•Pork samples were processed with 5 methods under 3 conditions.•Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was applied to evaluate processed pork samples.•Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated fatty acids in samples ...were predicted by HSI.•LS-SVM models were better than PLSR models.
Freezing, heating, and pickling are common processes for pork meats. Unsaturated fatty acids including monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids are indispensable nutrition beneficial to human’s health and growth. However, Unsaturated fatty acids are affected by processing methods. Hyperspectral imaging is a novel technique widely used for food quality and safety evaluation. In the current study, the contents of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were assessed by Hyperspectral imaging. Optimal wavelengths were selected by the regression coefficients curves of partial least squares regression models. The least-squares support vector machine models established achieved a better coefficient of determination in the Monte Carlo validation set than the partial least squares regression models developed and the R2MV values for the least squares - support vector machine models based on selected optimal wavelengths were higher than 0.81. Finally, colour maps of the contents of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were developed.
A general and efficient method for accessing enantiomerically pure arylpyrroles by utilizing the catalytic asymmetric Paal-Knorr reaction has been developed for the first time. A wide range of ...axially chiral arylpyrroles were obtained in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. The key to success is the use of the combined-acid catalytic system involving a Lewis acid and a chiral phosphoric acid for achieving effective enantiocontrol. Noteworthy is that an unexpected solvent-dependent inversion of the enantioselectivity was observed in the above-mentioned asymmetric reaction.
Decision confidence reflects our ability to evaluate the quality of decisions and guides subsequent behavior. Experiments on confidence reports have almost exclusively focused on two-alternative ...decision-making. In this realm, the leading theory is that confidence reflects the probability that a decision is correct (the posterior probability of the chosen option). There is, however, another possibility, namely that people are less confident if the best two options are closer to each other in posterior probability, regardless of how probable they are in absolute terms. This possibility has not previously been considered because in two-alternative decisions, it reduces to the leading theory. Here, we test this alternative theory in a three-alternative visual categorization task. We found that confidence reports are best explained by the difference between the posterior probabilities of the best and the next-best options, rather than by the posterior probability of the chosen (best) option alone, or by the overall uncertainty (entropy) of the posterior distribution. Our results upend the leading notion of decision confidence and instead suggest that confidence reflects the observer's subjective probability that they made the best possible decision.
Developing high-performance film dielectrics for capacitive energy storage has been a great challenge for modern electrical devices. Despite good results obtained in lead titanate-based dielectrics, ...lead-free alternatives are strongly desirable due to environmental concerns. Here we demonstrate that giant energy densities of ~70 J cm
, together with high efficiency as well as excellent cycling and thermal stability, can be achieved in lead-free bismuth ferrite-strontium titanate solid-solution films through domain engineering. It is revealed that the incorporation of strontium titanate transforms the ferroelectric micro-domains of bismuth ferrite into highly-dynamic polar nano-regions, resulting in a ferroelectric to relaxor-ferroelectric transition with concurrently improved energy density and efficiency. Additionally, the introduction of strontium titanate greatly improves the electrical insulation and breakdown strength of the films by suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies. This work opens up a feasible and propagable route, i.e., domain engineering, to systematically develop new lead-free dielectrics for energy storage.
This study aims to screen and identify the biological functions and prognostic value of CXC chemokines in ovarian cancer (OC) through bioinformatics and molecular biology methods, and to provide data ...support for the selection of biomarkers and prognostic analysis of OC.
In this study, GEO, ONCOMINE, GEPIA, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, Metascape, STRING, TRRUST, and TIMER databases were used to study CXC chemokines. Angiogenesis and T cell killing assay were used to detect the effect of CXCL10 on tumor cell immunity and angiogenesis. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting, and ectopic tumor formation experiments were used to verify the effect of CXCL10 on ovarian cancer tumors.
We found that CXCL1, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL13, and CXCL14 were significantly upregulated in OC samples compared with normal tissues. Our data showed that there was a relationship between the expression of CXC chemokines and the infiltration of six types of immune cells significant correlation. In vitro assay confirmed that overexpression of CXCL10 could enhance the killing effect of T cells and inhibit angiogenesis. Further in vivo assay had shown that CXCL10 could affect the progression of ovarian cancer by increasing the expression of cytotoxic T cells and inhibiting angiogenesis.
In conclusion, we hope that our data will provide new insights into the development of immunotherapy and the selection of prognostic markers for patients with OC.
Background
Elderly patients often exhibit postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), a postsurgical decline in memory and executive function. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, both ...pathological characteristics of the aged brain, contribute to this decline. This study posits that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation, an effective antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory modality, may enhance telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) function, the catalytic subunit of telomerase known for its protective properties against cellular senescence and oxidative damage, to alleviate POCD in aged mice.
Methods
The animal POCD model was created by subjecting aged mice to abdominal surgery, followed by EA pretreatment at the Baihui acupoint (GV20). Postoperative cognitive function was gauged using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Hippocampal TERT mRNA levels and telomerase activity were determined through qPCR and a Telomerase PCR ELISA kit, respectively. Oxidative stress was assessed through superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Iba‐1 immunostaining determined the quantity of hippocampal microglia. Additionally, western blotting assessed TERT, autophagy markers, and proinflammatory cytokines at the protein level.
Results
Abdominal surgery in aged mice significantly decreased telomerase activity and TERT mRNA and protein levels, but increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and decreased autophagy in the hippocampus. EA‐pretreated mice demonstrated improved postoperative cognitive performance, enhanced telomerase activity, increased TERT protein expression, improved TERT mitochondrial localization, and reduced oxidative damage, autophagy dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. The neuroprotective benefits of EA pretreatment were diminished following TERT knockdown.
Conclusions
Our findings underscore the significance of TERT function preservation in alleviating surgery‐induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aged mice. A novel neuroprotective mechanism of EA stimulation is highlighted, whereby modulation of TERT and telomerase activity reduces oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. Consequently, maintaining TERT function via EA treatment could serve as an effective strategy for managing POCD in elderly patients.
Preserving telomerase reverse transcriptase function can alleviate postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged mice by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Electroacupuncture pretreatment is an effective strategy for maintaining postoperative hippocampal telomerase reverse transcriptase function.
Nine new coordination polymers, namely, Mn2(L)(H2O)4·H2O (1), Cd(L)0.5(H2O) (2), Zn5(L)2(μ3-O)2(H2O)4·2H2O (3), Zn4(L)2(μ3-O)2Zn(H2O)5·2H2O (4), Zn2(L)(biim-4)0.5(H2O)3·H2O (5), ...Cd2(L)(bpy)(H2O)·2H2O·0.5(CH3CH2OH) (6), Cu2(H2L)2(bpy)2 (7), Cu2(L)(bpy)(H2O) (8), and Cu2(L)(bpy)1.5(H2O)2.5 (9), where H4L = 1,2,3,4-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, biim-4 = 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole), and bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 displays a rare trinodal (3,4,7)-connected (42·6)(45·6)(47·68·86) topology. 2 possesses an α-Po net. 3 is a novel 3D framework based on pentanuclear ZnII clusters. By adjustment of the pH values of the reaction mixture of 3 with a Na2CO3 solution, a structurally different compound, 4, was obtained, which exhibits a 3D porous framework with the Zn(H2O)62+ cations located in the channels. 5 is an unusual example of a trinodal (3,5)-connected network with a Schläfli symbol of (42·6)(62·8)(42·62·85·10), whereas 6, containing tetranuclear CdII clusters, shows a rare (4,6)-connected (44·62)2(44·610·8) topology. 7 exhibits a unique polythreading network, while 8 displays a scarce trinodal (3,4,5)-connected self-penetrating network. In comparison with 8, the chiral compound 9 possesses an unprecedented tetranodal (2,4)-connected (7)(75·11)(62·73·8)2(6·74·10)2 topology. The effects of the carboxylate ligands, the pH values, the reaction temperatures, the central metals, and the neutral ligands were elucidated. The IR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and luminescent properties for the compounds were also investigated.
Organisms must act in the face of sensory, motor, and reward uncertainty stemming from a pandemonium of stochasticity and missing information. In many tasks, organisms can make better decisions if ...they have at their disposal a representation of the uncertainty associated with task-relevant variables. We formalize this problem using Bayesian decision theory and review recent behavioral and neural evidence that the brain may use knowledge of uncertainty, confidence, and probability.
Vimentin, a kind of intermediate filament protein III in mesenchymal cells, has become a highly researched topic around the world in recent years, as it holds complex biological functions and plays ...an important role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the evolution of various tumors. This article reviews the biological function of vimentin and its relationship with breast cancer in order to provide novel ideas about the clinical diagnosis and targeted therapy of breast cancer.
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