studying the percentage of body fat (%BF) in children and adolescents is very relevant, since a high level of body fat in childhood and adolescence represents overweight and obesity.
to identify the ...anthropometric indicators related to %BF and to validate regression equations to predict %BF in children and adolescents using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method.
a descriptive study (cross-sectional) was designed in 1126 schoolchildren (588 males and 538 females) from the Maule region (Chile). The age range ranged from 6.0 to 17.9 years. Weight, height, two skinfolds (tricipital and subscapular and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), triponderal mass index (TMI), waist height index (WHtR) were calculated. Body fat percentage (%BF) was assessed by DXA scanning.
the relationships between Σ (Tricipital + Subscapular), TMI and WHtR with %BF (DXA) ranged from R2 = 52 % to 54 % in men, and from R2 = 41 % to 49 % in women. The equations generated for men were: %BF = 9.775 + (0.415 * (Tr + SE) + (35.084 * WHtR) - (0.828 * age), R2 = 70 %, and %BF = 20.720 + (0.492 * (Tr + SE) + (0.354 * TMI) - (0.923 * age), R2 = 68 %, and for women: %BF = 8.608 + (0.291 * (Tr + SE) + (38.893 * WHtR) - (0.176 * age), R2 = 60 %, and %BF = 16.087 + (0.306 * (Tr + SE) + (0.818 * TMI) - (0.300 * age), R2 = 59 %.
this study showed that the sum of tricipital and subscapular skinfolds, IP and WHtR are adequate predictors of %BF. These indicators allowed the development of two regression equations acceptable in terms of precision and accuracy to predict %BF in children and adolescents of both sexes.
The objective of this research is to perform a systematic review about the effects due to the practice of Yoga in children with ASD (Autism spectrum disorder) and consider if this practice applies or ...not, as a complementary treatment in other interventions of the same characteristics. For the study, a systematic review of the literature was carried out using the PRISMA model, about the effects of yoga interventions in ASD. The search was carried out in the argument engines: World Wide Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed, inclusion criteria was; publications from the last 10 years, in Spanish and English, students within 16 years of age of both genders and as an exclusion criterion; articles from other systematic reviews, theses and books. The results yielded 677 publications that after following the selection protocol, elimination of duplicates and selection by title, nine articles were selected that fulfill the established criteria for an accurate review of their content. Yoga interventions presented positive effects in behavioral, social, emotional and physical aspects. Due to this, it is suggested to implement yoga method as a model of intervention as a complementary practice to ASD.
Objective
Identify changes in physical growth and abdominal adiposity at an interval of 14 years in children and adolescents living at a moderate altitude in Peru.
Materials and Methods
The data ...comes from two cross‐sectional studies carried out in the city of Arequipa, Peru, located at a moderate altitude of 2,320 meters. In 2001, 473 males and 482 females were assessed, and in 2015, 432 males and 403 females between 6.0 and 12.9 years old were evaluated. Data were collected in public state schools and measured using the anthropometric variables for weight, height, and waist circumference. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to age and sex.
Results
Positive trends for weight were identified for both males and females at all ages (p < .001). For height, significant increases were observed in males for all ages. No significant increases (p > .05) occurred in height for females between the ages of 6 and 8 years. However, commencing at age 9 until 12 years, females showed positive and significant increases (p < .001) in height. In 2015, BMI and waist circumference increased significantly for both sexes at all ages.
Discussion
Between 2001 and 2015, positive trends in physical growth and abdominal adiposity were identified for children and adolescents living in Arequipa, Peru. These changes may be associated with the rapid economic development in the country.
The objective of this research is to determine the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of para table tennis athletes with physical disabilities in the Ñuble region ...(Chile). A case study research was conducted, with a quantitative, non-experimental and cross-sectional approach with a sample of 4 athletes belonging to the promesas Chile program with an average age of 17.5±4.8 years. Anthropometric data related to body composition were obtained by means of the ISAK protocol, somatotype and somatocarta by means of the Heath-Carter method and the Hip-Waist Index (HWI) was obtained. The main results of this research indicate that three athletes (75%) present excess malnutrition according to BMI, while one athlete is in the normal weight category. Regarding the ICC, two male para-athletes are classified in very low risk of suffering metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, one in low risk and the female athlete in high risk. Two para-athletes showed an endomesomorph somatotype, while the remaining two have a mesoendomorph somatotype. As for the percentage of fat, two of them do not exceed 20%, placing them in the optimal and slightly overweight category respectively, while the other two are around 30%, placing them in the obese category. The anthropometric evaluation reveals worrying levels of overweight. In addition, a prevalence of endomorphic and mesomorphic somatotype profiles is observed. It is essential to implement training and nutritional education programs to improve their health and sports performance.
El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar las características antropométricas, composición corporal y somatotipo de los deportistas de paratenis de mesa con discapacidad física de la región de Ñuble (Chile). Se realizó una investigación de estudio de casos, con enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental y de corte transversal con una muestra de 4 deportistas pertenecientes al programa promesas Chile con un promedio de edad de 17.5±4.8 años. Se obtuvieron datos antropométricos relacionados a la composición corporal por medio del protocolo ISAK, el somatotipo y somatocarta mediante el método Heath-Carter y se obtuvo el Indice de Cintura Cadera (ICC). Los principales resultados de esta investigación indican que tres deportistas (75%) presentan malnutrición por exceso según el IMC, mientras que un deportista se encuentra en categoría normopeso. Respecto al ICC, dos paratletas varones clasifican en muy bajo riesgo de sufrir enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares, uno en bajo riesgo y la deportista mujer en alto riesgo. Dos paratletas arrojaron un somatotipo endomesomorfo, mientras que los dos restantes tienen un somatotipo mesoendomorfo. En cuanto al porcentaje de grasa, dos de ellos no superan el 20%, ubicándose en la categoría de óptimo y ligero sobrepeso respectivamente, mientras que los otros dos están alrededor del 30% quedando en categoría de obeso. La evaluación antropométrica revela preocupantes niveles de sobrepeso. Además, se observa una prevalencia de perfiles somatotípicos endomórficos y mesomórficos. Es esencial implementar programas de entrenamiento y educación nutricional para mejorar su salud y rendimiento deportivo.
The objective was to analyze research from the last 10 years on disability awareness and inclusion programs in physical education classes. The electronic bibliographic databases Web of Science, ...Pubmed, EBSCO, Dialnet and Scielo were used following the PRISMA method for the search between the years 2011 and 2022. The search strategy yielded a total of 48 results, of which seven met the inclusion criteria. The selected articles are recent and the sample of participants is significant and of mixed gender. On the other hand, the intervention strategies described in these articles are of an experimental nature with more than seven days of intervention. The overall results obtained indicate a positive attitude change influenced by the type of technique used. The analysis of the selected studies shows that school awareness programs help improve the attitude of the school community towards people with disabilities, with greater effectiveness in the direct contact technique.
Key words: School awareness programs, disability, adapted sport, inclusion, Physical education.
to verify the relationship between abdominal muscle endurance and the level of body fat, measured through the waist-to-height ratio, in young people with Down syndrome (DS).
A comparative descriptive ...study was carried out in 115 young people with DS (n = 65 men and n = 50 women) aged between 10 and 18 years, from the Maule Region. Age, weight, height, and waist circumference were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The abdominal muscle endurance test (AME) was evaluated in 60 seconds and clas sified into two categories (low AME and acceptable AME).
Subjects of both sexes classified with adequate levels of AME showed lower WHtR and BMI values (p < 0.05), while those classified with low levels of AME showed higher values of WHtR and BMI (p < 0.05). The correlations between adiposity and AME were negative and ranged in both sexes from r = 0.20 to 0.25, p < 0.05. Conclu sion: The study showed that young people of both sexes with DS classified with adequate levels of AME, presented decreased values of WHtR.
Objectives:
The goal of this study was to develop regression equations to estimate LM with anthropometric variables and to propose percentiles for evaluating by age and sex.
Methods:
A cross ...sectional study was conducted with 2,182 Chilean students (1,347 males and 835 females). Ages ranged from 5.0 to 17.9 years old. A total body scan was carried out with the double energy X-ray anthropometry (DXA) to examine and measure lean muscle mass of the entire body. Weight, height, and the circumference of the relaxed right arm were also measured.
Results:
Four anthropometric equations were generated to predict lean mass for both sexes (
R
2
= 83–88%, SEE = 3.7–5.0%, precision = 0.90–0.93, and accuracy = 0.99). The Lambda-mu-sigma method was used to obtain the sex-specific and age-specific percentile curves of lean mass (p3, p5, p10, p15, p25, p50, p75, p85, p90, p95, and p97).
Conclusion:
The four proposed equations were acceptable in terms of precision and accuracy to estimate lean mass in children and adolescents. The percentiles were created by means of anthropometric equations and real values for DXA. These are fundamental tools for monitoring LM in Chilean children and adolescents of both sexes.
Maintaining and building healthy bones during the lifetime requires a complicated interaction between a number of physiological and lifestyle factors. Our goal of this study was to analyze the ...association between hand grip strength and the maximum peak expiratory flow with bone mineral density and content in adolescent students.
The research team studied 1427 adolescent students of both sexes (750 males and 677 females) between the ages of 11.0 and 18.9 years in the Maule Region of Talca (Chile). Weight, standing height, sitting height, hand grip strength (HGS), and maximum peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. Furthermore, bone mineral density (BMD) and total body bone mineral content (BMC) were determined by using the Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Hand grip strength and PEF were categorized in tertiles (lowest, middle, and highest). Linear regression was performed in steps to analyze the relationship between the variables. Differences between categories were determined through ANOVA.
In males, the hand grip strength explained 18-19% of the BMD and 20-23% of the BMC. For the females, the percentage of variation occurred between 12 and 13% of the BMD and 17-18% of the BMC. The variation of PEF for the males was observed as 33% of the BMD and 36% of the BMC. For the females, both the BMD and BMC showed a variation of 19%. The HGS and PEF were divided into three categories (lowest, middle, and highest). In both cases, significant differences occurred in bone density health between the three categories.
In conclusion, the HGS and the PEF related positively to the bone density health of both sexes of adolescent students. The adolescents with poor values for hand grip strength and expiratory flow showed reduced values of BMD and BMC for the total body. Furthermore, the PEF had a greater influence on bone density health with respect to the HGS of the adolescents of both sexes.
Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: a) analizar la relación entre las variables antropométricas, edad cronológica, maduración somática y flujo espiratorio máximo con la Masa libre de grasa (MLG) de ...jóvenes nadadores y b) proponer ecuaciones de regresión que permitan predecir la MLG de nadadores por edad biológica y sexo. Se estudió a 36 nadadores (21 hombres y 15 mujeres) entre los 10.0 a 16.9 años, de la selección de Natación del Maule (Chile). Se evaluó el peso, estatura, estatura sentada, longitud del antebrazo, circunferencia de la pantorrilla y el Flujo espiratorio Máximo (FEM). Se calculó la edad cronológica y edad biológica por antropometría. Se obtuvo los valores de la composición corporal (MLG, Masa ósea y masa grasa) por medio de la Absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA). La MLG se relacionó con la edad cronológica (R2= 0.46), biológica (R2= 0.69), Peso (R2= 0.86), estatura (R2= 0.77), estatura sentada (R2= 0.66) longitud del antebrazo (R2= 0.69), circunferencia del brazo derecho (R2= 0.55) y FEM (R2= 0.69). Se generaron cuatro ecuaciones de regresión para cada sexo las que evidenciaron un R2 Ajustado entre 86 a 90% en hombres y en mujeres entre 95 a 97%. La edad biológica, la longitud del antebrazo, la circunferencia de la pantorrilla y el FEM son excelentes predictores de la MLG. Las ecuaciones generadas sirven para controlar, diagnosticar, monitorizar la MLG de los jóvenes nadadores por edad biológica y sexo.
Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es de comparar la velocidad de marcha (VM), fuerza de tren superior (PM) y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) en mujeres mayores que participan de forma ...regular en talleres de actividad física, según rango de edad, así como, verificar la asociación entre Edad, IMC y PM con VM en 10 metros. Metodología: Participaron voluntariamente 85 mujeres (70,1±6,9años) vinculadas al programa de talleres de adulto mayor del IND de la región de Ñuble. Las participantes fueron categorizadas según rango de edad (grupo total GT, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 y 80-84 años). Se evaluó el peso corporal y la estatura para el cálculo de IMC, la fuerza de tren superior con la prueba de prensión manual (PM) en la mano dominante y la VM en 10 metros. Resultados: Los principales resultados apuntan que la VM fue significativamente inferior para el grupo de 80-84 años comparados a los grupos GT (p<0.03), 60-64 (p<0.00) y de 65-69 años (p<0.03). El grupo 70-74 años fueron significativamente más lento que el de 60-64 años (p<0.02). La relación entre VM y PM para el grupo analizado fue positiva, baja y no significativa (r=0,20, p<0.06). Por fin, la Edad y el IMC resultaron en un modelo estadísticamente significativo F(2,82)=13,784; p<0.001; R2=0.252, EE = 0,204m/s para predicción de la VM. Conclusión: En general, concluimos que la VM se reduce en grupos con edades mayores y que la PM no presenta la misma tendencia, además que la Edad y el IMC son predictores de VM en mujeres mayores.
Abstract. The aim of this study is to compare the gait speed (VM), manual pressure force (PM) and the Body Mass Index (IMC) in older women who participate regularly in physical activity programs, according to age, as well as, to verify the association between Age, IMC and PM with MV in 10 meters. 85 older women (70.1 ± 6.9 years) from the physical activity program of the National Sports Institute of the Ñuble / Chile region voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were categorized according to age range (total group GT, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and 80-84 years). Body weight and height were evaluated for the calculation of IMC, upper body strength with the manual grip test (PM) in the dominant hand and the MV in 10 meters. Results: The main results indicate that MV was significantly lower for the 80-84 year-old group compared to the GT (p <0.03), 60-64 (p <0.00) and 65-69 years (p < 0.03). The 70-74 year group were significantly slower than the 60-64 year group (p <.024). The relationship between MV and PM for the analyzed group was positive, low and not significant (r = 0.20, p <0.06). Finally, Age and BMI resulted in a statistically significant model F (2,82) = 13,784; p <0.001; R2 = 0.252, SE = 0.204m / s for prediction of MV. Conclusion: In general, we conclude that MV decreased in older age groups and that PM does not present the same trend and that Age and IMC are predictors of MV in older women.
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