ChIPseeker is an R package for annotating ChIP-seq data analysis. It supports annotating ChIP peaks and provides functions to visualize ChIP peaks coverage over chromosomes and profiles of peaks ...binding to TSS regions. Comparison of ChIP peak profiles and annotation are also supported. Moreover, it supports evaluating significant overlap among ChIP-seq datasets. Currently, ChIPseeker contains 15 000 bed file information from GEO database. These datasets can be downloaded and compare with user's own data to explore significant overlap datasets for inferring co-regulation or transcription factor complex for further investigation.
ChIPseeker is released under Artistic-2.0 License. The source code and documents are freely available through Bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/ChIPseeker.html).
Reported is a highly enantioselective copper‐catalyzed Markovnikov protoboration of unactivated terminal alkenes. A variety of simple and abundant feedstock α‐olefins bearing a diverse array of ...functional groups and heterocyclic substituents can be used as substrates, and the reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions at ambient temperature to provide expedient access to enantioenriched alkylboronic esters in good regioselectivity and with excellent enantiocontrol. Critical to the success of the protocol was the development and application of a novel, sterically hindered N‐heterocyclic carbene, (R,R,R,R)‐ANIPE, as the ligand for copper.
By design: A highly enantioselective copper‐catalyzed Markovnikov protoboration of α‐olefins is described. This mild and general process effectively converts simple and abundant feedstock α‐olefins into a diverse array of chiral alkylboronic esters with excellent enantiocontrol. Key to the success of the protocol was the use of a newly developed, sterically hindered N‐heterocyclic carbene, (R,R,R,R)‐ANIPE, as the ligand.
A majority of global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) comes from terpenoids. In this study, we carried out a 1 year nationwide observation of pinenes (α‐ and β‐pinene) and SOA tracers from ...monoterpenes (SOAM) and β‐caryophyllene (SOAC) over China for the first time. SOAM and SOAC tracers ranged from 9.80 to 49.0 ng m−3 and 1.72 to 7.72 ng m−3, respectively, with high levels in southern China. Pinenes ranged from 34 to 102 parts per trillion by volume, with α‐pinene dominant over β‐pinene. SOAM tracers were correlated between paired sites, suggesting a regional impact of SOAM, while pinenes were uncorrelated between sites due to their rapid oxidation. High levels of SOAM tracers were observed in spring and summer. However, at the Hailun site in Northeast China, SOAM tracers increased during winter. The positive correlation between SOAM tracers and the biomass burning (BB) tracer levoglucosan during winter at Hailun indicated that the unexpected increase of SOAM was associated with BB. The SOAC tracer, β‐caryophyllenic acid, increased during winter and was positively correlated with levoglucosan, suggesting substantial contributions from BB to SOAC production in wintertime. Together with SOA tracers from isoprene, these tracers were applied to estimate biogenic secondary organic carbon (BSOC) from isoprene, monoterpenes, and β‐caryophyllene. The annual average BSOC was 0.91 ± 0.41 μgC m−3,with the majority from monoterpenes and the highest level in Southwest China. BSOC was elevated from April to September and was lowest in January and February. BSOC composition dramatically changed from a monoterpene majority in fall‐spring to an isoprene majority in summer.
Key Points
The first nationwide measurements of BSOA tracers showed high concentrations in southern China
Unexpected increases of SOA from monoterpenes and β‐caryophyllene during winter were correlated with biomass burning
BSOC composition dramatically changed from a monoterpene majority in fall‐spring to an isoprene majority in summer
Disease ontology (DO) annotates human genes in the context of disease. DO is important annotation in translating molecular findings from high-throughput data to clinical relevance. DOSE is an R ...package providing semantic similarity computations among DO terms and genes which allows biologists to explore the similarities of diseases and of gene functions in disease perspective. Enrichment analyses including hypergeometric model and gene set enrichment analysis are also implemented to support discovering disease associations of high-throughput biological data. This allows biologists to verify disease relevance in a biological experiment and identify unexpected disease associations. Comparison among gene clusters is also supported.
DOSE is released under Artistic-2.0 License. The source code and documents are freely available through Bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/DOSE.html).
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
gcyu@connect.hku.hk or tqyhe@jnu.edu.cn.
The electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a core electrode reaction for the renewable production of high‐purity hydrogen, carbon‐based fuel, synthetic ammonia, etc. However, the sluggish ...kinetics of the OER result in a high overpotential and limit the widespread application of OER‐based technologies. Recent studies have shown that bimetallic‐based materials with the synergism of different metal components to regulate the adsorption and dissociation energy of intermediates are promising OER electrocatalyst candidates with a lower cost and energy consumption. In the past two decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing OER applications of bimetallic‐based materials with a focus on compositions, phase, structure, etc., to highlight the synergism of different metal components. However, there is a lack of critical thinking and organized analysis of OER applications with bimetallic‐based materials. This review critically discusses the challenges of developing bimetallic‐based OER materials, summarizes the current optimization strategies to enhance both activity and stability, and highlights the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for OER. The relationship between the componential/structural features of bimetallic‐based materials and their electrocatalytic properties is presented to form comprehensive electronic and geometric modifications based on thorough analysis of the reported works and discuss future efforts to realize sustainable bimetallic‐based OER applications.
The impressive progress in the rational design of bimetals and bimetallic compounds toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is summarized. Based on the main advantages and challenges for the bimetallic‐based OER electrocatalysts, the optimization strategies are presented to modify the electronic structure and geometric construction to highlight the synergism characteristics, including compositional regulation, elemental doping, coordination adjustment, interfacial structure establishment, morphology control, and support interaction for achieving efficient OER performance.
Abstract
Glucose electrolysis offers a prospect of value-added glucaric acid synthesis and energy-saving hydrogen production from the biomass-based platform molecules. Here we report that ...nanostructured NiFe oxide (NiFeO
x
) and nitride (NiFeN
x
) catalysts, synthesized from NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays on three-dimensional Ni foams, demonstrate a high activity and selectivity towards anodic glucose oxidation. The electrolytic cell assembled with these two catalysts can deliver 100 mA cm
−2
at 1.39 V. A faradaic efficiency of 87% and glucaric acid yield of 83% are obtained from the glucose electrolysis, which takes place via a guluronic acid pathway evidenced by in-situ infrared spectroscopy. A rigorous process model combined with a techno-economic analysis shows that the electrochemical reduction of glucose produces glucaric acid at a 54% lower cost than the current chemical approach. This work suggests that glucose electrolysis is an energy-saving and cost-effective approach for H
2
production and biomass valorization.
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•Six types of Mg-loaded biochars were synthesized for NH4+-N and TP adsorption.•Mg2+ exchange is dominant mechanism for ammonium adsorption on Mg-loaded biochars.•Precipitation and ...electrostatic attraction were the possible TP sorption mechanisms.•Magnesium content and PVtot were predominant factors affecting biochar sorption.•Mg-loaded biochars have a great potential in treatment of waste water.
Herein, biochars from 6 different feedstocks (taro straw, corn straw, cassava straw, Chinese fir straw, banana straw, and Camellia oleifera shell) were produced using magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as a modifier due to their sorption behavior toward NH4+-N and phosphorus in an aqueous solution. The biochar characteristics were evaluated, including pH, pHPZC, biochar magnesium content, and total pore volume (PVtot). The experimental results in terms of the kinetics and equilibrium isotherms showed that the cassava straw and banana straw biochars exhibited the theoretical maximum saturated adsorption capacities of 24.04 mg·g−1 (NH4+-N) and 31.15 mg·g−1 (TP), respectively. Biochar produced from these feedstocks had higher magnesium contents and greater total pore volumes, reflecting the significant contributions from magnesium and steric effects. FTIR, XRD, and SEM/EDS analyses demonstrated that NH4+-N and TP sorption mechanisms predominantly involved surface electrostatic attraction, Mg2+ precipitates and complexation with surface hydroxyl functional groups.
Vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) are commonly used in transition‐metal‐catalyzed cycloadditions, and the utilization of their recently realized reactivities to construct new cyclic architectures is of great ...significance in modern synthetic chemistry. Herein, a palladium‐catalyzed, visible‐light‐driven, asymmetric 5+2 cycloaddition of VCPs with α‐diazoketones is accomplished by switching the reactivity of the Pd‐containing dipolar intermediate from an all‐carbon 1,3‐dipole to an oxo‐1,5‐dipole. Enantioenriched seven‐membered lactones were produced with good reaction efficiencies and selectivities (23 examples, 52–92 % yields with up to 99:1 er and 12.5:1 dr). In addition, computational investigations were performed to rationalize the observed high chemo‐ and periselectivities.
By switching the reactivity of Pd‐containing dipolar intermediates from all‐carbon 1,3‐dipoles to oxo‐1,5‐dipoles, Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric 5+2 cycloadditions of vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) with photogenerated ketenes are achieved. A variety of chiral seven‐membered lactone‐fused polycyclic molecules are produced with good reaction efficiency and selectivity.
Bioelectronics for modulating the nervous system have shown promise in treating neurological diseases
. However, their fixed dimensions cannot accommodate rapid tissue growth
and may impair ...development
. For infants, children and adolescents, once implanted devices are outgrown, additional surgeries are often needed for device replacement, leading to repeated interventions and complications
. Here, we address this limitation with morphing electronics, which adapt to in vivo nerve tissue growth with minimal mechanical constraint. We design and fabricate multilayered morphing electronics, consisting of viscoplastic electrodes and a strain sensor that eliminate the stress at the interface between the electronics and growing tissue. The ability of morphing electronics to self-heal during implantation surgery allows a reconfigurable and seamless neural interface. During the fastest growth period in rats, morphing electronics caused minimal damage to the rat nerve, which grows 2.4-fold in diameter, and allowed chronic electrical stimulation and monitoring for 2 months without disruption of functional behavior. Morphing electronics offers a path toward growth-adaptive pediatric electronic medicine.
Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long ...non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are closely related to a variety of biological and functional aspects of human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due to diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, and diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in human diseases. In addition, we explore the current knowledge on the roles of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in human health and diseases, including cancers, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, to determine their potential implication in biomarker identification and therapeutic exploration.
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