5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of malignant cancers. However, approximately 80% of patients undergoing 5-FU treatment suffer from gastrointestinal mucositis. The aim ...of this report was to identify the drug target for the 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis was established by intraperitoneally administering mice with 100 mg/kg 5-FU. Network analysis of gene expression profile and bioluminescent imaging were applied to identify the critical molecule associated with 5-FU-induced mucositis. Our data showed that 5-FU induced inflammation in the small intestine, characterized by the increased intestinal wall thickness and crypt length, the decreased villus height, and the increased myeloperoxidase activity in tissues and proinflammatory cytokine production in sera. Network analysis of 5-FU-affected genes by transcriptomic tool showed that the expression of genes was regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and NF-kappaB was the central molecule in the 5-FU-regulated biological network. NF-kappaB activity was activated by 5-FU in the intestine, which was judged by in vivo bioluminescence imaging and immunohistochemical staining. However, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) inhibited 5-FU-induced NF-kappaB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, 5-FU-induced histological changes were improved by 5-ASA. In conclusion, our findings suggested that NF-kappaB was the critical molecule associated with the pathogenesis of 5-FU-induced mucositis, and inhibition of NF-kappaB activity ameliorated the mucosal damage caused by 5-FU.
As the number of cores on a chip increases continuously, network-on-chip (NoC) becomes a critical component in SoC. To exploit the design space of NoC, trace-driven simulation is often used. However, ...preparing traces of different numbers of cores for design space exploitation can be time-consuming and require huge storage. In this paper, we propose trace retailoring for fast and on-the-fly trace generation. The idea is to transform a seed trace for a certain number of cores to new traces for different number of cores. This is done by representing traces using a concise structure called attack board. Trace retailoring then becomes that of manipulating attack board, which can be used in turn to generate traces on-the-fly during simulations. Our evaluations show that the retail red traces can produce performance results close to real traces, and thus can be used for design space explorations.
This research aims for developing a simple but novel hybrid electric scooter (HES) for enhancing output performance compared to electric scooters and engine scooters. The mechanical system, ...mechatronics, and vehicle control unit (VCU) were designed and implemented on a 125 c.c. engine vehicle. For the mechanical modification, it mainly includes: 1) integrating a 1.5kW wheel motor on the hub with a new rear arm, 2) equipping a one-way clutch between the continuously variable transmission (CVT) and the hub, 3) producing a "folded" tail pipe under the chassis. For the mechatronics, it includes: 1) modifying the accelerator with electric signal, 2) integrating a step motor on the engine throttle valve, 3) adding a programmable rapid prototyping controller to be the VCU and the harness for measurement/control signals was designed. For the energy management, three operation modes were designed according to the voltage of the accelerator: 1) EV (electric vehicle) mode: the VCU delivers the torque signal to the motor control unit (MCU) while the wheel motor was the single power source; 2) HEV-ready (hybrid electric scooter-ready) mode: before the HEV mode, a relay was controlled to activate the starter to drive the engine to the idle status; 3) HEV mode: both the motor and the engine drive the scooter with proper energy management. The rule-based control was coded on the Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow platform and was downloaded to the rapid prototyping controller. To evaluate the performance, the completed HES was tested on a chassis dynamometer with a speed tracking auto-pilot under the ECE 40 driving pattern. The functions of the HEV system were verified. The key parameters were measured and analyzed. The results prove that the novel HES operates well with the novel and simple designs. More operation modes and theoretical-based energy management will be completed and verified in the future.
The mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a rare congenital disorder of mitochondrial DNA. Patients with this syndrome may present acute ...onset of sensorineural hearing loss, which is genetic in origin. An impression of the MELAS syndrome is favored because hearing loss is part of the syndrome for some patients with epilepsy. We report a 20-year-old man who suffered from acute onset of bilateral hearing loss with epilepsy and two stroke-like events which recovered without any sequela. Epilepsy with complex partial seizures was controlled by antiepileptic drugs. Brain magnetic resonance images showed high signal lesions in bilateral temporal lobes. Serum levels of pyruvate and lactate were elevated. Muscle biopsy showed ragged-red fibers and molecular genetic study showed a point mutation of the mitochondrial A3243G gene. Mitochondrial disease with the MELAS syndrome was diagnosed and then he was treated with Co-enzyme Q10 and carnitine. The symptoms recovered gradually.
To identify the possible anatomic sites and risk factors for the development of confusion or delirium in patients with posterior cerebral arterial (PCA) infarction.
Twenty-nine patients aged 34-86 ...years with PCA infarction were divided into two groups: one with and the other without perturbed mentation. The clinical and laboratory data, including neuroimages, were retrospectively reviewed. Student-t, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed for data analysis.
Confusion or delirium tended to develop in the left (10/13) or bilateral (5/5) PCA infarction as compared to the right PCA infarction (3/15) (P< 0.05) and medial occipital-temporal gyri involvement was crucial for its development (P< 0.05). The results were also noted in the patients with first-ever stroke. Diabetes mellitus was the sole biochemical factor to be associated with confusion or delirium (P< 0.01).
The involvement of the medial occipito-temporal gyri, especially on the left side was the pivotal factor for the development of confusion or delirium in patients with PCA infarction. Higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was also observed in the group with mental perturbation.
Context discovery in sensor networks Chia-Hsing Hou; Hung-Chang Hsiao; Chung-Ta King ...
ITRE 2005. 3rd International Conference on Information Technology: Research and Education, 2005,
2005
Conference Proceeding
Context discovery refers loosely to the operations of extraction, aggregation, storage and deduction of environmental information. Such information can be delivered to context-aware applications so ...that they can adapt their behavior according to the discovered contexts. Context information may be sensed and extracted by various sensors deployed freely in the environment These sensors must be interconnected to allow sensed data be collected. They are often heterogeneous with different sensing and computing capabilities to allow multimodal sensing. To help the interaction among the heterogeneous sensors in a context-aware environment, we need an efficient data-centric communication substrate on top of these sensors. The substrate must be self-organizing, self-tuning, and self-healing. It also needs to exploit the ad hoc interactions among heterogeneous sensors for energy conservation and operation efficiency. In this paper, we introduce such a substrate called TRAILBLAZER to enable the discovery of high-level contexts. We evaluate TRAILBLAZER via simulation. The results show that the communication among sensors is efficient in terms of the consumed energy when compared with an ideal solution and it is also fault-resilient.
Advances in static random access memory (SRAM)-CIM devices are meant to increase capacity while improving energy efficiency (EF) and reducing computing latency (<inline-formula> <tex-math ...notation="LaTeX">T_{\mathrm {AC}} </tex-math></inline-formula>). This work presents a novel SRAM-CIM structure using: 1) a segmented-bitline charge-sharing (SBCS) scheme for multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations with low energy consumption and a consistently high signal margin across MAC values; 2) a bitline-combining (BL-CMB) scheme to reduce the number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and, thereby, provide options in determining a tradeoff between EF and inference accuracy; 3) a source-injection local-multiplication cell (SILMC) connected to two types of global-bitline-switch to support the SBCS and BL-CMB schemes with consistent signal margin against process variation in transistors; and 4) prioritized-hybrid ADC to suppress area and power overhead for analog readout operations. We fabricated a 28-nm 384-kb SRAM-CIM macro using foundry-provided compact-6T cells supporting MAC operations with 16 accumulations of 8-b input and 8-b weight with near-full precision output (20 b). This macro achieved <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">T_{\mathrm {AC}} </tex-math></inline-formula> of 7.2 ns and EF of 22.75 TOPS/W performing 8-b-MAC operations.
Computing-in-memory (CIM) based on SRAM is a promising approach to achieving energy-efficient multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations in artificial intelligence (AI) edge devices; however, existing ...SRAM-CIM chips support only DNN inference. The flow of training data requires that CIM arrays perform convolutional computation using transposed weight matrices. This article presents a two-way transpose (TWT) multiply cell with high resistance to process variation and a novel read scheme that uses input-aware zone prediction of maximum partial MAC values to enhance the signal margin for robust readout. A 28-nm 64-kb TWT CIM macro fabricated using foundry-provided compact 6T-SRAM cells achieved <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">T_{\text {AC}} </tex-math></inline-formula> of 3.8-21 ns and energy efficiency of 7-61.1 TOPS/W in performing MAC operations using 2-8-b inputs, 4-8-b weights, and 10-20-b outputs.
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