Registers recording only 1 tumour per patient do not enable assessment of the real burden of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. To investigate recent changes in the incidence and characteristics of ...tumours, a retrospective 15-year patient cohort study was performed in Finland. Histopathological diagnoses of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed between 2016 and 2020 were obtained from the pathology database and clinical data from patient medical records and combined with previously collected data for the years 2006-2015. Altogether 1,472 patients with 2,056 tumours were identified. The crude incidence increased from 19/100,000 persons in 2006 to 42 in 2020 (p < 0.001), increasing most in people aged over 80 years. The percentage of tumours located on the trunk increased from 5.3% during the first 5-year period, 2006-2010, to 9.0% in 2016-2020. Also, the location of tumours was significantly different between men and women, as men had more tumours on the scalp and ears, and women on the lower limbs. A slight change in the tumours from poorly to well differentiated and a decrease in the invasion depth were noted between 2006 and 2020. As the burden of tumours continues to increase, more attention should be paid to their prevention.
Arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc concentrations in the edible part of wild and farmed
Sparus aurata
from Algerian coastal were determined. The highest concentrations of cadmium (0.0078 mg kg
...−1
wet weight), copper (0.98 mg kg
−1
w.w), and zinc (5.1 mg kg
−1
w.w) were recorded in farmed sea bream, whereas the highest arsenic (5.02 mg kg
−1
w.w) and lead (0.006 mg kg
−1
w.w) levels were registered in wild one. The statistical analysis (Friedman test,
p
< 0.05) indicated that the origin of fish (wild, farmed in a cage, and farmed in raceway) has relevance to the distribution of metal. Estimated weekly intake of inorganic arsenic, cadmium, and lead for a 72.5-kg person consuming
Sparus aurata
from Algeria does not exceed 1% of the WHO/JECFA recommended rate for all metals, certainly due to the limited consumption of seafood products by the local population. The total target hazard index is far less than “one” 1, and the carcinogenic risk for arsenic exceeds the acceptable value of 10
−5
. Based on the result of this study, the potential risk to human health from the consumption of contaminate farmed sea bream (in the cage) should be considered.
This study revealed the dynamics of the genus
Ostreopsis
in the south-western Mediterranean Sea fish farm during the 2016 and 2017 summers. This phytoplankton is known to produce palytoxin-like ...compounds, listed among the most potent marine toxins known, and can pose a serious concern for humans in the Mediterranean area. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained the significance of temperature, salinity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the proliferation of this toxic dinoflagellate. The peak of the
Ostreopsis
sp. (6.34 × 10
3
cells L
−1
) was recorded at 28.4 °C, at a salinity of 38.3 PSU, and the dissolved inorganic nitrogen had a value of 0.60 μmol L
−1
. Our results highlight the importance of monitoring the proliferation of this harmful dinoflagellate in southern Mediterranean waters.
Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease that occurs in chickens. In the absence of control measures, MD causes devastating losses to commercial poultry flocks. Vaccination has enabled ...dramatic success in the prevention and control of MD. However, the MD vaccination program has failed frequently, and occasional clinical outbreaks have been reported in the vaccinated flocks as well. The present study aimed to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of the field cases of MD in broiler breeder flocks.
A survey on the update of MD occurrence in Algerian broiler breeder flocks was conducted from June 2020 to September 2020. Ten vaccinated broiler breeder flocks located in Central Algeria and having progressive tumors in different visceral organs were evaluated for MD virus infection by conducting a histopathological examination of the birds.
The age of the birds affected with MD ranged from 13 to 22 weeks. The mortality rate varied sensitively from 4% to 10%. The clinical symptoms reported in the affected flocks included locomotor, nervous, digestive, and respiratory symptoms. Necropsy of the dead or euthanized birds revealed visceral lymphomatosis in several organs and macroscopic changes in the peripheral nerves (including loss of longitudinal striation, color change grayish, and volume increase). The histopathological findings included the infiltration and proliferation of lymphocytes and blast cells (lymphoblasts) in various organs of the birds, which are the typical characteristics of MD and, therefore, confirmed the field infection of MD in these birds.
The present study provided evidence for the high prevalence of MD in the broiler breeder flocks vaccinated with a bivalent vaccine (turkey herpesvirus+Rispens) at the hatchery. The findings of the present study may indicate high-level failure of vaccination in these birds.
Indoor environments are affected by a number of organic contaminants, whose concentrations can exceed by orders of magnitude those found outdoors in external air. At this regard, polycyclic aromatic ...hydrocarbons (PAHs) deserve a special concern. PAHs occur in the air both in the gaseous and particulate forms; they are associated to fine aerosols and soil dust, and deposit on surfaces. Nonetheless, scarce information exists about the PAH pollution of indoor locations in Northern Africa. PAHs were first investigated in dust of interiors in Ouargla (Saharan Algeria), concurrently with n-alkanes and polar organics. Settled dust was collected from pre-cleaned surfaces (0.5 m2 each) at 7 internal locations in total from a school, the city hospital and university, and a home. Three sample series were collected 15, 30 days and random after the preliminary cleaning of surfaces. Contemporarily, organic compounds were collected at 15 locations of the target sites by deploying diffusive samplers over the whole study period to obtain molecular signatures of semi-volatile organic fraction. A consolidated procedure consisting of ultra-sonic bath extraction, semi-preparative column chromatography and gas chromatographic - mass spectrometric analysis was applied for chemical characterization of dusts. n-Alkanes ranged from 3.8 to 41 μg/m2 in dust and 0.17–2.42 μg/m3 in gas phase. PAHs concentrations were 17–89 ng/m2 and 45–182 ng/m3, respectively. Caffeine and nicotine were found both in dust (63–2,02 ng/m2 and 7–284 ng/m2, respectively) and as vapors in air (4–416 ng/m3 and 3.5–60 ng/m3). Two sites were affected by cannabinoids, while traces of nonylphenols occurred at all locations. External air was, on the average, more affected by PAHs than the interiors of school and hospital, but not of university. The compound concentrations show that Ouargla city is seriously polluted and requires actions to improve air quality.
•n-Alkanes and PAHs were investigated in indoor air in Ouargla, Algeria.•n-Alkanes were of twin origin (anthropogenic and biogenic). Indoor PAHs in Ouargla ranged from 17 to 182 ng/m3.•As for dust, the home was more PAH polluted than the hospital, university and school.•Phthalates, caffeine, nicotine, nonylphenols and cannabinol affected interiors of Ouargla.
Oocyte maturation is a key process during which the female germ cell undergoes resumption of meiosis and completes its preparation for embryonic development including cytoplasmic and epigenetic ...maturation. The cumulus cells directly surrounding the oocyte are involved in this process by transferring essential metabolites, such as pyruvate, to the oocyte. This process is controlled by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent mechanisms recruited downstream of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling in cumulus cells. As mitochondria have a critical but poorly understood contribution to this process, we defined the effects of FSH and high cAMP concentrations on mitochondrial dynamics and function in porcine cumulus cells. During in vitro maturation (IVM) of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), we observed an FSH-dependent mitochondrial elongation shortly after stimulation that led to mitochondrial fragmentation 24 h later. Importantly, mitochondrial elongation was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial activity and a switch to glycolysis. During a pre-IVM culture step increasing intracellular cAMP, mitochondrial fragmentation was prevented. Altogether, the results demonstrate that FSH triggers rapid changes in mitochondrial structure and function in COCs involving cAMP.
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) frequently infects broilers and is responsible for severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. It has also been associated with kidney damage in ...the broiler flocks. The aim of the present study is to determine the presence of IBV and its possible involvement in kidney damage of broiler chicks.
14 clinically diseased broiler flocks from Western and Central Algeria were sampled and analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by phylogenic analysis.
The QX (100%) and 4/91 (60%) IBV serotypes were the most prevalent in the kidney damaged broilers regardless of vaccination status. The molecular detection of avian IBV by RT-PCR identified six samples as positive, of which only two isolates were typable by sequencing. We identified a novel IBDZ13a genotype which showed 93% sequence homology to the partial-S1 gene sequence of the IB 4/91 commercial vaccine strain. Sequencing analysis characterized this virus as a novel and divergent IB 4/91 field virus with eight amino acid substitutions that might have resulted in altered immunogenicity.
The isolation of a new IBV strain (IBDZ13a) from vaccinated broiler flocks may explain the failure of the vaccination programs against IBV field strains. Combination of the HI test and RT-PCR indicated that the nephropathogenic IB outbreaks in broilers are related to this novel strain.
Abstract
In the ovarian follicle, a bilateral cell-to-cell communication exists between the female germ cell and the cumulus cells which surround the oocyte. This communication allows the transit of ...small size molecules known to impact oocyte developmental competence. Pyruvate derivatives produced by mitochondria, are one of these transferred molecules. Interestingly, mitochondria may adopt a variety of morphologies to regulate their functions. In this study, we described mitochondrial morphologies in porcine cumulus cells. Active mitochondria were stained with TMRM (Tetramethylrhodamine, Methyl Ester, Perchlorate) and observed with 2D confocal microscopy showing mitochondria of different morphologies such as short, intermediate, long, and very long. The number of mitochondria of each phenotype was quantified in cells and the results showed that most cells contained elongated mitochondria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed at nanoscale resolution the different mitochondrial morphologies including round, short, intermediate, and long. Interestingly, 3D visualisation by focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) revealed different complex mitochondrial morphologies including connected clusters of different sizes, branched mitochondria, as well as individual mitochondria. Since mitochondrial dynamics is a key regulator of function, the description of the mitochondrial network organisation will allow to further study mitochondrial dynamics in cumulus cells in response to various conditions such as in vitro maturation.
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles crucial for cellular homeostasis that contain their own genome. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication is a spatially regulated process essential for the ...maintenance of mitochondrial function, its defect causing mitochondrial diseases. mtDNA replication occurs at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites and is affected by mitochondrial dynamics: The absence of mitochondrial fusion is associated with mtDNA depletion whereas loss of mitochondrial fission causes the aggregation of mtDNA within abnormal structures termed mitobulbs. Here, we show that contact sites between mitochondria and ER sheets, the ER structure associated with protein synthesis, regulate mtDNA replication and distribution within mitochondrial networks. DRP1 loss or mutation leads to modified ER sheets and alters the interaction between ER sheets and mitochondria, disrupting RRBP1-SYNJ2BP interaction. Importantly, mtDNA distribution and replication were rescued by promoting ER sheets-mitochondria contact sites. Our work identifies the role of ER sheet-mitochondria contact sites in regulating mtDNA replication and distribution.
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•ER sheet structure and contact with mitochondria are altered in DRP1 mutants•This is associated with impaired replication and distribution of mitochondrial DNA•Rescuing ER sheet-mitochondria contacts (with SYNJ2BP) rescues nucleoid maintenance•Rescuing ER sheet structure (with CLIMP63) also rescues nucleoid maintenance
Biological sciences; Biochemistry; Cell biology
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