPS discloses the structure of the complex, the content and chemical state of palladium. The novel Pd(II)-complex was tested for selective oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexanone by H.sub.2O.sub.2. The stability of the catalyst and the heterogeneity of the reaction were proved by catalyst recycling test and hot-filtration test, and the oxidative reaction was catalyzed predominantly by the loaded Pd(II)-complex. No any Pd-black was found during the whole reaction process, indicating that the complex can effectively promote the redox cycle of the active component palladium and inhibit the formation of Pd-black. Graphical
For most alloying- and conversion-type anode materials, a huge volume expansion and structure degradation of the electrodes always hinder their applications. In this work, a novel core–shell–shell ...Sb2S3/Sb@TiO2@C nanorod composite has been designed layer by layer, which includes an inner Sb2S3/Sb heterostructure core protected by an oxygen-deficient TiO2 shell and a conductive carbon shell. It is interesting to observe that, during the carbothermic reduction process, the previous Sb2S3 nanorod cores are partially reduced into a metallic Sb phase and the reduced TiO2 also creates many oxygen vacancies, which can greatly enhance the conductivity of the semiconductor Sb2S3. Thanks to the double effects of the TiO2 middle shell and carbon outer shell, the unique double-shelled structure design creates an enhanced dual protection, which can better accommodate the volume-expansive deformation and preserve the structural integrity of the active Sb2S3/Sb core. Especially, the TiO2 middle layer is self-assembled by numerous nanoparticles acting as a nanopillar backbone, which supports between the nanorod core and outer carbon shell to better buffer the volume changes. As a result, the core–shell–shell Sb2S3/Sb@TiO2@C anode shows lithium and sodium storage performances superior to those of the pristine Sb2S3 and core–shell Sb2S3@TiO2 electrodes. For lithium-ion batteries, the Sb2S3/Sb@TiO2@C nanorod composite achieves an initial discharge/recharge capacity of 1244.9/1005.1 mAh g–1 with an initial Coulombic efficiency of about 80.7%, an enhanced rate capability with a capacity of 593.2 mA h g–1 at 5.0 A g–1, and prolonged cycling life for 500 cycles with a reversible capacity of 495.8 mAh g–1 at 0.5 A g–1. For sodium-ion batteries, the nanorodalso exhibits an improved performance with an initial discharge/recharge capacity of 781.4/574.0 mAh g–1 (initial Coulombic efficiency of about 73.46%) and cycling for 400 cycles with a reversible capacity of 422.6 mAh g–1 at 0.8 A g–1. This research sheds light upon double-shell structure designs with an effective middle shell to enhance the energy storage performance of electrode materials.
Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
In article number 2202826, Lingna Sun, Hui Ying Yang and co‐workers produce 3D self‐supported VN‐embedded N‐doped carbon nanofiber (VN/N‐CNFs) composites with hierarchical ...structures by an electrospinning technique and introduction of vanadium‐based metal organic frameworks, yielding a homogeneous distribution of 0D active VN nanograins into electrospun nanofiber‐knitted carbon skeletons. This design strategy leads to an ultra‐long cycle lifespan and super‐high rate capability with high capacities and energy/power densities for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
PDF
