Background
Cerebellar mutism is usually associated with posterior fossa tumor surgery.
Case Report
We report a case of a 17-year-old female, presented with headache and tremor after hemorrhage from a ...vermian arteriovenous malformation. She was successfully treated by embolization; however, on immediate postoperative, she developed persistent mutism. To the best authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of cerebellar mutism after endovascular treatment reported in the medical literature.
Conclusion
The endovascular approach may have the same potential of complication of conventional surgery; therefore, more study is necessary to clarify the role and limits of this technique to treat cerebellar arteriovenous malformation.
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are characterized by pathologic shunts between meningeal arteries and venous sinuses, without nidus. Although many lesions are considered idiopathic, there may be ...an association with inflammatory processes, including sinus thrombosis, venous hypertension, craniotomy, trauma, and infections.
A 50-year-old woman with an infectious complication of a dental implant evolved with an occipital DAVF. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a dental implant-related DAVF reported in the medical literature.
Physicians should be aware of the possibility of DAVF formation after craniofacial infections. Better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of this type of lesion is required to avoid and treat potential complications.
PHACE(S) syndrome is a neurocutaneous syndrome with a wide array of presentations. The most known and present trait is facial hemangioma > 5 cm. The name is an acronym for Posterior fossa ...malformations, infantile Hemangiomas, Arterial anomalies, aortic Coarctation, Eye abnormalities, and middle-line malformations of the Sternum. The exact etiopathogenic mechanism of this syndrome is not fully understood, and its treatment depends on detailed and individualized assessment. The aim of this paper is to describe a child with a throat hemangioma, vascular malformations, cognitive delay, and other anomalies to illustrate the neuroimaging found in this syndrome.
Background
Patients with polycystic kidney disease have a higher prevalence of intracranial aneurysms and may progress to renal failure requiring transplantation. The endovascular treatment of ...intracranial aneurysms may improve prognosis, since rupture often causes premature death or disability, but the nephrotoxicity risk associated with contrast medium must be always considered in cases of renal impairment.
Methods
A 55-year-old female patient with polycystic kidney disease and grafted kidney associated with anterior communicant artery aneurysm was successfully treated by embolization.
Results
The renal function remained normal after the procedure. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of endovascular treatment of brain aneurysm in a transplanted patient reported in the medical literature.
Conclusions
The endovascular procedure in renal transplant patients is feasible and can be considered to treat this population. Further studies and cases are needed to confirm its safety.
Background: Percutaneous ganglyolysis treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is rarely associated with vascular complications, such as hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke. Internal carotid ...artery injury may also occur after misguided needle placement, particularly far posteriorly or medially, resulting in carotid cavernous fistula. Anatomical variations of the foramen ovale can predispose those complications.
Case Description: A young woman diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia during 11 years was submitted to a balloon rhizotomy by percutaneous approach to the trigeminal ganglion, with severe intraoperative bleeding. Cavernous syndrome developed few hours later. Magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography confirmed an indirect carotid cavernous sinus fistula, which was treated by one session of endovascular procedure using coils, achieving total occlusion of the fistula and total recovery of the symptoms.
Conclusions: Embolization with coils is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective procedure for the treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas, including those related to iatrogenic causes.
Background: Kabuki syndrome is a rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome whose main diagnostic findings are craniofacial phenotypic changes and mental retardation. Organic structural lesions in the ...central nervous system are rare, although have been described already. Systemic vascular changes have also been reported rarely.
Case Description: We report the case of a young patient with Kabuki syndrome who had a transient ischemic attack due to dissection of the internal carotid artery and a likely gliosis area on the white matter.
Conclusion: Association of cervical arterial disease with this syndrome has never been described, and its pathophysiology is not yet established; however, it can direct future research and maybe treatment.
Previous studies have shown that IL-10 can induce the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3) mRNA in human monocytes and neutrophils, suggesting that the capacity of IL-10 to ...inhibit the expression of LPS-inducible proinflammatory genes may depend on SOCS-3 induction. However, no direct experimental evidence has been provided to support such hypothesis. Herein, we show that stable transfection of SOCS-3 into the mouse macrophage cell line J774 resulted in an inhibition of NO, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and GM-CSF secretion in response to LPS at levels similar to those exerted by IL-10 in LPS-stimulated wild-type J774. Constitutive SOCS-3 expression also down-regulated the mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase and IL-6 and impaired the production of TNF-alpha, mainly at a post-transcriptional level. In addition, SOCS-3-transfected cells displayed a constitutive expression of the IL-1R antagonist gene, consistent with the observation that IL-10 enhances IL-1R antagonist mRNA in LPS-stimulated wild-type cells. Furthermore, in peritoneal macrophages harvested from mice carrying heterozygous disruption of the SOCS-3 gene, IL-10 was less effective in repressing LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha and NO production. Taken together, our data show that SOCS-3 inhibits LPS-induced macrophage activation, strongly supporting the idea that it plays a role in the molecular mechanism by which IL-10 down-modulates the effector functions of LPS-activated macrophages. Finally, we show that forced expression of SOCS-3 significantly suppresses the ability of IL-10 to trigger tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3. Therefore, SOCS-3 functions both as an LPS signal inhibitor and as a negative feedback regulator of IL-10/STAT3 signaling.
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