To identify pattern of change in average positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and state anxiety (St ANX) across three biological end points of an IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) ...procedure and to examine whether the pattern varied across sociodemographic and biomedical subgroups.
Longitudinal follow-up study of PA, NA, and St ANX at three different time points: before start of study, before ovum pick-up (OPU), and before embryo transfer.
Three infertility centers in northern India.
Baseline data were obtained from a consecutive sample of 85 women. However, final analysis was done on data obtained from 74 women who reached the embryo transfer stage and completed the questionnaires at both OPU and embryo transfer.
The PA, NA, and St ANX scores.
Change in PA, NA, and St ANX scores at three stages of the treatment: baseline (T(0)), before OPU (T(1)), before embryo transfer (T(2)).
The PA scores before OPU and embryo transfer were significantly lower than those at baseline. The mean NA and St ANX scores before OPU and embryo transfer were significantly higher than baseline scores. Furthermore, mean NA before embryo transfer was significantly higher than mean NA before OPU. The PA and St ANX scores showed statistically insignificance within cycle variations. Furthermore, the mean PA and St ANX for a subgroup of women who reported more than moderate level of burden were less variable.
The OPU and embryo transfer stages are more stressful than the baseline stage for most women across various sociodemographic and biomedical subgroups. Women with more than a moderate level of financial burden were relatively more stable.
Herbivore attack induces defense responses in plants, activating several signaling cascades. As a result, molecules deterrent to the herbivores are produced and accumulated in plants. Expression of ...defense mechanism/traits requires reorganization of the plant metabolism, redirecting the resources otherwise meant for growth. In the present work, protein profile of Capsicum annuum leaves was examined after herbivore attack/induction. Majority of proteins identified as differentially accumulated, were having roles in redox metabolism and photosynthesis. For example, superoxide dismutase and NADP oxidoreductase were upregulated by 10- and 6-fold while carbonic anhydrase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were downregulated by 9- and 4-fold, respectively. Also, superoxide dismutase, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase and NADP dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase transcripts showed a higher accumulation in induced leaf tissues at early time points. In general, proteins having role in defense and damage repair were upregulated while those involved in photosynthesis appeared downregulated. Thus metabolic reconfiguration to balance defense and tolerance was evident in the stress-induced leaves.
•Metabolic reconfiguration was evident in induced plants.•Proteins involved in redox reactions and damage repair were upregulated.•Proteins involved in photosynthesis were downregulated.
Recent evidence supports the role of menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, in enhanced energy expenditure, thermogenesis and BAT-like activity in classical WAT depots in a TRPM8 dependent and independent manner. ...The present study was designed to analyse whether oral and topical administration of menthol is bioavailable at subcutaneous adipose tissue and is sufficient to directlyinduce desired energy expenditure effects. GC-FID was performed to study menthol bioavailability in serum and subcutaneous white adipose tissue following oral and topical administration. Further, 3T3L1 adipocytes were treated with bioavailable menthol doses and different parameters (lipid accumulation, "
/
" and energy expenditure gene expression, metal analysis, mitochondrial complex's gene expression) were studied. No difference was observed in serum levels but significant difference was seen in the menthol concentration on subcutaneous adipose tissues after oral and topical application. Menthol administration at bioavailable doses significantly increased "
" and energy expenditure phenotype, enhanced mitochondrial activity related gene expression, increased metal concentration during adipogenesis but did not alter the lipid accumulation as well as acute experiments were performed with lower dose of menthol on mature adipocytes In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that bioavailable menthol after single oral and topical administration is sufficient to induce "
" phenotype in subcutaneous adipose tissue However, critical dose characterization for its clinical utility is required.
Background: The upper labial frenum is a normal anatomic structure with inherent morphological variations. Frenum has variations depending upon the attachment of fibers along with the presence of ...structural variations. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of frenal variations in a diverse ethnic population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 500 subjects within age group of 16-40 years (285 females, 215 males). Intraoral examination was done to evaluate the variations in frenum and photographs were taken. Results: In this study, depending upon structural variations, normal frenum was most common followed by frenum with nodule while frenum with appendix was found to be least common. However, no significant difference was found between males and females (P > 0.05) with respect to all frenal attachments. Furthermore, other structural variations were found in the diverse population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh. Conclusion: Upper labial frenum is a small anatomical landmark in the oral cavity found to have diverse morphology. The dentist needs to give due importance for frenum assessment during the oral examination.
MAIN CONCLUSION : The proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes from Capsicum annuum were characterized with respect to their UTR, introns and promoter elements. The occurrence of PIs with circularly permuted ...domain organization was evident. Several potato inhibitor II (Pin-II) type proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes have been analyzed from Capsicum annuum (L.) with respect to their differential expression during plant defense response. However, complete gene characterization of any of these C. annuum PIs (CanPIs) has not been carried out so far. Complete gene architectures of a previously identified CanPI-7 (Beads-on-string, Type A) and a member of newly isolated Bracelet type B, CanPI-69 are reported in this study. The 5′ UTR (untranslated region), 3′UTR, and intronic sequences of both the CanPI genes were obtained. The genomic sequence of CanPI-7 exhibited, exon 1 (49 base pair, bp) and exon 2 (740 bp) interrupted by a 294-bp long type I intron. We noted the occurrence of three multi-domain PIs (CanPI-69, 70, 71) with circularly permuted domain organization. CanPI-69 was found to possess exon 1 (49 bp), exon 2 (551 bp) and a 584-bp long type I intron. The upstream sequence analysis of CanPI-7 and CanPI-69 predicted various transcription factor-binding sites including TATA and CAAT boxes, hormone-responsive elements (ABRELATERD1, DOFCOREZM, ERELEE4), and a defense-responsive element (WRKY71OS). Binding of transcription factors such as zinc finger motif MADS-box and MYB to the promoter regions was confirmed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay followed by mass spectrometric identification. The 3′ UTR analysis for 25 CanPI genes revealed unique/distinct 3′ UTR sequence for each gene. Structures of three domain CanPIs of type A and B were predicted and further analyzed for their attributes. This investigation of CanPI gene architecture will enable the better understanding of the genetic elements present in CanPIs.
(S)-1,1′-Binaphthyl-2,2′-diol was prepared in high optical purity (∼98%) via Arthrobacter sp. lipase (MTCC No. 5125) catalyzed kinetic resolution. The immobilization of the substrate on a solid inert ...support significantly improved the enantioselectivity factor (E) by almost sixfolds, i.e. from ∼27 to >180. The effect of acyl substituents and co-solvents were also studied.
Wound-inducible Pin-II Proteinase inhibitors (PIs) are one of the important plant serine PIs which have been studied extensively for their structural and functional diversity and relevance in plant ...defense against insect pests. To explore the functional specialization of an array of Capsicum annuum (L.) proteinase inhibitor (CanPIs) genes, we studied their expression, processing and tissue-specific distribution under steady-state and induced conditions. Inductions were performed by subjecting C. annuum leaves to various treatments, namely aphid infestation or mechanical wounding followed by treatment with either oral secretion (OS) of Helicoverpa armigera or water.
The elicitation treatments regulated the accumulation of CanPIs corresponding to 4-, 3-, and 2-inhibitory repeat domains (IRDs). Fourty seven different CanPI genes composed of 28 unique IRDs were identified in total along with those reported earlier. The CanPI gene pool either from uninduced or induced leaves was dominated by 3-IRD PIs and trypsin inhibitory domains. Also a major contribution by 4-IRD CanPI genes possessing trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor domains was specifically revealed in wounded leaves treated with OS. Wounding displayed the highest number of unique CanPIs while wounding with OS treatment resulted in the high accumulation of specifically CanPI-4, -7 and -10. Characterization of the PI protein activity through two dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed tissue and induction specific patterns. Consistent with transcript abundance, wound plus OS or water treated C. annuum leaves exhibited significantly higher PI activity and isoform diversity contributed by 3- and 4-IRD CanPIs. CanPI accumulation and activity was weakly elicited by aphid infestation yet resulted in the higher expression of CanPI-26, -41 and -43.
Plants can differentially perceive various kinds of insect attacks and respond appropriately through activating plant defenses including regulation of PIs at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Based on the differentially elicited CanPI accumulation patterns, it is intriguing to speculate that generating sequence diversity in the form of multi-IRD PIs is a part of elaborative plant defense strategy to obtain a diverse pool of functional units to confine insect attack.
Aim and Objective: To analyze the menopause-related symptoms and its impact on quality of life in post-menopausal women from urban and rural area.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional 1-year ...study was carried among women of urban (n = 490) and rural (n = 380) areas, attending the outpatient department in the urban area and a house-to-house survey in rural areas, by interviews with the help of a pretested semi-structured standard questionnaire. For assessment of the menopausal symptoms menopause rating scale (MRS) and for quality of life, World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHO QOL-BREF) questionnaire was used.
Results: There was a significant difference between the MRS total scores of the urban (14.67 ± 6.64) and rural (16.08 ± 7.65) group. The somatic, psychological, and urogenital symptoms were high in rural women than in urban women. The results were not significant for urogenital subscale. The mean raw scores of physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains was more in urban than in rural women. The mean transformed scores (4-20) of physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains was more in urban than in rural women. The mean transformed scores (0-100) including the physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains was more in urban than in rural women. The result was not significant for physical health.
Conclusion: The high proportions and the scores of MRS were observed in both rural and the urban women. The severity of symptoms was found more distressing for rural women. The quality of life in urban society was average and better than in rural women.
Background: The pregnancy complications associated with women over 35 years of age are becoming more frequent. Late or too late remains the thread bearing discussion these days. Multiple studies have ...reported that women with 35 years of age or beyond are more vulnerable to develop obstetric complications. The present study has been conducted to reckon the strength of the association between maternal age and obstetric issues pertaining to women. Methods: This prospective study considered 217 single consecutive pregnancies which were divided into two groups based on age of patients. Group A consists of 163 pregnant women aged < 35 years and group B consists of 54 pregnant patients aged greater than or equal to 35 years. The study was conducted at government medical college, Lala-Ded, and hospital Srinagar. Results: In spite of the underlying mechanisms, rigorous statistical analysis revealed the negative impact of extreme maternal ages on pregnancy. We found a significant difference between group A and group B with respect to early pregnancy loss, C-section, antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum complications (p<0.001). Conclusions: Evidently, it was demonstrated that women aging 35 years or above are more vulnerable to develop multiple intrapartum and postpartum complications than younger women in group B. Keywords: Antepartum complication, Ostpartum complication, Placenta previa, Assisted conception
This study was conducted to analyze the changes in gingival health in patients treated with probiotic containing mouth rinse. Thirty volunteers between 20 and 35 years were randomly divided into two ...groups. While one group was given placebos, the other was given probiotic mouth rinse for 14 days. The volunteers were instructed to swish the mouth rinse for 60 s twice a day. Intergroup comparison of the plaque scores (baseline-14 days) showed there was statistically significant difference in the mean plaque scores between the placebos group (0.14) (P < 0.05) and the test group (0.42) (P < 0.05) and a statistically significant difference in the mean gingival scores from baseline-14 days between the placebos group (0.9) (P < 0.05) and the test group (0.38) with (P < 0.05). Despite the short period for which the probiotics mouthwash was used by the patients, substantial improvement in gingival health of patients was observed in the study.
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