Introduction: Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) ranks sixth among the most common men’s tumours. The prevalence of HNC in children has increased in several countries, and the prevalence varies worldwide. In ...several regions in Brazil and the world, a lack of epidemiological data records on childhood HNC is observed, demonstrating little knowledge about the demographic profile of these patients. Aim: To determine the prevalence of HNC in paediatric patients over the years at a reference centre in the North region of Brazil. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the objective of quantitatively and qualitatively analysing the prevalence of HNC in a reference oncology hospital. The electronic medical records of patients aged 0 to 19 years were reviewed at a referral centre in Northern Brazil from October 2015 to February 2022. Demographic variables, topographic location of tumours, city of origin, patient outcome, and histopathological diagnosis were collected. Results: A total of 4,113 medical records were analysed, and 126 met the criteria for analysis. Males had a higher incidence n=75 (59.52%) of HNC than females n=51 (40.47%). The age group with the highest percentage of HNC was > 4 to 9-year-old n=40 (31.74%). The most common diagnosis were lymphoma 78 (61.90%), sarcoma 22 (17.46%); carcinoma 14 (11.11%), and histiocytosis 10 (7.93%). Conclusion: In Northern Brazil, the most common tumour was Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and the most prevalent group affected were males aged > 4-9-year-old.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a cancer of the lymphatic system where the lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues are infiltrated by malignant neoplasms of B, T, and natural killer lymphocytes. Effective ...and less invasive methods for NHL screening are urgently needed. Herein, we report an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method to investigate metabolic changes in non-volatile derivatized compounds from urine samples of NHL patients (
N
= 15) and compare them to healthy controls (
N
= 34). Uni- and multivariate data analysis showed 18 endogenous metabolites, including amino acids and their metabolites, sugars, small organic acids, and vitamins, as statistically significant for group differentiation. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) generated from a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm-based model achieved 0.998 of predictive accuracy, displaying the potential and relevance of GC-MS-detected urinary non-volatile compounds for predictive purposes. Furthermore, a specific panel of key metabolites was also evaluated, showing similar results. All in all, our results indicate that this robust GC-MS method is an effective screening tool for NHL diagnosis and it is able to highlight different pathways of the disease.
Graphical Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress markers in overweight and obese women with deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D.
...Twenty-nine overweight or obese women who had a deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D were placed into two groups according to VD3 intervention. Patients in the supplemented group received a single oral megadose of VD3 (VD3, n=14). Patients in placebo group received a single oral identical capsule without vitamin D (placebo, n = 15). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed at baseline and after 4-weeks intervention.
Anthropometric variables (waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio and body mass index) were similar between groups (
> 0.05). VD3 supplementation increased the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p=0.000), malondialdehyde (
=0.021) and C-reactive protein (
=0.043) in overweight and obese women. Additionally, VD3 supplementation reduced the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST,
=0.035), alanine aminotransferase (ALT,
<0.0001) in overweight and obese women. Despite this, the serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), fasting glucose (FG), and alpha-1- acid glycoprotein (A1GPA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were similar between groups.
In summary, a single oral megadose of VD3 increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels but did not improve oxidative stress and inflammation markers.
Objectives
Significant weight loss and/or loss of appetite is a criterion of a depressive episode. While malnutrition is associated with many adverse health outcomes, the impact of malnutrition in ...late-life depression has hardly been examined. The present study aims to (
1
) evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition in depressed older inpatients, and (
2
) whether and which indices of malnutrition predict adverse health outcomes in late-life depression.
Design
A prospective study at 6 months follow-up.
Setting
A University-based psychiatric hospital.
Participants
105 older adults (psychiatric inpatients suffering from unipolar MDD).
Measurements
Participants were evaluated according the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and anthropometric measures to assess their nutritional status. Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between the MNA score as well as anthropometric measures with either falls or rehospitalization for any reason.
Results
Based on the MNA score, 78 (74.3%) patients were at risk of malnutrition and 13 (12.4%) actually presented malnutrition. Malnutrition was associated with a higher age, frailty, lower body mass index, and smaller calf circumference. During follow-up, 21 (20%) patients fell, 27 (25.7%) were rehospitalized, and 3 died (2.9%). The MNA score was associated with adverse health outcomes, but a low calf circumference predicted falling (OR 4.93 95% CI: 1.42–17.2, p=.012) and a higher calf circumference rehospitalization (OR 1.17 95% CI: 1.01–1.35, p=.032).
Conclusion
Malnutrition is prevalent in older depressed inpatients. In contrast to subjective proxies for malnutrition, which are common in depression, only objective measures of malnutrition predict adverse health outcomes such as falls and rehospitalization.
Aluminum absorption leads to deposits in several tissues. In this study, we have investigated, to our knowledge for the first time, aluminum deposition in the salivary glands in addition to the ...resultant cellular changes in the parotid and submandibular salivary glands in a model of chronic intoxication with aluminum citrate in rats. Aluminum deposits were observed in the parotid and submandibular glands. Immunohistochemical evaluation of cytokeratin-18 revealed a decreased expression in the parotid gland with no changes in the submandibular gland. A decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin was observed in the myoepithelial cells of both glands. The expression of metallothionein I and II (MT-I/II), a group of metal-binding proteins, which are useful indicators for detecting physiological responses to metal exposure, was higher in both glands. In conclusion, we have shown that at a certain time and quantity of dosage, aluminum citrate promotes aluminum deposition in the parotid and submandibular glands, leads to an increased expression of MT-I/II in both the glands, damages the cytoskeleton of the myoepithelial cells in both glands, and damages the cytoskeleton of the acinar/ductal cells of the parotid glands, with the submandibular glands showing resistance to the toxicity of the latter.
Neglected parasitic diseases are a group of infections currently considered as a worldwide concern. This fact can be attributed to the migration of these diseases to developed and developing ...countries, associated with therapeutic insufficiency resulted from the low investment in the research and development of new drugs. In order to overcome this situation, bioprospecting supports medicinal chemistry in the identification of new scaffolds with therapeutically appropriate physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Among them, we highlight the nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, as they are secondary metabolites of many natural products with potential biological activity. The objective of this work was to review studies within a 10-year timeframe (2009- 2019), focusing on the pharmacological application of nitrogen bioprospectives (pyrrole, pyridine, indole, quinoline, acridine, and their respective derivatives) against neglected parasitic infections (malaria, leishmania, trypanosomiases, and schistosomiasis), and their application as a template for semi-synthesis or total synthesis of potential antiparasitic agents. In our studies, it was observed that among the selected articles, there was a higher focus on the attempt to identify and obtain novel antimalarial compounds, in a way that an extensive amount of studies involving all heterocyclic nitrogen nuclei were found. On the other hand, the parasites with the lowest number of publications up until the present date have been trypanosomiasis, especially those caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and schistosomiasis, where some heterocyclics have not even been cited in recent years. Thus, we conclude that despite the great biodiversity on the planet, little attention has been given to certain neglected tropical diseases, especially those that reach countries with a high poverty rate.
This study was undertaken to understand how Lentinula edodes modulates in vivo mutagenesis induced by alkylating agents in bone marrow and peripheral blood as described in our previous article. Male ...Swiss mice were pretreated for 15 consecutive days with aqueous extracts prepared from L. edodes, after which, the number of circulating blood cells, normal erythroid bone marrow cell cycling, and phagocytosis of micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) and activation of spleen macrophages were assessed. The results indicate that the antimutagenicity seen in bone marrow and peripheral blood is exerted by distinct compounds with different actions. The antimutagenic effect in bone marrow is exerted by compounds subject to degradation at deep-freeze storage temperature of −20°C. On the other hand, compounds responsible for antimutagenicity in peripheral blood are not subject to degradation at −20°C. The results also indicate that the antimutagenic action in peripheral blood leading to the reduction of circulating MNRET occurs in the spleen primarily through a phagocytic activity due to higher macrophage numbers and probably not due to the enhanced activation state of individual cells.
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunolocalization of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) after autogenous block grafting covered or not with an e-PTFE membrane. Study ...Design Forty-eight rats were divided into 2 groups, autogenous block graft (B) and autogenous block graft + e-PTFE membrane (MB), and were evaluated by immunohistochemistry at baseline and 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45 days. Results The largest number of positive cells in the recipient bed was observed after 3 days in both groups. At the graft border, the largest number of positive cells was seen after 7 days in group B and after 14 days in group MB. The highest proportion of staining in the graft was observed after 3 days in group B and after 21 days in group MB. Conclusions High proportions of stain were related to intense revascularization and osteogenesis. Except for the interface, BMP-2 staining occurred later in group MB than in group B in all structures analyzed.
O SRTM - Shutle Radar Topography Mission – é uma missão o qual gerou-se uma base topográfica digital de alta resolução. A SRTM consiste num sistema de radar especialmente modificado que voou a bordo ...do Endea-vour (ônibus espacial), em fevereiro de 2000. As imagens obtidas pelo SRTM garantiu amplas aplicações em estudos espaciais, uma vez que os processos de comunicação visual para a produção de cartografia de base e mapas de precisão da análise espacial foram utilizados. O presente estudo foi baseado em duas etapas de processamento de dados: inicialmente, incidiu sobre a manipulação de bases vetorizadas (dados de hidrografia obtidos pelo IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) e, em seguida, gerou-se informações vetorizadas a partir de imagens SRTM. A área de estudo é a Bacia do Rio Grande, MG/SP. Usando o programa de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica - ArcGIS 9.3.1 - foi obtido pelo módulo Spatial Analyst a hidrografia que foi extraída do SRTM. Após essa extração, foram comparadas as informações obtidas com o IBGE (vetor da base de dados utilizando o módulo Arcscan/ArcGIS) e as informações obtidas pelo SRTM. Verificou-se uma ligeira diferença entre a distribuição e a concentração dos prováveis canais de drenagem entre os mapas dos vetores gerados (IBGE x SRTM). O trabalho demonstrou o uso dos dados do SRTM possibilitando a atualização de dados da rede hidrográfica de extensas áreas de modo bastante facilitado, com a vantagem de ser organizado pela mesma equipe e pelo mesmo processo metodológico, sem riscos de desigualdades durante sua geração.
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