Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a novel non‐thermal tumor ablation technique. However, how nsPEF affect cell physiology at different environmental temperature is still kept unknown. But ...this issue is of critical clinical practice relevance. This work aim to investigate how nsPEF treated cancer cells react to different environmental temperatures (0, 4, 25, and 37°C). Their cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. Lower temperature resulted in higher apoptosis rate, decreased mitochondria membrane potential, and increased ROS levels. Sucrose and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) pre‐incubation inhibit ROS generation and increase cell survival, protecting nsPEF‐treated cells from low temperature‐caused cell death. This work provides an experimental basis for hypothermia and fluid transfusion during nsPEF ablation with anesthesia.
Flow cytometry was used to sort nsPEF treated cells after being exposed to different temperatures. Low temperature caused significant drop of mitochondrial membrane potential △Ψm.
The therapy role of mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cartilage regeneration has been well studied. Herein, we tried to analyze the role of human umbilical cord ...MSC- (hUCMSC-) EVs carrying microRNA- (miR-) 181c-5p in repair of cartilage injury. After successful isolation of hUCMSCs, the multidirectional differentiation abilities were analyzed. Then, the EVs were isolated and identified. After coculture of PKH26-labled EVs with bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs), the biological behaviors of which were detected. The relationship between the predicted early posttraumatic osteoarthritis-associated miRNA, miR-181c-5p, and SMAD7 was verified. Gain- and loss-of functions were performed for investing the role of miR-181c-5p and SMAD7 in BMP-induced chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. hUCMSC-EVs could be internalized by BMSCs and promote the proliferative, migratory, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials of BMSCs. Additionally, miR-181c-5p could target and inhibit SMAD7 expression to promote the bone morphogenic protein 2- (BMP2-) induced proliferative, migratory, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials of BMSCs. Also, overexpression of SMAD7 inhibited the repairing effect of BMP2, and overexpression of BMP2 and miR-181c-5p further promoted the repair of cartilage injury in vivo. Our present study highlighted the repairing effect of hUCMSC-EVs carrying miR-181c-5p on cartilage injury.
A Note on the Confusion Coefficient of Boolean Functions ZHOU, Yu; HU, Jianyong; MIAO, Xudong ...
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences,
12/2023, Volume:
E106.A, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Low confusion coefficient values can make side-channel attacks harder for vector Boolean functions in Block cipher. In this paper, we give new results of confusion coefficient for f ⊞ g, f ⊡ g, f ⊕ g ...and fg for different Boolean functions f and g, respectively. And we deduce a relationship on the sum-of-squares of the confusion coefficient between one n-variable function and two (n - 1)-variable decomposition functions. Finally, we find that the confusion coefficient of vector Boolean functions is affine invariant.
The notion of the confusion coefficient is a property that attempts to characterize confusion property of cryptographic algorithms against differential power analysis. In this article, we establish a ...relationship between the confusion coefficient and the autocorrelation function for any Boolean function and give a tight upper bound and a tight lower bound on the confusion coefficient for any (balanced) Boolean function. We also deduce some deep relationships between the sum-of-squares of the confusion coefficient and other cryptographic indicators (the sum-of-squares indicator, hamming weight, algebraic immunity and correlation immunity), respectively. Moreover, we obtain some trade-offs among the sum-of-squares of the confusion coefficient, the signal-to-noise ratio and the redefined transparency order for a Boolean function.
Aim. Microvessel density is a marker of tumor angiogenesis activity for development and metastasis. Our preliminary study showed that ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) induces apoptosis in hepatocellular ...carcinoma (HCC) in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-link for apoptosis induction and antiangiogenesis effect of Rg3 on orthotopic HCC in vivo. Methods. The murine HCC cells Hep1-6 were implanted in the liver of mouse. With oral feeding of Rg3 (10 mg/kg once a day for 30 days), the quantitative analysis of apoptosis was performed by using pathology and a transmission electron microscope and microvessel density was quantitatively measured by immunohistochemical staining of the CD105 antibody. The mice treated with Rg3 (n=10) were compared with the control (n=10) using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Animal weight and tumor weight were measured to determine the toxicity of Rg3 and antitumor effect on an orthotopic HCC tumor model. Results. With oral feeding of Rg3 daily in the first 30 days on tumor implantation, Rg3 significantly decreased the orthotopic tumor growth and increased the survival of animals (P<0.05). Rg3-treated mice showed a longer survival than the control (P<0.05). Rg3 treatment induced apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis. They contributed to the tumor shrinkage. Rg3 initialized the tumor apoptotic progress, which then weakened the tumor volume and its capability to produce the vascularized network for further growth of the tumor and remote metastasis. Conclusion. Rg3 inhibited the activation of microtumor vessel formation in vivo besides its apoptosis induction. Rg3 may be used as an adjuvant agent in the clinical HCC treatment regimen.
Repairing articular cartilage damage is challenging. Clinically, tissue engineering technology is used to induce stem cell differentiation and proliferation on biological scaffolds to repair ...defective joints. However, no ideal biological scaffolds have been identified. This study investigated the effects of amniotic membrane/collagen scaffolds on the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and articular cartilage repair.
Adipose tissue of New Zealand rabbits was excised, and ADSCs were isolated and induced for differentiation. An articular cartilage defect model was constructed to identify the effect of amniotic membrane/collagen scaffolds on cartilage repair. Cartilage formation was analyzed by imaging and toluene blue staining. Knee joint recovery in rabbits was examined using hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine, safranine, and immunohistochemistry at 12 weeks post-operation. Gene expression was examined using ELISA, RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence.
The adipose tissue was effectively differentiated into ADSCs, which further differentiated into chondrogenic, osteogenic, and lipogenic lineages after 3 weeks' culture
. Compared with platelet-rich plasmon (PRP) scaffolds, the amniotic membrane scaffolds better promoted the growth and differentiation of ADSCs. Additionally, scaffolds containing the PRP and amniotic membrane efficiently enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. The levels of COL1A1, COL2A1, COL10A1, SOX9, and ACAN in ADSCs + amniotic membrane + PRP group were significantly higher than the other groups both
and
. The Wakitani scores of the ADSC + amniotic membrane + PRP group were lower than that in ADSC + PRP (4.4 ± 0.44**), ADSC + amniotic membrane (2.63 ± 0.38**), and control groups (6.733 ± 0.21) at week 12 post-operation. Osteogenesis in rabbits of the ADSC + amniotic membrane + PRP group was significantly upregulated when compared with other groups. Amniotic membranes significantly promoted the expression of cartilage regeneration-related factors (SOX6, SOX9, RUNX2, NKX3-2, MEF2C, and GATA4). The ADSC + PRP + amniotic membrane group exhibited the highest levels of TGF-β, PDGF, and FGF while exhibiting the lowest level of IL-1β, IL6, and TNF-α in articular cavity.
Amniotic membrane/collagen combination-based scaffolds promoted the proliferation and cartilage differentiation of ADSCs, and may provide a new treatment paradigm for patients with cartilage injury.
Locoregional therapy is playing an increasingly important role in the non-surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The novel technique of non-thermal electric ablation by nanosecond ...pulsed electric field has been recognized as a potential locoregional methodology for indicated HCC. This manuscript explores the most recent studies to indicate its unique anti-tumor immune response. The possible immune mechanism, termed as nano-pulse stimulation, was also analyzed.
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•H2O2 and NH4OH modification improved the physicochemical characteristics of ball milled biochar.•Adsorption amount of phenyl VOCs onto biochar was 10.96–130.21 mg/g.•Biochar ...morphology characteristics and VOC properties affected the adsorption.•O- and N-doped ball-milled biochars showed good reusability.
Pristine biochar (CN600), ball-milled biochar (CN600-BM), H2O2 modified BM-biochar (CN600-O), and NH4OH modified BM-biochar (CN600-N) derived from corn stalk were applied to adsorb phenyl volatile organic compounds (VOCs). H2O2 and NH4OH modification of BM-biochar significantly improved its physicochemical characteristics and adsorption abilities. The specific surface area of CN600-O increased 2.05 and 1.23 times compared to CN600 and CN600-BM, respectively; while CN600-N increased 2.41 and 1.45 times, respectively. In addition, the ball milled biochars, especially CN600-O, showed higher acidity and polarity than CN600. The VOC adsorption amount onto biochars was 10.96–130.21 mg/g. CN600-O and CN600-N had high uptake of the VOCs and reached 100.07–111.79 mg/g and 110.49–130.21 mg/g, respectively. CN600-N showed the best performance with P-xylene adsorption up to 130.21 mg/g. VOC adsorption onto the CN600-O and CN600-N were mainly governed by surface adsorption and associated with morphology characteristics of the biochars as well as VOC properties such as boiling point and molecular size. Five cycles of adsorption-desorption experiments showed that CN600-O and CN600-N had good reusability with the reuse efficiencies of 88.01 %–92.21 % and 92.19 %–95.39 %, respectively. The results indicate that O- and N-doped ball-milled biochars are promising in adsorption for effective and sustainable VOC removal.
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•Ball milling increased SSA and PV by 4.6–14.7 and 3.44–13.2 folds, respectively.•Ball milling increased adsorption ability of biochar to aromatic VOCs.•Effect of hydrogen peroxide on ...ball milled biochar differed as pyrolysis temperature.•Maximum adsorption capacity (94.07–102.22 mg g−1) of biochar was obtained.•VOCs adsorption mechanisms onto biochar included adsorption and partitioning.
Ball milling is a promising mechanochemical method for biochar modification to increase adsorption capacity to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, biochar derived from wheat straw at different pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C, 450 °C, and 600 °C) was modified by ball milling with H2O2 and NH4OH, respectively. The pristine and ball milled biochar were tested to adsorb aromatic VOCs (benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene) through adsorption experiment with single adsorbate. The VOCs adsorption capacities onto biochar was 11.62–102.22 mg g−1. Ball milling effectively improved specific surface area (SSA) and total pore volume of biochar, and adsorption capacities increased 1.96–3.97 times compared to pristine biochar. Further, adsorption capacities of ball milled biochar pyrolyzed at 450 °C and 600 °C increased 1.33–1.64 times and 1.22–1.97 times by NH4OH modification, respectively. In addition, SSA and adsorption capacities of ball milled biochar derived from lower pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C and 450 °C) decreased by H2O2 modification, while adsorption capacities increased 1.18–1.99 times for ball milled biochar from 600 °C. The pseudo-second order model fitted better than pseudo-first order model for VOCs adsorption on ball milled biochar from 300 °C, while pseudo-first order model fitted better for ball milled biochar from 600 °C. VOCs adsorption mechanisms onto ball milled biochar included surface adsorption and partitioning. The results indicate that ball milling biochar with chemicals could be a promising modification method for VOCs adsorption.
To obtain bioceramics with good osteoinductive ability and mechanical strength, graded hydroxyapatite–zirconia (HA–ZrO
2
) composite bioceramics were prepared in this work. The biocompatibility of ...the bioceramics was investigated in vitro based on acute toxicity and cytotoxicity tests and hemolysis assay. Results showed the studied graded HA–ZrO
2
had little toxicity to mouse and L929 mouse fibroblasts. Also, hemolysis assay indicated a good blood compatibility of the bioceramics. Based on the results of in vitro tests, animal experiments were performed on white New Zealand rabbits by implantation into hip muscles and femur. It was found that the graded HA–ZrO
2
composite bioceramics exhibited superior osteoinductive ability, which may be a promising bioceramics implant.
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