Recently, with the rapid developments of the Internet and social networks, there have been tremendous increase in the amount of complex-structured text resources. These information explosions require ...extensive studies as well as more advanced methods in order to better understand and effectively model/learn these high-dimensional/structure-complicated textual datasets. Moving along with the recent progresses in deep learning and textual representation learning approaches, many researchers in this domain have been attracted by utilizing different deep neural architectures for learning essential features from texts. These novel neural architectures must enable to handle complex textual feature engineering. Moreover, it also has to be able to extract deeper semantic and structural information from textual resources. Recently, there are several integrations between advanced deep learning architectures, such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs), sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) and transformers in text classification have been proposed. These hybrid deep neural architectures have shed light on how computers can comprehensively process sequential information from texts to fine-tune for leveraging the performance of multiple tasks in natural language processing, including classification. However, most of recent RNN-based techniques still suffer from several limitations. These limitations are mainly related to the capability of capturing the global long-range dependent as well syntactical structures of the given text corpus. There are some recent studies have shown that a combination of graph-based text representation and graph neural network (GNN) approaches can cope with these challenges. In this survey works, we mainly focus on discussing about recent state-of-the-art studies which are mainly dedicated on the text graph representation learning through GNN, named as TG-GNN. In addition, beside the TG-GNN based models’ features and capability discussions, we also mentioned about the pros/cons. Extensive comparative studies of TG-GNN based techniques in benchmark datasets for text classification problem are also provided in this survey. Finally, we highlight existing challenges as well as identify perspectives which might be useful for future improvements in this research direction.
This study investigates the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) score on the financial performance of listed companies in the Southeast Asia. The study contributes to the existing ...literature in providing an empirical evidence for a regional analysis in developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and extending the existing models by incorporating macroeconomic and COVID-19 variables. The study estimates the impact of ESG score on financial performance using the Fixed Effect Model from the panel data comprising 225 listed companies in the six countries in the Southeast Asia including Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines in three years from 2020 to 2022. The statistics implies the ESG practices in Southeast Asia still insufficient and significant variations among enterprises. A one-year lagged ESG variable has a significantly positive impact on financial performance. The COVID-19 infection rate has a significant negative impact on the return on asset (ROA); meanwhile, the ROA experiences a slight increase with a rise in GDP growth. The results also enhance our understanding of ESG investments and underscores their importance in shaping investment choices, especially in rapidly developing Southeast Asian economies, where prioritizing ESG factors is crucial for sustainable development.
This study investigated the effects of UV‐A and UV‐A‐closed visible light (deep‐blue DB) on the growth and bioactive compound accumulation of green and red perilla. Four‐week‐old seedlings were ...cultivated in an environment control room under visible light with red, blue and white LEDs for 4 weeks and then were continuously grown under supplemental UV‐A (365 nm and 385 nm) and DB (415 nm and 430 nm) lights for 7 days. UV‐A and DB treatments did not enhance the growth characteristics of green perilla compared with the control; while these treatments enhanced the growth parameters of red perilla, and the values were highest in DB 415 nm. The photosynthesis rate of both cultivars showed similar trends as the growth results of each cultivar. The electron transport rate and maximum quantum yield of both cultivars were reduced under UV‐A 365 nm, while these values were maintained in DB treatments. In both cultivars, total phenolic, antioxidant capacity, rosmarinic and caffeic acids and perillaldehyde levels were enhanced in DB treatments, whereas UV‐A 365 nm and DB 415 nm increased the total anthocyanin content. Overall, supplemental DB 415 nm and 430 nm was suitable for improving the growth and biochemical accumulation of both perilla cultivars.
Four‐week‐old seedlings were cultivated in an environment control room under visible light with red, blue and white LEDs for 4 weeks and then were continuously grown under supplemental UV‐A (365 nm and 385 nm) and deep‐blue (DB) (415 nm and 430 nm) LED lights for 7 days. DB LEDs increased growth and photosynthetic rate as well as antioxidants and phenolic compounds in both cultivars. UV‐A LEDs showed the lower effects on both cultivars compared to deep blue LEDs. In conclusion, supplement of DB LEDs light was more effective for enhancing growth and phytochemical accumulation of two perilla cultivars.
Lanthanum (La)-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized with different La concentrations by employing a gel combustion method using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The as-synthesized photocatalysts ...were characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The average size of ZnO nanoparticles decreased from 34.3 to 10.3 nm with increasing concentrations of La, and the band gap, as evaluated by linear fitting, decreased from 3.10 to 2.78 eV. Additionally, it was found that the photocatalytic activity of doped samples, as investigated by using methyl orange dye under visible lights, improved in response to the increase in La concentration. The decomposition of methyl orange reached 85.86% after 150 min in visible light using La0.1Zn0.9O as the photocatalyst.
Epigenetic marks do not follow the Mendelian laws of inheritance. The environment can alter the epigenotype of an individual when exposed to different external stressors. In lactating cows, the first ...stages of gestation overlap with the lactation peak, creating a negative energy balance that is difficult to overcome with diet. This negative energy balance could affect early embryo development that must compete with the mammary tissue for nutrients. We hypothesize that the methylation profiles of calves born to nonlactating heifers are different from those of calves born to lactating cows. We found 50,277 differentially methylated cytosines and 2,281 differentially methylated regions between these two groups of animals. A comethylation network was constructed to study the correlation between the phenotypes of the mothers and the epigenome of the calves, revealing 265 regions associated with the phenotypes. Our study revealed the presence of DMCs and DMRs in calves gestated by heifers and lactating cows, which were linked to the dam's lactation and the calves' ICAP and milk EBV. Gene-specific analysis highlighted associations with vasculature and organ morphogenesis and cell communication and signalling. These finding support the hypothesis that calves gestated by nonlactating mothers have a different methylation profile than those gestated by lactating cows.Epigenetic marks do not follow the Mendelian laws of inheritance. The environment can alter the epigenotype of an individual when exposed to different external stressors. In lactating cows, the first stages of gestation overlap with the lactation peak, creating a negative energy balance that is difficult to overcome with diet. This negative energy balance could affect early embryo development that must compete with the mammary tissue for nutrients. We hypothesize that the methylation profiles of calves born to nonlactating heifers are different from those of calves born to lactating cows. We found 50,277 differentially methylated cytosines and 2,281 differentially methylated regions between these two groups of animals. A comethylation network was constructed to study the correlation between the phenotypes of the mothers and the epigenome of the calves, revealing 265 regions associated with the phenotypes. Our study revealed the presence of DMCs and DMRs in calves gestated by heifers and lactating cows, which were linked to the dam's lactation and the calves' ICAP and milk EBV. Gene-specific analysis highlighted associations with vasculature and organ morphogenesis and cell communication and signalling. These finding support the hypothesis that calves gestated by nonlactating mothers have a different methylation profile than those gestated by lactating cows.
Spatiotemporal changes in the chromatin accessibility landscape are essential to cell differentiation, development, health, and disease. The quest of identifying regulatory elements in open chromatin ...regions across different tissues and developmental stages is led by large international collaborative efforts mostly focusing on model organisms, such as ENCODE. Recently, the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) has been established to unravel the regulatory elements in non-model organisms, including cattle. Now, we can transition from prediction to validation by experimentally identifying the regulatory elements in tropical indicine cattle. The identification of regulatory elements, their annotation and comparison with the taurine counterpart, holds high promise to link regulatory regions to adaptability traits and improve animal productivity and welfare.
We generate open chromatin profiles for liver, muscle, and hypothalamus of indicine cattle through ATAC-seq. Using robust methods for motif discovery, motif enrichment and transcription factor binding sites, we identify potential master regulators of the epigenomic profile in these three tissues, namely HNF4, MEF2, and SOX factors, respectively. Integration with transcriptomic data allows us to confirm some of their target genes. Finally, by comparing our results with Bos taurus data we identify potential indicine-specific open chromatin regions and overlaps with indicine selective sweeps.
Our findings provide insights into the identification and analysis of regulatory elements in non-model organisms, the evolution of regulatory elements within two cattle subspecies as well as having an immediate impact on the animal genetics community in particular for a relevant productive species such as tropical cattle.
Summary
What is known and objective
Despite the numerous studies investigating drug‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), the understanding and quantitative data in ...developing countries remain limited. The study aimed to describe and quantify the drug‐related risk of SJS/TEN in a resource‐limited context using the Vietnamese spontaneous reporting database (VSRD) of adverse drug reactions.
Methods
Spontaneous reports relating to medium‐ and late‐onset severe cutaneous adverse reactions (MLOSCAR) and SJS/TEN recorded in the VSRD from 2010 to 2015 were retrospectively analysed. The demographic characteristics and drug information were described and compared between SJS/TEN and other MLOSCAR reports. The drug‐induced SJS/TEN signals were estimated using subgrouped disproportionality analysis with calculation of the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the respective 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
The VSRD received 2,849 MLOSCAR reports, 136 of which focus on SJS/TEN over a 6‐year period. About 60% of SJS/TEN patients were male, and the majority of them were adults (mean age 42.5 ± 22.9). Up to 91.8% of drugs induced SJS/TEN within 1‐28 days, and 45% SJS/TEN cases were evaluated as life‐threatening. Positive signals were generated with carbamazepine (n = 25, ROR 95% CI = 11.99 7.07‐19.92), allopurinol (n = 15, ROR 95% CI = 4.2 2.20‐7.59), traditional/herbal medicines (n = 7, ROR 95% CI = 2.76 1.12‐5.86), colchicine (n = 4, ROR 95% CI = 6.22 1.69‐18.72), valproic acid (n = 3, ROR 95% CI = 8.71 1.89‐30.19) and meloxicam (n = 3, ROR 95% CI = 7.09 1.55‐24.29), which are well known for SJS/TEN. Cefixime (n = 5, ROR 95% CI = 3.34 1.13‐8.00) and paracetamol (n = 22, ROR 95% CI = 5.23 3.10‐8.49) also generated positive signals despite their popularity in Vietnam.
What is new and conclusion
This first Vietnamese population‐based study has highlighted original characteristics and signals of drug‐induced SJS/TEN, which are relatively consistent with other worldwide data and typical for a developing country.
Selection flow chart for SJS/TEN and MLOSCAR reports in the Vietnamese Spontaneous Reporting Database
Most traits in livestock, crops and humans are polygenic, that is, a large number of loci contribute to genetic variation. Effects at these loci lie along a continuum ranging from common low-effect ...to rare high-effect variants that cumulatively contribute to the overall phenotype. Statistical methods to calculate the effect of these loci have been developed and can be used to predict phenotypes in new individuals. In agriculture, these methods are used to select superior individuals using genomic breeding values; in humans these methods are used to quantitatively measure an individual's disease risk, termed polygenic risk scores. Both fields typically use SNP array genotypes for the analysis. Recently, genotyping-by-sequencing has become popular, due to lower cost and greater genome coverage (including structural variants). Oxford Nanopore Technologies' (ONT) portable sequencers have the potential to combine the benefits genotyping-by-sequencing with portability and decreased turn-around time. This introduces the potential for in-house clinical genetic disease risk screening in humans or calculating genomic breeding values on-farm in agriculture. Here we demonstrate the potential of the later by calculating genomic breeding values for four traits in cattle using low-coverage ONT sequence data and comparing these breeding values to breeding values calculated from SNP arrays. At sequencing coverages between 2X and 4X the correlation between ONT breeding values and SNP array-based breeding values was > 0.92 when imputation was used and > 0.88 when no imputation was used. With an average sequencing coverage of 0.5x the correlation between the two methods was between 0.85 and 0.92 using imputation, depending on the trait. This suggests that ONT sequencing has potential for in clinic or on-farm genomic prediction, however, further work to validate these findings in a larger population still remains.
Vietnam has abundant natural resources, but a high vulnerability to climate change. The Vietnamese government, therefore, has avddeclared its intention to encourage clean energy development. To ...achieve this, the cost of renewables needs to be competitive with fossil fuels. The purpose of this paper is to review past studies of the levelised international costs for various renewable energy resources and compare them to the costs of renewables in Vietnam. In Vietnam, there is evidence that the cost of non-hydro renewables has fallen in recent years, as they have internationally, making them more viable. In the Vietnamese case, however, the potential for growth in the use of non-hydro renewables is impeded by the low cost of hydropower, which constitutes a significant barrier to the introduction of non-hydro renewables in the short to medium terms.
•Vietnam has abundant natural resources, but a high vulnerability to climate change.•The Vietnamese Government, therefore, has declared its intention to encourage clean energy development.•To achieve this the cost of renewable energy needs to be competitive with fossil fuels.•The purpose of this paper is to review past studies and compare the levelled costs for renewable energy internationally and in Vietnam.•Despite there being potential for growth in the use of non-hydro renewables, the low cost of hydro-electricity will be a barrier.
Dengue shock syndrome is characterized by severe vascular leakage and disordered hemostasis and progresses to death in 1 to 5 percent of cases. Although volume replacement is recognized as the ...critical therapeutic intervention, World Health Organization management guidelines remain empirical rather than evidence-based.
We performed a double-blind, randomized comparison of three fluids for initial resuscitation of Vietnamese children with dengue shock syndrome. We randomly assigned 383 children with moderately severe shock to receive Ringer's lactate, 6 percent dextran 70 (a colloid), or 6 percent hydroxyethyl starch (a colloid) and 129 children with severe shock to receive one of the colloids. The primary outcome measure was requirement for rescue colloid at any time after administration of the study fluid.
Only one patient died (<0.2 percent mortality). The primary outcome measure--requirement for rescue colloid--was similar for the different fluids in the two severity groups. The relative risk of requirement for rescue colloid was 1.08 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.47; P=0.65) among children with moderate shock who received Ringer's lactate as compared with either of the colloid solutions, 1.13 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.74; P=0.59) among children who received dextran as compared with starch in the group with severe shock, and 0.88 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.66 to 1.17; P=0.38) among children who received dextran as compared with starch in the combined analysis. Although treatment with Ringer's lactate resulted in less rapid improvement in the hematocrit and a marginally longer time to initial recovery than did treatment with either of the colloid solutions, there were no differences in all other measures of treatment response. Only minor differences in efficacy were detected between the two colloids, but significantly more recipients of dextran than of starch had adverse reactions. Bleeding manifestations, coagulation derangements, and severity of fluid overload were similar for all fluid-treatment groups.
Initial resuscitation with Ringer's lactate is indicated for children with moderately severe dengue shock syndrome. Dextran 70 and 6 percent hydroxyethyl starch perform similarly in children with severe shock, but given the adverse reactions associated with the use of dextran, starch may be preferable for this group.
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