Abstract
The Plant Promoter Analysis Navigator (PlantPAN; http://PlantPAN.itps.ncku.edu.tw/) is an effective resource for predicting regulatory elements and reconstructing transcriptional regulatory ...networks for plant genes. In this release (PlantPAN 3.0), 17 230 TFs were collected from 78 plant species. To explore regulatory landscapes, genomic locations of TFBSs have been captured from 662 public ChIP-seq samples using standard data processing. A total of 1 233 999 regulatory linkages were identified from 99 regulatory factors (TFs, histones and other DNA-binding proteins) and their target genes across seven species. Additionally, this new version added 2449 matrices extracted from ChIP-seq peaks for cis-regulatory element prediction. In addition to integrated ChIP-seq data, four major improvements were provided for more comprehensive information of TF binding events, including (i) 1107 experimentally verified TF matrices from the literature, (ii) gene regulation network comparison between two species, (iii) 3D structures of TFs and TF-DNA complexes and (iv) condition-specific co-expression networks of TFs and their target genes extended to four species. The PlantPAN 3.0 can not only be efficiently used to investigate critical cis- and trans-regulatory elements in plant promoters, but also to reconstruct high-confidence relationships among TF–targets under specific conditions.
Sulfated metal–organic framework-808 (S-MOF-808) exhibits strong Brønsted-acidic character which makes it a potential candidate for the heterogeneous acid catalysis. Here, we report the isomerization ...and oligomerization reactions of light olefins (C3–C6) over S-MOF-808 at relatively low temperatures and ambient pressure. Different products (dimers, isomers, and heavier oligomers) were obtained for different olefins, and effective C–C coupling was observed between isobutene and isopentene. Among the substrates investigated, facile oligomerization occurred very specifically for the structures with an α-double bond and two substituents at the second carbon atom of the main carbon chain. The possible oligomerization mechanism of light olefins was discussed based on the reactivity and selectivity trends. Moreover, the deactivation and regeneration of S-MOF-808 were investigated. The catalyst deactivates via two mechanisms which predominance depends on the substrate and reaction conditions. Above 110 °C, a loss of acidic sites was observed due to water desorption, and the deactivated catalyst could be regenerated by a simple treatment with water vapor. For C5 substrates and unsaturated ethers, the oligomers with increased molecular weight caused deactivation via blocking of the active sites, which could not be readily reversed. These findings offer the first systematic report on carbocation-mediated olefin coupling within MOFs in which the Brønsted acidity is associated with the secondary building units of the MOF itself and is not related to any guest substance hosted within its pore system.
A photoconversion efficiency of 1.83 % was observed for a photodevice based on ZnO nanowires sensitized with CdTe quantum dots (QDs; see picture; FTO=F‐doped SnO2), which is more than 200 % greater ...than that of pristine ZnO nanowires. The presence of CdTe QDs on the surface of ZnO nanowires was confirmed by HRTEM and elemental mapping.
Since late 2013, several outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection have emerged in Taiwan. Suckling piglets under 2 weeks of age showed severe vomiting and watery yellowish ...diarrhea with morbidity and mortality ranging from 80 to 100% and 90 to 100%, respectively. A total of 68 samples from 25 pig farms were confirmed as positive for PEDV and negative for rotavirus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus by reverse transcription PCR, and the partial S gene of PEDV was analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis places all 18 Taiwanese PEDV isolates collected during this outbreak in the same clade as the US strains of PEDV. This novel PEDV is prevailing and currently causing severe outbreaks in Taiwan.
Need for clean energy is imminent and methanol is considered as a promising alternative energy source. Conventional process for the production of methanol has been achieved via syngas which is ...derived by the steam reforming of methane or naphtha and the gasification of coal. Methanol can also be prepared by direct oxidation of methane (natural gas) or reduction of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) with hydrogen. In this way, carbon-neutral cycling can be achieved and world’s dependence on fossil fuels will be alleviated. In this minireview, we will address case by case some recent advancements in the conversion of methane and CO
2
to methanol both homogeneously and heterogeneously with emphasis on the contribution from Professor George A. Olah’s and our group. In the end, a short outlook is provided towards existing problems and future opportunities.
This study examines the relationship between primary energy consumption (PEC) and real gross domestic product (real GDP) in the top four major energy consumers in Asia, namely, China, India, Japan, ...and South Korea. The study period is from 1982–2018, covering 37 years of data after the second oil crisis (1979–1981). Bootstrap panel Granger causality method is applied to examine the causal relationship between PEC and real GDP. This method is capable of controlling cross-sectional dimension and cross-country heterogeneity. In addition, few studies investigate the relevance of real GDP to energy consumption, although real GDP adjusted by inflation provides an accurate picture of a country’s economic situation. Our results contribute to existing literature in the field of PEC and real GDP. Through rigorous empirical research, we derive the main conclusion as follows. The real GDP and PEC of the top four energy consumers in Asia seem to be affected by the burst of the speculative Internet bubble from 2000–2001. Therefore, this study divides the research period into three periods: 1982–2018, 1982–2001, and 2002–2018. During the 1982–2018 period, an independent causal relationship is observed between real GDP and PEC for all four countries, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. During the 1982–2001 period, a unidirectional causal relationship running from PEC to real GDP is observed, thus supporting the energy growth hypothesis. Moreover, the coefficient is significantly negative in India; that is, PEC constrains economic development. Thus, the Indian government should reform its energy efficiency and consumption technologies to reduce energy waste. During the 2002–2018 period, an independent causal relationship is observed between real GDP and energy consumption for all four countries, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. This study then changes real GDP into nominal GDP and finds a unidirectional causal relationship running from PEC to nominal GDP in South Korea, thus supporting the growth hypothesis. A unidirectional causal relationship is also observed running from nominal GDP to PEC in India, thus supporting the energy conservation hypothesis. As mentioned above, we find that the relationship between PEC and real GDP adjusted by the GDP deflator is weaker than that between PEC and nominal GDP. Nominal GDP strengthens its relationship with PEC through the effect of prices for all the goods and services produced in an economy.
People with central nervous system disorders typically have difficulties in coordination of the upper limb and hand movements, which significantly impairs their activities of daily living. ...Laboratory-based measures can provide quantitative and objective information about intra-limb coordination to aid the rehabilitation process of this population. However, there is currently no comprehensive review of laboratory-based measures.
The aim of this review was to identify and summarize laboratory-based intra-limb coordination measures for different upper limb and hand movements.
Searches were performed in the CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify studies published between 2013 and 2022. Two authors independently performed paper selection, data extraction and quality assessment.
21 papers were identified, and six types of coordination measures were classified. These included principal component analysis, continuous relative phase analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, uncontrolled manifold analysis, and uncorrelated surrogate data analysis, in descending order of occurrence. Regarding psychometric properties, all measures demonstrated good discriminative validity. However, only the principal component analysis approach and the continuous relative phase analysis approach were found to have good convergent validity and responsiveness, respectively. In terms of their practicality, these measures were primarily utilized for quantifying coordination in individuals with neurological disorders, with a greater emphasis on the coordination of upper limb movements rather than hand movements.
This review summarized and critiqued the characteristics of six types of joint coordination measures. Researchers and clinicians should therefore select appropriate measures based on individual needs. Future research should continue on analysing coordination in individuals with pathological conditions and exploring the application of these measures in quantifying hand movement coordination, to advance current knowledge and inform rehabilitation practices.
A 16-Gb/s edge-based sub-baud-rate digital clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit is presented. By using the proposed edge-based sub-baud-rate technique and a passive high-pass filter, the ...complementary clocks are used to save the power. To improve the jitter tolerance, the intrinsic delay of the high-pass filter is compensated by using compensation delay cells. The proposed sub-baud-rate CDR circuit is fabricated in 40-nm CMOS technology. Its active area is 0.0376mm2 and the power is 23.2mW for a supply of 1.2V at the data rate of 16 Gb/s. The calculated energy efficiency of this CDR circuit is 1.45 pJ/b.
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is prone to early dysfunction and relates to poor outcome. However, little is known about the role of early AVF dysfunction as an independent risk factor for death in ...hemodialysis patients. A retrospective cohort study was performed using data of patients who underwent initial AVF surgery at a single institution. Demographic, clinical, biochemistry and AVF parameters were extracted from the electronic records, and the association between these variables and mortality was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 501 patients on hemodialysis (63.4 ± 12.7 years, 57.3% male) were included, and the median observation period was 3.66 years. In multivariate analysis, early failure of AVF (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.54 (1.06-2.24); p = 0.023) was associated with overall mortality but not cardiovascular mortality. Other identified predictors of overall mortality included older age, peripheral artery disease (PAD), cardiomegaly, higher white blood cell (WBC) count and corrected calcium level, and lower total cholesterol level, while predictors of cardiovascular mortality included older age, coronary artery disease (CAD), PAD and lower hemoglobin level. In conclusion, patients with early AVF failure were associated with increased risk of overall mortality.
Service organizations encourage employees to express positive emotions in service encounters, in the hope that customers “catch” these emotions and react positively. Yet customer and employee ...emotions could be mutually influential. To understand emotional exchanges in service encounters and their influences on customer outcomes, the current study models the interplay of emotional contagion and emotional labor, as well as their influence on customer satisfaction. Employees might catch customers’ emotions and transmit those emotions back to customers through emotional contagion, and employee emotional labor likely influences this cycle by modifying the extent to which emotional contagion occurs. Data from 268 customer-employee dyads, gathered from a large chain of foot massage parlors, confirm the existence of an emotion cycle. Deep acting, as one type of emotional labor used by employees, hinders the transmission of negative emotions to customers, whereas surface acting facilitates it. Both customer emotions and employee emotional labor thus have critical influences on service encounters. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the potential influence of customer preservice emotions and the presence of an emotion cycle during service delivery.
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