Including the von Mises, the Drucker–Prager and the Hill there are many material plastic models with the yield criteria based on the quadratic yield functions. In this paper we study the associated ...plastic flow model with an anisotropic yield criterion
σ
t
C
−1
σ
+
2
V
t
σ
=
2
S
y
, where
σ is a suitable stress vector and
V reflects the asymmetric yield strength in tension and compression, and with an anisotropic elastic law
σ
˙
=
K
ε
˙
in the elastic phase. We first consider the term
σ
t
C
−1
σ to be a strain-energy, which means that the anisotropic tensor
C is positive definite and coincides with the elastic tensor
K. Under this additional assumption, we can prove that the governing equations of plasticity can be linearized in a non-canonical Minkowski space. The internal symmetry of the plastic equation is a special orthochronous pseudo-linear group
SL
(
n
,
1
,
R
)
. A further variable transformation reveals a canonical Minkowski structure, of which the plastic equation exhibits the proper orthochronous Lorentz group symmetry SO
o(
n,
1).
Then, we release the constraint by allowing the above
C
−1 to be free, which may be positive, non-positive or even singular. For this case the plastic equation becomes highly non-linear. We approach this problem by converting the non-linear constitutive equations to a Lie system
X
˙
=
A
(
X
,
t
)
X
on a pseudo-Riemann manifold, where
A
∈
sl
(
n
,
1
,
R
)
is a real Lie algebra of the special orthochronous pseudo-linear group
SL
(
n
,
1
,
R
)
. The underlying space in the plastic phase is a cone with the metric tensor indefinite having a signature (
n,
1) and also dependent on the temporal component. Based on these symmetry groups the exact solutions or the Cayley transform are developed, which can update the stress point exactly on the yield surface at every time increment without any iteration. As numerical examples, we calculate the stress responses for the Drucker–Prager and Hill models.
This study subgroups schizophrenic patients based on symptoms assessed on admission and examines the validity of the subgrouping using follow-up data and other clinical outcome variables. ...Schizophrenic patients (
n=163) from consecutive admission received ratings on the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) on admission and during a 1-year follow-up course. An exploratory graphic analysis on the admission PANSS derived four symptom dimensions: negative symptoms, disorganized thought, hostility/excitement and delusions/hallucinations. This yielded two subgroups of patients on admission, a group with marked negative (GWNEG) and a group without marked negative (GONEG) symptoms. Compared with the GONEG, the GWNEG had a poorer recovery rate, more impairment in attention, a slower response of the delusion/hallucination symptoms to neuroleptic treatment and a longer duration of index hospitalization. At a one-year follow-up, the GWNEG assessed on admission had persistently higher scores on the negative symptom and disorganized thought syndromes, less relapse rate, a shorter duration on job, as well as worse social functioning than the GONEG. Thus, the GONEG might comprise patients having a pure paranoid syndrome with quick and better treatment response, while the GWNEG comprises patients with the blunt-disorganization syndrome having a poorer outcome.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication using antiviral agents augments the metabolic profile. Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in chronic hepatitis C patients who receive ...glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) remain elusive.
Data from 2417 patients treated with GLE/PIB from the Taiwan HCV Registry were analyzed, and pretreatment HbA1c levels were compared with 3-months after the-end-of treatment levels. A sustained virological response (SVR) was defined as undetectable HCV RNA at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. A significant change in HbA1c level was defined as the 75th percentile of the change in the HbA1c level before and after treatment (decrement >0.2%).
Serum HbA1c levels decreased significantly (6.0 vs 5.9%, P < 0.001). Post-treatment HbA1c levels decreased in all subgroups, except in non-SVR patients (5.7 vs 5.7%, P = 0.79). Compared to patients without significant HbA1c improvement (decrement >0.2%), those with HbA1c improvement were older (60.2 vs 58.6 years, P < 0.001), had higher serum creatinine levels (1.9 vs 1.6 mg/dL, P < 0.001), triglycerides (129.8 vs 106.2 mg/dL, P < 0.001), fasting glucose (135.8 vs 104.0 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and pretreatment HbA1c (7.1 vs 5.7%, P < 0.001) and had a higher proportion of male sex (57.9% vs 50.9%, P = 0.003), diabetes (84.3 vs 16.8%, P < 0.001), more advanced stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (15.7 vs 11.1 %, P < 0.001), anti-diabetic medication use (47.3 vs 16.4%, P < 0.001) and fatty liver (49.6 vs 38.3 %, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors associated with significant HbA1c improvement were age (odds ratio OR/95% confidence intervals CI: 1.01/1.00–1.02, P = 0.01), HbA1c level (OR/CI: 2.83/2.48–3.24, P < 0.001) and advanced CKD stages (OR/CI: 1.16/1.05–1.28, P = 0.004). If the HbA1c variable was not considered, the factors associated with significant HbA1c improvement included alanine aminotransferase level (OR/CI, 1.002/1.000–1.004, P = 0.01), fasting glucose level (OR/CI: 1.010/1.006–1.013, P < 0.001), and diabetes (OR/CI: 3.35/2.52–4.45, P < 0.001).
The HbA1c levels improved shortly after HCV eradication using GLE/PIB. The improvement in glycemic control can be generalized to all subpopulations, particularly in patients with a higher baseline HbA1c level or diabetes.
•HbA1c levels improved shortly after HCV eradication with DAAs treatment.•Post-treatment HbA1c levels decreased significantly in all subgroups stratified by age, sex, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, liver cirrhosis, HCV viral load, HCV genotype, and renal function, except in patients without SVR.•A Significant decrease in HbA1c levels was observed in patients with higher baseline HbA1c levels or diabetes.
This paper proposes a variable sampling simulation method using SIMULINK for brushless DC motor (BLDC) drives with low-resolution position sensors (Hall sensors). Variable sampling is an interesting ...and important topic in discrete-time robust control. Nevertheless, there is no suitable simulation tool for the BLDC motor drive to simulate variable sampling. We present three subsystems for variable sampling simulation: the first is continuous time model of BLDC motors, the second is variable sampling trigger, and the next is discrete time speed with variable sampling time constant estimator. Based on the variable sampling simulation method using SIMULINK, the simulation and implementation of variable sampling robust control will become more easily.
Purpose: Poor contour of the implant restoration causes plaque accumulation and increases the risk of peri-implantitis. This study aimed to investigate whether the prosthodontic components of dental ...implants were associated with the prevalence of peri-implantitis.Methods: We enrolled 185 patients with 348 implants who underwent at least 1-year follow-up after the delivery of the prosthesis from February 2010 to January 2021. Demographic data of the patients and implants and the follow-up period were recorded. The emergence angle, type of cervical crown contour, and contour angle were analyzed using annual bite-wing radiographs. Peri-implantitis in this study was diagnosed if the peri-implant bone loss was greater than 2 mm between the bite-wing radiographs taken at baseline and the latest. Chi-square test, two-sample t-test, and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the differences and odds ratios between the peri-implantitis and non-peri-implantitis groups.Results: The incidence of peri-implantitis was 14.9% during a follow-up period of 1509 days after the delivery of the prosthesis for at least 1-year. Based on the prevalence of non-peri-implantitis and after adjusting for confounding factors, the risk factors identified were bone types for implants (native bone vs. alveolar ridge preservation: adjusted odds ratio = 2.43, P = 0.04). Sex, arch, and guided bone regeneration vs. alveolar ridge preservation have the potential for a statistical difference.Conclusions: Compared with implants at alveolar ridge preservation sites, implants in the native bone were more prone to peri-implantitis. Further randomized controlled trials are required to determine these associations.
Variable sampling is important issue for the motor drives with low resolution position sensors. We present the fuzzy PI (proportional and integral) controller for brushless dc (BLDC) motors ...considering variable sampling effect in this paper, and this controller uses three fuzzy logics and three PI controllers to achieve variable sampling control. Therefore, the simple structure of the fuzzy PI controller for BLDC motors considering variable sampling effect is not only implemented and understood easily, but also robust in variable speed control system.
The electronic and magnetic structure of orthorhombic (o-) YMn0.5Fe0.5O3 (YMFO) epitaxial film (space group Pbnm) deposited on the YAlO3 (010) substrate have been investigated using linear ...polarization-dependent x-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetization measurements. The magnetic-ordering temperature of around 280 K is observed in o-YMFO film. The x-ray absorption spectra at the Fe-K and the Mn-K edges indicate the existence of anisotropic crystal field in o-YMFO film, with the longest and shortest Fe–O and Mn–O bonds tend to align with the crystallographic b- and a-axis, respectively, whereas the medium Fe(Mn)–O bond is aligned with the c-axis. The experimental x-ray magnetic linear dichroism at the Fe-L2 edges demonstrate an unusual single antiferromagnetic axis of Fe3+ ions below magnetic-ordering temperature, while a multi antiferromagnetic axis is generally observed in o-RFeO3 (R = rare earth) thin films. Our configuration-interaction cluster calculations also reveal that the single antiferromagnetic axis of the Fe sublattice is aligned with the b-axis in o-YMFO film, whereas it is directed along the a-axis in the bulk o-YFeO3.
•The single antiferromagnetic axis of Fe3+ ions is observed below Néel temperature.•The cluster calculations verify that the spin of Fe3+ ions is aligned with b-axis.•The absence of spin reorientation is revealed in orthorhombic YMn0.5Fe0.5O3 film.
Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is an established modality for the surgical management of neuropathic pain. Although the preventive effect of primary (acute) TMR at the time of amputation has ...been demonstrated previously, it remains unclear how many and which patients benefit most. Therefore, this study investigated the proportion of patients achieving sustained pain prophylaxis following amputation, as well as factors associated with its efficacy.
Primary patients who underwent TMR with a minimum follow-up of 6 months between 2018 and 2023 were enrolled. Pain outcomes (numeric rating scale NRS, 0–10), comorbidities, and surgical factors were collected from chart review. Patients achieving sustained pain prophylaxis (NRS of ≤3 for ≥3 months until final follow-up) were identified. Multilevel mixed-effect models and multivariable regression were used to visualize pain courses and identify associated factors.
Seventy-five patients who underwent primary TMR were included (median follow-up: 2.0 years), of whom 57.3% achieved sustained pain prophylaxis whereas 26.7% reported pain disappearance. Distal amputation levels (p = 0.036), a lower Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (p = 0.001), and the absence of psychiatric comorbidities (p = 0.039) were associated with pain prophylaxis.
This study demonstrates that more than half of all patients undergoing primary TMR achieved sustained pain prophylaxis, and approximately a quarter of patients achieved sustained pain disappearance. Several factors associated with these favorable outcomes are described. These results will aid in preoperative counseling, managing patient expectations, and selecting patients who may benefit most from primary TMR surgery.
IV – Therapeutic
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