In this study, kaempferol (KFL) shows hepatoprotective activity against zearalenone (ZEA)-induced oxidative stress and its underlying mechanisms in in vitro and in vivo models were investigated. ...Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of various hepatic ailments and is normally regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ZEA is a mycotoxin known to exert toxicity via inflammation and ROS accumulation. This study aims to explore the protective role of KFL against ZEA-triggered hepatic injury via the PI3K/Akt-regulated Nrf2 pathway. KFL augmented the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, which may stimulate antioxidative and antiapoptotic signaling in hepatic cells. KFL upregulated Nrf2 phosphorylation and the expression of antioxidant genes HO-1 and NQO-1 in a dose-dependent manner under ZEA-induced oxidative stress. Nrf2 knockdown via small-interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the KFL-mediated defence against ZEA-induced hepatotoxicity. In vivo studies showed that KFL decreased inflammation and lipid peroxidation and increased H
O
scavenging and biochemical marker enzyme expression. KFL was able to normalize the expression of liver antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GSH and showed a protective effect against ZEA-induced pathophysiology in the livers of mice. These outcomes demonstrate that KFL possesses notable hepatoprotective roles against ZEA-induced damage in vivo and in vitro. These protective properties of KFL may occur through the stimulation of Nrf2/HO-1 cascades and PI3K/Akt signaling.
Recent advancements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of chitosan as the second after cellulose available biopolymer in nature were discussed in this review. A general overview of ...processing and production procedures from A to Z was highlighted. Chitosan exists in three polymorphic forms which differ in degree of crystallinity (α, β, and γ). Thus, the degree of deacetylation, crystallinity, surface area, and molecular mass significantly affect most applications. Otherwise, the synthesis of chitosan nanofibers is suffering from many drawbacks that were recently treated by co-electrospun with other polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and polycaprolactone (PCL). Ultimately, this review focuses on the area of new trend utilization of chitosan nanoparticles as nanospheres and nanocapsules, in cartilage and bone regenerative medicine. Owing to its biocompatibility, bioavailability, biodegradability, and costless synthesis, chitosan is a promising biopolymeric structure for water remediation, drug delivery, antimicrobials, and tissue engineering.
Objective to assess the value of preoperative tranexamic acid (TXA) in reduction of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in high-risk cesarean delivery (CD).
A double blind randomized ...controlled trial included 160 high risk women who underwent elective lower segment CD. They were equally randomized to receive either 1 g of TXA or placebo 15 min before surgery. The primary outcome was Intraoperative blood loss.
The estimated blood loss was significantly higher in the placebo group when compared to TXA group (896.81 ± 519.6 vs. 583.23 ± 379.62 ml, P < 0.001). Both postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit were lower (9.2 ± 1.6 and 27.4 ± 4.1 vs. 10.1 ± 1.2 and 30.1 ± 3.4, P values < 0.001and 0.012 respectively) and their change percentages (15.41 vs. 7.11%, P < 0.001) were higher in the placebo group when compared to TXA one. The need for further ecbolics was higher in placebo group when compared to TXA group (46.25 vs. 13.75%, P < 0.001).
Preoperative TXA is safe and effective in reducing blood loss during and after high-risk CD.
ClincalTrial.gov ID: NCT03820206 .
Vascular malformations and tumors comprise a wide, heterogeneous spectrum of lesions that often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Frequent use of an inaccurate nomenclature has led to ...considerable confusion. Since the treatment strategy depends on the type of vascular anomaly, correct diagnosis and classification are crucial. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most valuable modality for classification of vascular anomalies because it accurately demonstrates their extension and their anatomic relationship to adjacent structures. A comprehensive assessment of vascular anomalies requires functional analysis of the involved vessels. Dynamic time-resolved contrast material-enhanced MR angiography provides information about the hemodynamics of vascular anomalies and allows differentiation of high-flow and low-flow vascular malformations. Furthermore, MR imaging is useful in assessment of treatment success and establishment of a long-term management strategy. Radiologists should be familiar with the clinical and MR imaging features that aid in diagnosis of vascular anomalies and their proper classification. Furthermore, they should be familiar with MR imaging protocols optimized for evaluation of vascular anomalies and with their posttreatment appearances. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.315105213/-/DC1.
Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of misoprostol to minimized blood loss during and after cesarean delivery (CD).
Search Strategy
Screening of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central ...Register of Controlled Trials from inception to February 2021 using the keywords related to misoprostol, CD, postpartum hemorrhage, and intraoperative blood loss and their MeSH terms.
Selection criteria
Only RCTs were included. Participants included women undergoing CD whether elective or selective. Thirty studies including 6593 women, 26 in English, 2 in Thai, 1 in French, and 1 in Chinese.
Data Collection and Analysis
Data from all selected studies were extracted independently by two authors. Data extracted included location of the trial, sample size, inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants characteristics, intervention details including timing, dose, and route of drug administration. Outcomes assessed included estimated intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage, the need for additional uterotonics, and hemoglobin difference.
Main Results
Four studies (968 women) compared preoperative to postoperative misoprostol and found a mean difference in intraoperative blood loss of −205.00 (−339.22, −70.77), p = 0.003 and in postoperative blood loss −216.27 (−347.08, −85.46), p < 0.001 and a significantly lower need for additional uterotonics with a risk ratio of 0.54 (0.46, 0.64), p < 0.00001. Twenty‐two studies (4701 participants) compared misoprostol to oxytocin. There was a mean difference in intraoperative blood loss of −108.43 (−156.04, −60.82), p < 0.0001. Nine of these trials with 1978 participants evaluated postoperative blood loss. These found a mean difference of −64.12 (−116.19, −12.04) with a p = 0.02. Fourteen trials with 3166 participants measured the difference between preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin. These found a mean difference of −0.25 (−0.35, −0.15) with a p < 0.001. Twenty trials with 4416 participants measured the need for administration of additional uterotonics. These found a risk ratio of 0.62 (0.49, 0.78) with a p value of <0.001.
Conclusion
The combined use of misoprostol and oxytocin during CD is effective in reducing blood loss during and after CD.
Objective
To evaluate the value of serum microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) and miR‐199a as reliable noninvasive biomarkers in the diagnosis of endometriosis.
Methods
During 2015–2016, at a teaching hospital in ...Egypt, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 45 women with pelvic endometriosis and 35 women who underwent laparoscopy for pelvic pain but were not diagnosed with endometriosis. Blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) samples were collected; interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and miR‐122 and miR‐199a expression was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.
Results
The serum and PF levels of IL‐6, miR‐122, and miR‐199a were significantly higher in women with endometriosis than in controls (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Serum miR‐122 expression was positively correlated with serum IL‐6 (r=0.597), PF IL‐6 (r=0.603), PF miR‐122 (r=0.934), serum miR‐199a (r=0.727), and PF miR‐199a (r=0.653). Serum miR‐199a expression was positively correlated with serum IL‐6 (r=0.677), PF IL‐6 (r=0.678), PF miR‐122 (r=0.744), and PF miR‐199a (r=0.932). Serum miR‐122 and miR‐199a had a sensitivity of 95.6% and 100.0%, and a specificity of 91.4% and 100%, respectively, for the detection of endometriosis.
Conclusion
Serum miR‐122 and miR‐199a were significantly increased in endometriosis, indicating that these microRNAs might serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometriosis.
Serum miR‐122 and miR‐199a are significantly increased in women with endometriosis and these microRNAs have a strong potential to act as biomarkers to diagnose endometriosis.
The large number of poststroke recovery patients poses a burden on rehabilitation centers, hospitals, and physiotherapists. The advent of rehabilitation robotics and automated assessment systems can ...ease this burden by assisting in the rehabilitation of patients with a high level of recovery. This assistance will enable medical professionals to either better provide for patients with severe injuries or treat more patients. It also translates into financial assistance as well in the long run. This paper demonstrated an automated assessment system for in-home rehabilitation utilizing a data glove, a mobile application, and machine learning algorithms. The system can be used by poststroke patients with a high level of recovery to assess their performance. Furthermore, this assessment can be sent to a medical professional for supervision. Additionally, a comparison between two machine learning classifiers was performed on their assessment of physical exercises. The proposed system has an accuracy of 85% (±5.1%) with careful feature and classifier selection.
is one of the oldest plants utilized by humans for both economic and medical purposes. Although the use of cannabis started millennia ago in the Eastern hemisphere, its use has moved and flourished ...in the Western nations in more recent centuries.
is the source of psychoactive cannabinoids that are consumed as recreational drugs worldwide. The C21 aromatic hydrocarbons are restricted in their natural occurrence to cannabis (with a few exceptions). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ
-THC) is the main psychoactive component in cannabis, with many pharmacological effects and various approved medical applications. However, a wide range of side effects are associated with the use of Δ
-THC, limiting its medical use. In 1966, another psychoactive cannabinoid, Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ
-THC) was isolated from marijuana grown in Maryland but in very low yield. Δ
-THC is gaining increased popularity due to its better stability and easier synthetic manufacturing procedures compared to Δ
-THC. The passing of the U.S. Farm Bill in 2018 led to an increase in the sale of Δ
-THC in the United States. The marketed products contain Δ
-THC from synthetic sources. In this review, methods of extraction, purification, and structure elucidation of Δ
-THC will be presented. The issue of whether Δ
-THC is a natural compound or an artifact will be discussed, and the different strategies for its chemical synthesis will be presented. Δ
-THC of synthetic origin is expected to contain some impurities due to residual amounts of starting materials and reagents, as well as side products of the reactions. The various methods of analysis and detection of impurities present in the marketed products will be discussed. The pharmacological effects of Δ
-THC, including its interaction with CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in comparison with Δ
-THC, will be reviewed.
Safety and efficacy of preoperative tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in high-risk women undergoing cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Department ...of obstetrics and gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Nancy Mohamed Ali Rund Authors 1. Rights and permissions Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Correction: Safety and efficacy of preoperative tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in high-risk women undergoing cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Safety and efficacy of preoperative tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in high-risk women undergoing cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial.
Harnessing coastal biowaste for dual valorization in water treatment and biofuel production holds paramount importance for sustainability and resource challenges. This study investigated the ...potential of engineered composite (CABC) derived from coastal biowaste-based materials for tetracycline (TC) removal and biomethane production. High-yield calcium carbonate (CaCO3; 95.65%; bivalve shells) and biochar (GA-BC; 41.50%; green macroalgae) were produced and used as precursors for CABC. The characterization results revealed presence of β-CaCO3 and ν2-CO3 aragonite in CaCO3, and composite homogeneity was achieved. The CABC exhibited a maximum TC sorption capacity of 342.26 mg/g via synergistic sorption mechanisms (i.e., surface/pore filling, electrostatic attraction, calcium ion exchange, and chelation). Supplementation of anaerobic digestion process with GA-BC, CaCO3, and CABC was investigated via three consecutive cycles. Biochemical methane potential of glucose as a sole substrate was increased from 157.50 to 217.00, 187.00, and 259.00 mL-CH4, while dual substrate (glucose+TC) treatment was increased from 94.5 to 146.5, 129.0, and 153.00 mL-CH4 for GA-BC, CaCO3, and CABC, respectively. Moreover, system stability and TC removal were increased with the addition of GA-BC (40.90%), CaCO3 (16.30%), and CABC (53.70%). Therefore, this study exemplifies the circular bioeconomy approach, demonstrating the sustainable use of biowaste-derived composite for water treatment and biofuel production.
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•CABC composite was successfully synthesized via ball milling technique.•CABC exhibited sorption capacity of 342.26 mg/g for TC removal.•GA-BC and CABC boosted the AD process via enriching DIET between microbial species.•CaCO3 promotes AD by stimulating EPS production and sludge granulation.•CABC significantly increased biomethane production and decreased process lag time.
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