The fast-growing consumer demand drives industrial process intensification, which subsequently creates a significant amount of waste. These products are discharged into the environment and can affect ...the quality of air, degrade water streams, and alter soil characteristics. Waste materials may contain polluting agents that are especially harmful to human health and the ecosystem, such as the synthetic dyes, phenolic agents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides and drug substances. Peroxidases are a class oxidoreductases capable of performing a wide variety of oxidation reactions, ranging from reactions driven by radical mechanisms, to oxygen insertion into CH bonds, and two-electron substrate oxidation. This versatility in the mode of action presents peroxidases as an interesting alternative in cleaning the environment. Herein, an effort has been made to describe mechanisms governing biochemical process of peroxidase enzymes while referring to H2O2/substrate stoichiometry and metabolite products. Plant peroxidases including horseradish peroxidase (HRP), soybean peroxidase (SBP), turnip and bitter gourd peroxidases have revealed notable biocatalytic potentialities in the degradation of toxic products. On the other hand, an introduction on the role played by ligninolytic enzymes such as manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) in the valorization of lignocellulosic materials is addressed. Moreover, sensitivity and selectivity of peroxidase-based biosensors found use in the quantitation of constituents and the development of diagnostic kits. The general merits of peroxidases and some key prospective applications have been outlined as concluding remarks.
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•Peroxidases ability to catalyze oxidation of a broad spectrum of environmental pollutants.•Mechanism of action and metabolites resulted from peroxidases applications are shown.•Biocatalyst versatility is advanced for economical and profitable biotechnology applications.
This work aimed at presenting a green method using a new source of peroxidase isolated from Raphanus sativus var. niger (RSVNP) in immobilized form, for the treatment of wastewater. To ensure ...stability and enzymatic activity in the biodegradation process, RSVNP was immobilized as a cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEAs). With more than 29% of recovered activity and 85% aggregation yield, acetone was selected as the best precipitating agent. The formed protein aggregates required 2% (v/v) of glutaraldehyde (GA) concentration and a ratio of 9:1 (v/v) enzyme (E) amount to cross-linker (E/GA). Compared to the free enzyme, RSVNP-CLEAs were found more chemically and thermally stable and exhibited good storage stability for more than 8 weeks. In addition, RSVNP-CLEAs were evaluated for their ability to remove phenol and p-cresol from aqueous solution by varying several operating conditions. A maximal yield (98%) of p-cresol conversion was recorded after 40 min; while 92% of phenol was degraded after 1 h duration time. The reusability of RSVNP-CLEAs was tested, displaying 71% degradation of phenol in the third batch carried out and more than 54% was achieved for p-cresol after four successive reuses in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at 2 mM concentration.
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•A new source of peroxidase was immobilized for phenolic compounds treatments.
•Crosslinked peroxidase showed better physical and thermal stability compared to the free enzyme.
•Immobilized peroxidase retained 100% activity after storage at 4 °C for 8 weeks.
•RSVNP-CLEAs were able to remove 92% of phenol and 98% of p-cresol.
•More than 71% degradation of phenols was achieved after 3 successive reuses.
The central composite rotatable design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize aluminum dispersed bamboo activated carbon preparation. The independent variables selected for ...optimization are activating agent (AlCl3) concentration (mol/L), activation temperature (°C), and activation time (min.). The independent variable's response change was observed through the percentage adsorption efficiency of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) antibiotics. The maximum CIP adsorption efficiency was found to be 93.6 ± 0.36% (13.36 mg/g) for the adsorbent prepared at AlCl3 concentration 2.0 mol/L, activation temperature 900 °C, and activation time 120 min. The adsorption efficiency was recorded at the natural pH (7.9) of the adsorbent (3 g/L)-adsorbate (50 mL solution of 50 ppm) mixture. The Al-dispersed bamboo activated carbon was characterized for its surface morphology, surface elemental compositions, molecular crystallinity, surface area, pore morphology, and surface functional groups. The mechanism of adsorbent surface formation and CIP adsorption sites were explored. The characterization data and mechanism study will help in deciding possible future applications in other fields of study.
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•Optimization of Al-dispersed bamboo activated carbon (ABAC) was performed using RSM.•Optimized ABAC has 263.5 m2/g BET surface area and 3.9 nm pore dia.•Removal efficiency of CIP onto ABAC was 93.6 ± 0.45%.•Presence of Al at the surface of ABAC guided the CIP adsorption.•Cationic surface charge in ABAC attracts the anionic CIP molecules.
Essential oils (EOs) from anise seeds (Pimpinella anisum) collected in the Algerian region were extracted by microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and hydrodistillation (HD). The oil yield (%), ...chemical composition, energetic consumption and the antimicrobial properties were evaluated of the obtained EO. The yields obtained by both processes were 2.81 ± 0.01% for 90 minutes and 3.30 ± 0.05% for 330 minutes for MAHD and HD, respectively. The determination of the chemical composition of EOs by GC‐MS revealed the presence of a majority compound, trans‐anethole 81.52% and 91.31% for MAHD and HD, respectively. The other main compounds present in the oils for MAHD and HD were, respectively: methyl chavicol (estragole) (0.63%‐1.39%), cis‐anethole (0.23%‐0.34%), anisaldehyde (1.1%‐1.57%), anisyl methyl ketone (0.28%‐0.13%), trans‐methyl isoellgenol (0.31%‐0.17%), γ‐himachalene (0.5%‐0.36%), trans‐pseudoisoeugenyl 2‐methylbutyrate (6.53%‐2.53%) and epoxy‐pseudoisoeugenyl 2‐methylbutyrate (2.01%‐0.56%). The EO obtained by MAHD detected other compounds, fenchone 0.41%, limonene 0.68%, cis‐jasmolacatone extra C 0.41%, trans‐isolongifolanone 0.2% and α‐himachalene 0.16%. The energetic consumption by MAHD was significantly less than HD. Theoretical data from mathematical modelling were compared with practical data, and the coefficient of determination was between 0.93 and 0.97. The sensibility of bacterial strains to the essential oil obtained by MAHD is marked relatively to that obtained by HD, and for the sensibility of fungal strains, it was conserved. The MAHD process revealed a good yield of anise seeds EOs while reducing extraction time and energetic consumption. The EO extracted by this process revealed the presence of other compounds while improving antibacterial activity.
Comparative study of two processes of essential oil extraction of Algerian Pimpinella anisum seeds (Anise seeds). The processes are microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation and hydrodistillation. Chemical composition and the antimicrobial properties were evaluated of the obtained EO.
Amino acids had previously been characterized based on their ability to be assimilated as carbon sources by Penicillium camemberti and Geotrichum candidum. For each microorganism, three groups of ...amino acids have been characterized, leading to four different metabolic behaviours. To describe those recorded during P. camemberti growth on an amino acid and glucose, an unstructured model had previously been developed, based on the sequential consumption of both carbon substrates; glucose first, followed after its exhaustion by the selected amino acid. Only the part of the amino acid assimilated as a carbon source for cellular biosynthesis was considered in the model, which had to be deduced from the total amino acid consumption. To avoid the use of such an indirect parameter, ammonium was considered in this work, which was produced after amino acid deamination and corresponded to the release of the excess nitrogen, since amino acids contain excess nitrogen in relation to their carbon content in fungi. The model, therefore, involved substrate carbon consumption, ammonium production, as well as biomass yield on the carbon substrate, Y.sub.X/S, and biomass yield on the produced ammonium, Y.sub.X/P. The model proved to describe satisfactorily the various metabolic behaviours recorded during P. camemberti and G. candidum growth on an amino acid and glucose. Key words. batch culture, carbon substrates, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium camemberti, unstructured models, biomass yield
A hybrid system combining plasma with photocatalysis for treatment of refrigerated food chambers.
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•A possible way to treat the air in refrigerated food chambers is ...proposed.•Non-thermal plasma was coupled to photocatalysis for indoor air treatment.•The impact of the operating parameters on performance of the process are tested.•The removal of propionic acid and benzene each alone and in mixture are studied.•Poisoning and catalyst regeneration capacity with non-thermal plasma is studied.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of non-thermal plasma (NTP) and heterogeneous photocatalytic processes for indoor air treatment of refrigerated food chambers. Propionic acid and benzene were chosen as target pollutants to simulate odors inside a fridge. Firstly, the microstructure of the used catalyst was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influence of operating parameters such as pollutant concentration, type of system (mono-compound or bi-compound system), duration of photocatalytic degradation and relative humidity in the indoor air were investigated. Our findings show a synergetic effect between NTP and photocatalysis for malodors removal. Additionally, the mineralization of pollutant is directly controlled by the amount of ozone produced by the plasma discharge then it decomposes on the TiO2-based catalytic surface. Our results highlight also the key role of the generated reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radials and atomic oxygen) in (i) propionic acid and benzene removal, (ii) selectivity of CO2 and CO, (iii) by-products formation such as ozone formation. Moreover, the recovery of the initial photocatalytic activity was explored in details. A significant poisoning occurred when photocatalysis was carried out alone for the degradation of propionic acid and benzene. Results confirm that NTP plasma enhanced the photocatalytic activity. We also showed the effect of NTP plasma on the regeneration of the photocatalytic surface.
An hybrid system of combined plasma with photocatalysis for treatment of hospital indoor air.
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•A possible way for treatment of air from hospitals and swimming pools is proposed.•The ...destruction of CVOC in air by photocatalysis and plasma and coupling is studied.•The synergistic effect of the combined system is observed.•The effects of operating parameters on the performance of each process are tested.•TiO2 + UV showed high performance in the mineralization and ozone elimination.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of non-thermal plasma and heterogeneous photocatalysis processes for indoor air treatment using cylindrical continuous reactor at pilot scale and high flow rates. Trichloromethane (CHCl3) also called chloroform was chosen as a model pollutant representing hospital indoor air. This pollutant is considered as carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic agent. The effect of several parameters such as inlet pollutant concentrations (25–300 mg m−3), flow rates (2–8 m3 h−1), relative humidity of the effluent (5, 30, 50 and 90%) as well as input of the plasma discharge (9–21 kV) on the photodegradation of trichloromethane is investigated.
Our findings show that the increase of flow rate leads to a reduction of degradation efficiency, while the humidity promotes the degradation in the case of photocatalysis process due to the formation of OH radicals.
Moreover, the addition of a photocatalyst under UV radiation in the discharge zone enhances the reduction of ozone and CO gases compared to plasma process alone.
The combination of plasma DBD and photocatalysis enhances the removal efficiency with a synergetic effect, leading to removal efficiency higher than 10% if we consider the sum of the contribution of each process separately.
This study aims to quantify haloperidol and methylparaben in a liquid pharmaceutical formulation (2 mg/ml) using UV spectrometry and the simultaneous equations method. Additionally, we explored the ...stability of haloperidol under various stress conditions. The UV analysis revealed maximum absorption peaks at 248 nm for haloperidol and 256 nm for methylparaben, using a 1% (v/v) lactic acid solution as the solvent. Method validation, conducted according to ICH guidelines, affirmed the method's reliability, showing excellent results in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. The method allows direct application to finished products, enabling simultaneous quantification without extractions. Its simplicity, speed, and cost-effectiveness make it ideal for routine controls in pharmaceutical industry haloperidol solution analyses. The method extends to monitoring forced degradation, indicating photolytic and hydrolytic degradation under acidic and basic conditions, while affirming thermal and oxidative stability. This proposed UV spectrometric method serves as a compelling alternative to pharmacopeia-recommended techniques, simplifying simultaneous determination of the active ingredient and preservative. This streamlines analysis, reducing time and costs. Additionally, it proves valuable in small industries lacking sophisticated instrumentation, offering insights into active ingredient behavior during forced degradation.
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•Spectrometry for Haloperidol and Methylparaben in 2 mg/ml Formulations.•Haloperidol's Resilience Under Varied Stress Conditions Unveiled.•Reliable Method Confirmed by ICH Guidelines for Linearity, Precision.•Direct Application for Simultaneous Quantification in Finished Products.•Streamlining Pharmaceutical Controls with UV Spectrometry for Haloperidol Solutions.
•UV spectrometry exhibited remarkable linearity (2-34 µg/mL), meeting industry standards.•A first-order degradation with a sluggish profile was revealed.•FTIR analysis demonstrated consistency of the ...molecular structure across temperatures.•XRD, DSC and TGA analysis confirmed the retention of the crystalline form and initial melting at 150°C preceding degradation.•RSM and IGWO identified optimal conditions to minimize degradation.
This study investigates the thermal stability of haloperidol, a crucial pharmaceutical compound, employing a multidimensional approach encompassing UV spectrometry, thermal degradation studies, kinetics analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The UV spectrometry method demonstrates exceptional linearity across a concentration range of 2–34 µg/ml, meeting stringent industry standards. Thermal degradation studies affirm the compound's stability when exposed to 80°C for 6 h. Kinetic analysis indicates a first-order reaction for the degradation process, with activation energy values suggesting a sluggish degradation profile under diverse heat stress conditions. FTIR analysis underscores the consistency of haloperidol's molecular structure across varying temperatures, while XRD confirms the retention of its crystalline form even under heat stress. DSC analysis unveils a melting temperature of 150°C, indicative of initial melting preceding degradation. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization identifies the conservation conditions effects (temperature and time)to minimize degradation, a finding substantiated by predictions from the Improved Grey Wolf Optimization (IGWO) algorithm and subsequent experimental validation. Furthermore, a bespoke MATLAB application is developed to streamline and enhance the accuracy of the complex optimization processes. This tool offers advanced features for predicting and optimizing haloperidol degradation rates, catering to the needs of both researchers and industry professionals. In essence, this study not only sheds light on the thermal stability of haloperidol but also provides practical tools and insights crucial for optimizing its stability under diverse environmental conditions, thereby bolstering its pharmaceutical applicability and efficacy.
The study applies experimental design to optimize hydrodistillation (HD) parameters in essential oils (EOs) extraction from the aerial parts of three different plants: Lavandula stoechas, Eucalyptus ...camaldulensis and Carum carvi. Three parameters have been examined: the particle size (Ps) the distillate flow (Q) and the volume of EOs vapor in the Clevenger (Vvap).The ratio of plant mass to the water volume has been kept constant as well as the extraction time. The full factorial design (FFD) gives a first-order model with an R2 > 0.99 for both plants Lavandula stoechas and Carum carvi. According to the Box–Behnken design (BBD) , the EOs yield of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seems to depend on the Vapor volume of the EOs, distillate flow and the particle size and, on the interaction between the Vapor volume and the distillate flow. A second order model obtained by the BBD application on the Eucalyptus camaldulensis plant. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that the model was significant, as evidenced from R2 of 0.991 and the model F-value of 196, 42. Finally, it seems that for plants whose secretory sites are superficial glandular trichomes, such as Lavandula stoechas leaves (Lamiaceae), or secretory canals, such as Carum carvi seeds (Apiaceae), the particle size has no effect on the extraction yield. On the contrary, the particle size is a limiting parameter in the case of endogenous secretory pockets of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae).
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•Hydrodistillation of three Algerian plants (Lavandula stoechas, Carum carvi and Eucalyptus camaldulensis) has been studied.•Effect of particle size, distillation flow and vapor volume on essential oil yield have been studied by experimental designs.•Essential oil extraction study for Lavandula stoechas and Carum carvi has been explored by a Full Factorial Design.•Optimization of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Essential Oil extraction has been studied by Response Surface Methodology.
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