Stainless steels with high mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are promising structural materials for the next generation of aerospace and some niche industries. In this work, we ...pre-formed a gradient nanostructured (GNS) surface layer on 316L stainless steel by surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT) and subsequently annealed it at 700 °C. Tensile tests showed that the strength-ductility synergy was enhanced in the annealed-SMRT sample, while the grain size and hardness in the GNS layer retained rather stable. In addition, a remarkable Cr-enrichment was found in the GNS surface layer after annealing, resulting in a significantly enhanced corrosion resistance. The underlying mechanisms on the microstructure, composition and phases evolutions, as well as their effects on deformation and corrosion behavior, were analyzed in the annealed-SMRT sample. This work provides insights on developing a simple thermomechanical approach to produce stainless steels with enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
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Abstract
As China’s elderly population grows, residential areas need to provide an outdoor environment for their physical and mental health in good condition. Many studies have found that better ...outdoor environments in residential areas can improve the health of the elderly and increase their happiness. The Seniors’ Outdoor Survey (SOS) tool was developed as an effective and reliable assessment tool to evaluate the needs and preferences of the elderly in outdoor spaces. This study used the SOS tool to evaluate Shuiqinggou Park in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. The outdoor environment is divided into three parts for five domains of evaluation. The final average score of the whole environment is 84.35, the percentage is 86.9% compared with the total score, the Inter-rater ICC among trainers is 0.917, and the T-test value is 0.799. Through the results of the tools, it can be concluded that Shuiqinggou Park is a favorable outdoor space suitable and safe for the elderly. The study’s findings can help project managers and designers identify the essential outdoor characteristics for future construction and maintenance prioritization.
Assuming random mixing of atoms, design of high entropy alloys (HEAs) was used to follow a simple route by maximizing their configurational entropy of mixing. Here we propose a single-parameter ...design paradigm taking into account formation enthalpy and the excessive entropy of mixing, which arises from dense atomic packing and atomic size misfit. The proposed paradigm is verified using the data hitherto reported and proven to be a physically accepted thermodynamic parameter for the design of HEAs.
Background
Sarcopenia is an age-related disease, which is characterized by a decline in muscle mass and function. It is one of the most important health issues in the elderly and often leads to a ...high rate and variety of adverse outcomes.
Objectives
To evaluate the screening accuracy of SARC-F for sarcopenia in the elderly.
Design
We conducted a meta-analysis using articles available in 6 databases including PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), and Wanfang databases from inception to May 2020. Participants: Adults aged 60 years and older.
Measurements
Sarcopenia was defined by EWGSOP2, EWGSOP, AWGS, FNIH and IWGS. Two authors independently extracted data based on predefined criteria. Where data were available we calculated pooled summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) based on different criteria using the hierarchical logistic regression modeling including bivariate modeling and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) modeling.
Results
We included 20 studies, with the prevalence of sarcopenia ranging from 6.42% to 21.56%. The number of the literatures using EWGSOP, EWGSOP2, AWGS, IWGS and FNIH as diagnostic criteria was 13, 4, 13, 8, 7, respectively. Bivariate analysis yielded a pooled sensitivity of 32% (95%CI: 19%–47%), 77% (95%CI: 49%–92%), 27% (95%CI: 16%–42%), 39% (95%CI: 27%–52%), 35% (95%CI: 23%–49%) and a pooled specificity of 86% (95%CI:77%–92%), 63% (95%CI: 43%–79%), 91% (95%CI: 85%–95%), 86% (95%CI: 76%–92%), 89% (95%CI: 81%–93%), respectively. The area under the HSROC curve were 0.68 (95%CI: 0.64–0.72), 0.75 (95%CI: 0.71–0.78), 0.73 (95%CI: 0.69–0.77), 0.67 (95%CI: 0.62–0.71), 0.70 (95%CI: 0.65–0.73), respectively.
Conclusions
The screening accuracy of SARC-F was various based on different diagnostic criteria. There were some limitations for SARC-F, however, considering the higher practicability and specificity for screening sarcopenia in practice, SARC-F was still an effective screening tool for sarcopenia in the elderly. And the screening accuracy of SARC-F needs further exploration when EWGSOP2 is applied as diagnostic criteria and geriatric inpatients are the target participants.
Three inherited autosomal dominant conditions-BRCA-related hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), Lynch syndrome (LS) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)-have been termed the Centers for ...Disease Control and Prevention Tier 1 (CDCT1) genetic conditions, for which early identification and intervention have a meaningful potential for clinical actionability and a positive impact on public health
. In typical medical practice, genetic testing for these conditions is based on personal or family history, ethnic background or other demographic characteristics
. In this study of a cohort of 26,906 participants in the Healthy Nevada Project (HNP), we first evaluated whether population screening could efficiently identify carriers of these genetic conditions and, second, we evaluated the impact of genetic risk on health outcomes for these participants. We found a 1.33% combined carrier rate for pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) genetic variants for HBOC, LS and FH. Of these carriers, 21.9% of participants had clinically relevant disease, among whom 70% had been diagnosed with relevant disease before age 65. Moreover, 90% of the risk carriers had not been previously identified, and less than 19.8% of these had documentation in their medical records of inherited genetic disease risk, including family history. In a direct follow-up survey with all carriers, only 25.2% of individuals reported a family history of relevant disease. Our experience with the HNP suggests that genetic screening in patients could identify at-risk carriers, who would not be otherwise identified in routine care.
A
bstract
We consider the stringy interaction between two parallel stacks of D3 branes placed at a separation. Each stack of D3 branes in a similar fashion carry an electric flux and a magnetic flux ...with the two sharing no common field strength index. The interaction amplitude has an imaginary part, giving rise to the Schwinger-like pair production of open strings. We find a significantly enhanced rate of this production when the two electric fluxes are almost identical and the brane separation is on the order of string scale. This enhancement will be largest if the two magnetic fluxes are opposite in direction. This novel enhancement results from the interplay of the non-perturbative Schwinger-type pair production due to the electric flux and the stringy tachyon due to the magnetic flux, and may have realistic physical applications.
•A robust version of the VRPTW with demand and travel time uncertainty is studied.•A two-stage algorithm based on a modified AVNS heuristic is developed.•The robust solutions can greatly improve the ...route robustness by adding little cost.•Managerial insights are derived for decision-makers in the logistics industry.
Due to an increase in customer-oriented service strategies designed to meet more complex and exacting customer requirements, meeting a scheduled time window has become an important part of designing vehicle routes for logistics activities. However, practically, the uncertainty in travel times and customer demand often means vehicles miss these time windows, increasing service costs and decreasing customer satisfaction. In an effort to find a solution that meets the needs of real-world logistics, we examine the vehicle routing problem with hard time windows under demand and travel time uncertainty. To address the problem, we build a robust optimization model based on novel route-dependent uncertainty sets. However, due to the complex nature of the problem, the robust model is only able to tackle small-sized instances using standard solvers. Therefore, to tackle large instances, we design a two-stage algorithm based on a modified adaptive variable neighborhood search heuristic. The first stage of the algorithm minimizes the total number of vehicle routes, while the second stage minimizes the total travel distance. Extensive computational experiments are conducted with modified versions of Solomon’s benchmark instances. The numerical results show that the proposed two-stage algorithm is able to find optimal solutions for small-sized instances and good-quality robust solutions for large-sized instances with little increase to the total travel distance and/or the number of vehicles used. A detailed analysis of the results also reveals several managerial insights for decision-makers in the logistics industry.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has pivotal roles during embryonic development and carcinoma progression. Members of the Snai1 family of zinc finger transcription factors are central ...mediators of EMT and induce EMT in part by directly repressing epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, a gatekeeper of the epithelial phenotype and a suppressor of tumor invasion. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Snai1-mediated transcriptional repression remains incompletely understood. Here we show that Snai1 physically interacts with and recruits the histone demethylase LSD1 (KDM1A) to epithelial gene promoters. LSD1 removes dimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4m2), a covalent histone modification associated with active chromatin. Importantly, LSD1 is essential for Snai1-mediated transcriptional repression and for maintenance of the silenced state of Snai1 target genes in invasive cancer cells. In the absence of LSD1, Snai1 fails to repress E-cadherin. In cancer cells in which E-cadherin is silenced, depletion of LSD1 results in partial de-repression of epithelial genes and elevated H3K4m2 levels at the E-cadherin promoter. These results underline the critical role of LSD1 in Snai1-dependent transcriptional repression of epithelial markers and suggest that the LSD1 complex could be a potential therapeutic target for prevention of EMT-associated tumor invasion.
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