•3D MCo–CF networks prepared by electrospinning as enzyme-free glucose sensors.•Large surface area of CuCo–CFs and synergistic effect of the CoIII/IV and CuII/III redox couples.•A large sensitivity ...of 507μAcm−2mM−1 and a wide linear range of 0.02–11mM for CuCo–CFs.•Excellent anti-interference and stability of CuCo–CFs for glucose detection.
A series of bimetallic MCo (M=Cu, Fe, Ni, and Mn) nanoparticles anchored and embedded in carbon nanofibers (CFs) have been synthesized by electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment processes for the first time. The contents, structures, and morphologies of MCo–CFs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction, etc. The characterization results reveal that the three-dimensional network films are assembled by bimetallic MCo alloys doped-extremely long CFs except MnCo–CFs. The performances for non-enzymatic glucose detection were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Detection results display that, the catalytic abilities obey the order of CuCo–CFs>FeCo–CFs>NiCo–CFs>Co–CFs>MnCo–CFs. It is clear that, benefit from the structural advantages of the 3-D network films and the synergistic effect of the Co(III)/Co(IV) and Cu(II)/Cu(III) redox couples, CuCo–CFs display the best detection efficiency even for the glucose detection in human serum samples (as shown by a large sensitivity of 507μAcm−2mM−1, a response time within 2s, a linear range from 0.02 to 11mM, good reproducibility, considerable long-term stability, and excellent anti-interference to electroactive molecules or Cl−). The superior catalytic activity, excellent stability, good selectivity, low cost, and ease of fabrication make CuCo–CFs very promising for developing an electrochemical device to direct detection glucose.
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths accounting for 24% of all cancer deaths. As a crucial phase of tumor progression, lung cancer metastasis is linked to over 70% of ...these mortalities. In recent years, exosomes have received increasing research attention in their role in the induction of carcinogenesis and metastasis in the lung. In this review, recent studies on the contribution of exosomes to lung cancer metastasis are discussed, particularly highlighting the role of lung tumor-derived exosomes in immune system evasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis, and their involvement at both the pre-metastatic and metastatic phases. The clinical application of exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers, their role in antitumor drug resistance, and their utility as predictive biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis are also presented. The metastatic activity, a complex multistep process of cancer cell invasion, survival in blood vessels, attachment and subsequent colonization of the host's organs, is integrated with exosomal effects. Exosomes act as functional mediating factors in cell–cell communication, influencing various steps of the metastatic cascade. To this end, lung cancer cell-derived exosomes enhance cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, regulate drug resistance, and antitumor immune activities during lung carcinogenesis, and are currently being explored as an important component in liquid biopsy assessment for diagnosing lung cancer. These nano-sized extracellular vesicles are also being explored as delivery vehicles for therapeutic molecules owing to their unique properties of biocompatibility, circulatory stability, decreased toxicity, and tumor specificity. The current knowledge of the role of exosomes highlights an array of exosome-dependent pathways and cargoes that are ripe for exploiting therapeutic targets to treat lung cancer metastasis, and for predictive value assessment in diagnosis, prognosis, and anti-tumor drug resistance.
The strength anisotropy for inherent anisotropic rocks presents a challenge to simulate considering the influence of intermediate principal stress. Based on the modified Lade failure criterion, a new ...anisotropic modified Lade criterion combining an empirical equation is established and verified using published experimental datasets of anisotropic rocks. The incremental constitutive model for anisotropic rocks is derived by using finite difference theory. The dynamic link library (DLL) module of the model is obtained by using the VC++ program, and then the model is validated against various laboratory test results. It is concluded that the proposed criterion and derived model can describe the strength anisotropy of inherent anisotropic rocks well.
The aim of this study was to explore the latest prevalence of hyperuricemia and influencing factors in Chinese rural population.
A survey was conducted from July 2015 to September 2017. A total of ...38,855 (15,371 men and 23,484 women) subjects were recruited from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum urate level of >7.0 mg/dL for men and >6.0 mg/dL for women. A meta-analysis of 19 studies that focused on hyperuricemia prevalence was performed to validate the result of the cross-sectional survey.
The crude and age-standardized prevalence of hyperuricemia was 10.24% and 12.60%, respectively. The prevalence of hyperuricemia decreased in men with increasing age, but the opposite trend was observed in women. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that hyperuricemia prevalence in Chinese rural areas was 11.7%, consistent with the result of current survey. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that overweight or obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia and high serum creatinine level could increase the risk of hyperuricemia, while high physical activity and fasting plasma glucose were associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia in all participants.
The latest prevalence of hyperuricemia is high in rural China and is associated with multiple factors, indicating that prevention and control strategies for hyperuricemia are needed urgently.
Abstract
Keratitis is the main cause of corneal blindness worldwide. Most vision loss caused by keratitis can be avoidable via early detection and treatment. The diagnosis of keratitis often requires ...skilled ophthalmologists. However, the world is short of ophthalmologists, especially in resource-limited settings, making the early diagnosis of keratitis challenging. Here, we develop a deep learning system for the automated classification of keratitis, other cornea abnormalities, and normal cornea based on 6,567 slit-lamp images. Our system exhibits remarkable performance in cornea images captured by the different types of digital slit lamp cameras and a smartphone with the super macro mode (all AUCs>0.96). The comparable sensitivity and specificity in keratitis detection are observed between the system and experienced cornea specialists. Our system has the potential to be applied to both digital slit lamp cameras and smartphones to promote the early diagnosis and treatment of keratitis, preventing the corneal blindness caused by keratitis.
Surgery remains the most effective cancer treatment, but residual disease in the form of scattered micro-metastases and tumor cells is usually unavoidable. Whether minimal residual disease results in ...clinical metastases is a function of host defense and tumor survival and growth. The much interesting intersection of anesthesiology and immunology has drawn increasing clinical interest, particularly, the existing concern of the possibility that the perioperative and intraoperative anesthetic care of the surgical oncology patient could meaningfully influence tumor recurrence. This paper examines current data, including recent large clinical trials to determine whether the current level of evidence warrants a change in practice. Available pieces of evidence from clinical studies are particularly limited, largely retrospective, smaller sample size, and often contradictory, causing several questions and providing few answers. Recent randomized controlled clinical trials, including the largest study (NCT00418457), report no difference in cancer recurrence between regional and general anesthesia after potentially curative surgery. Until further evidence strongly implicates anesthesia in future clinical trials, clinicians may continue to choose the optimum anesthetic-analgesic agents and techniques in consultation with their cancer patients, based on their expertise and current best practice.
The mass flow of abrasive is one of the significant factors, which affects the erosion rate of abrasive gas jet eroding rock and coal, because it affects rebounding abrasives and the shielding ...effect. However, the effect of abrasive mass flow on abrasive acceleration has been little studied in favor of research on abrasive particle erosion, which is of prime importance for the determination of how the mass flow affects the erosion rate. Therefore, in this study, the effect of mass flow on erosion rates was investigated by numerical simulation and experiment, to analyze the effect of mass flow on abrasive acceleration. It can be concluded that the influence of pressure cannot be ignored, as it determines the time and distance of abrasive acceleration. Each pressure has a corresponding optimal mass flow that can achieve the maximum erosion rate. The erosion rate begins to decrease when the mass flow exceeds the optimal value. The wave-like flow-field structure of free jets influences the distribution character of the abrasive, and leads to the formation of the annular structure of the abrasive flow field. The mass flow barely affects the distribution of abrasive, but clearly affects the abrasive velocity. As the mass flow increases, the distance and time of acceleration of the abrasive decrease, which causes the amount of high-speed abrasive on both sides of the jet axis to decrease and the velocity also decreases.
Spiral antenna sensors are commonly used in partial discharge (PD) ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection in gas-insulated switchgears (GISs). However, most of the existing UHF spiral antenna sensors ...are based on a rigid base and balun, such as FR-4. The safe built-in installation of antenna sensors requires the complex structural transformation of GISs. To solve this problem, a low-profile spiral antenna sensor is designed based on a polyimide (PI) flexible base, and its performance is optimized by improving the clearance ratio. The simulation and measurement results show that the profile height and diameter of the designed antenna sensor is 0.3 mm and 137 mm, which is 99.7% and 25.4% smaller than the traditional spiral antenna. Under a different bending radius, the antenna sensor can maintain VSWR ≤ 5 in 650 MHz~3 GHz, and its maximum
is up to 6.1 dB. Finally, the PD detection performance of the antenna sensor is carried out on a real 220 kV GIS. The results show that, after being built in, the PD with a weak discharge magnitude of 4.5 pC can be effectively detected by the antenna sensor, and the antenna sensor has the ability to quantify the severity of PD. In addition, through the simulation, the antenna sensor has potential for the detection of micro water in GISs.
•Positive associations of air pollutants with MetS were found in rural Chinese adults.•Physical activity was negatively associated with MetS in rural Chinese adults.•Air pollutants attenuated the ...negative association of physical activity with MetS.
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and physical activity are linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the joint effect of physical activity and ambient air pollution on MetS remains largely unknown in rural Chinese adult population.
In this study, 39 089 individuals were included from the Henan Rural Cohort study that recruited 39 259 individuals at the baseline. Participants' exposure to air pollutants (including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 µm (PM1), ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), or ≤ 10 µm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) were evaluated by using a spatiotemporal model based on satellites data. Individuals were defined as MetS according to the recommendation of the Joint Interim Societies. Physical activity-metabolic equivalent (MET) was calculated based on the formula of MET coefficient of activity × duration (hour per time) × frequency (times per week). Generalized linear models were used to analyze the individual air pollutant or physical activity and their interaction on MetS. Interaction effects of individual air pollutant and physical activity on MetS were assessed by using Interaction plots which exhibited the estimated effect of physical activity on MetS as a function of individual air pollutant.
The prevalence of MetS was 30.8%. The adjusted odd ratio of MetS with a per 5 µg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, PM10, NO2 or a 10 MET (hour/day) of physical activity increment was 1.251(1.199, 1.306), 1.424(1.360, 1.491), 1.228(1.203, 1.254), 1.408(1.363, 1.455) or 0.814(0.796, 0.833). The protective effect of physical activity on MetS was decreased with accompanying air pollutant concentrations increased.
The results indicated that long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants related to increased risk of MetS and physical activity attenuated the effects of ambient air pollutants on increased risk for MetS.
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