Cerebrospinalni likvor je bistra tekućina koja svojim sastavom nalikuje krvnoj plazmi; oplahuje cijeli središnji živčani sustav, osigurava njegovu normalnu funkciju i sudjeluje u mehaničkoj zaštiti ...mekih struktura središnjeg živčanog sustava. Osim toga, likvor djeluje kao „čistač“ središnjeg živčanog sustava jer uklanja nusproizvode sinaptičkog metabolizma, ali i štetne tvari. Premda su funkcije likvora brojne, mnoga pitanja o njegovom nastanku, kruženju i nestanku ostaju neodgovorena. Klasična hipoteza o fiziologiji likvora, poznata i kao „Weed–Dandy–Cushing hipoteza“, nastala je pred nešto više od 100 godina i ostaje duboko ukorijenjena u literaturi. Ovaj klasični koncept opisuje stvaranje likvora u koroidnim spletovima moždanih komora i resorpciju u arahnoidnim resicama, dok kruženje likvora opisuje kao jednosmjerno i naziva ga „trećom cirkulacijom“. Međutim, unatrag 30-ak godina, sve se više istraživača protivi klasičnoj teoriji o stvaranju i kruženju likvora i predlažu novu, potpuno drugačiju teoriju fiziologije likvora. Ovaj moderni koncept, u literaturi poznat i kao „Bulat ‒ Orešković ‒ Klarica hipoteza“, sugerira da se likvor stvara i apsorbira u svim dijelovima središnjeg živčanog sustava i giba se pod utjecajem pulzacije krvnih žila, a opisuje stvaranje i apsorpciju likvora kao kontinuirani proces izmjene vode, pri čemu ključnu ulogu imaju hidrostatski i osmotski tlakovi. Premda su potrebna dodatna istraživanja u svrhu utvrđivanja točnosti oba koncepta, vrijeme je da preispitamo klasično učenje da bismo mogli unaprijediti liječenje patoloških stanja u likvorskom sustavu.
•Granulomas as a reaction to sutures present a rare surgical complication, which can be misinterpreted as a neoplasia on diagnostic imaging.•A 5-year-old mixed-breed bitch showed a 9 cm x 7 cm mass ...at the location of the left ovary, presumed to be a tumor.•The mass was removed and submitted for histopathology which revealed granulomatous inflammation as a reaction to suture material.•The case emphasizes that diagnostic imaging should be supplemented with additional diagnostic procedures, for example histopathology, for etiologic diagnosis of masses encountered in the abdomen.
Ovariohysterectomy is a common surgical procedure performed on female dogs throughout the world. One rare complication is the development of granulomas as a reaction to sutures. Granulomas can grossly and on diagnostic imaging mimic neoplasia, which can present a diagnostic challenge. We present a rare case of ovarian suture granuloma, which resembled a tumor on diagnostic imaging. A 5-year-old, spayed, mixed-breed bitch was presented for anorexia and apathy lasting for a week. On clinical examination fever, dehydration, enlarged lymph nodes, and a tense abdomen were evident. Radiology and ultrasound revealed a 9 cm x 7 cm mass at the location of the left ovary, presumed to be a tumor. The mass was removed on laparotomy and submitted for histopathology which diagnosed granulomatous inflammation as a reaction to a foreign body (most consistently with suture reaction). The current case presents a rare late complication of ovariohysterectomy in the form of a suture granuloma. The case emphasizes the need for additional diagnostic procedures for etiologic diagnosis of masses encountered in the abdomen, especially histopathology, as diagnostic imaging cannot distinguish inflammation from neoplasia.
This report describes a straightforward surgical technique for open treatment of a scapulohumeral joint derangement in a very small patient. A case of an open repair of a traumatic left ...scapulohumeral luxation in a degu (Octodon degus) with a synthetic ligament is described. The progress of healing was monitored clinically and radiographically. Seroma formation two weeks postoperatively was the only minor complication recorded. There were no major complications. The patient started using the limb 19 days postoperatively and full return of function was achieved within 60 days. Key words: degu; shoulder luxation; often reduction
Peptidyl Succinimidyl Peptides as Taspase 1 Inhibitors van den Boom, Johannes; Mamić, Marija; Baccelliere, Daniele ...
Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology,
October 13, 2014, Volume:
15, Issue:
15
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Taspase 1 is an N‐terminal threonine protease implicated in leukemia and other cancers. Despite intensive efforts in recent years, only a limited number of Taspase 1 inhibitors are currently ...available, and they lack general applicability. Here we present a novel class of Taspase 1 inhibitors based on a peptidyl succinimidyl peptide motif. These inhibitors were obtained from the substrate cleavage sequence and mechanistic considerations involving the previously proposed asparaginase‐type cleavage mechanism. We anticipate that this class of Taspase 1 inhibitor will find wide application in further biochemical and structural studies, for example for better investigating the molecular details of the unusual enzymatic cleavage mechanism of Taspase 1.
Mechanism‐based Taspase 1 inhibitors: Based on the proposed asparaginase‐like substrate cleavage mechanism, peptidyl succinimidyl peptides were designed and found to act as Taspase 1 inhibitors. These showed high inhibition against purified Taspase 1, but were not effective against Taspase 1 in cell lysate.
Structurally different ferrocene peptides I–VI exhibit considerable conformational differences. This study has explored the structural properties of VII Y‐AA‐Fca‐OMe; Y = di‐tert‐butyl dicarbonate ...(Boc), acetyl (Ac); AA = L‐Ala, D‐Ala; Fca = 1′‐aminoferrocene‐1‐carboxylic acid with an exchanged sequence of constituent amino acids relative to VI (Y‐Fca‐AA‐OMe; Y = Boc, Ac; AA = L‐Ala, D‐Ala). The ferrocene peptides VII were obtained by coupling C‐protected Fca with Boc‐L‐Ala‐OH and Boc‐D‐Ala‐OH, respectively. The Boc protecting groups of the obtained conjugates Boc‐AA‐Fca‐OMe (2a, AA = L‐Ala; 2b, AA = D‐Ala) were converted to sterically less demanding Ac groups to give Ac‐AA‐Fca‐OMe (3a, AA = L‐Ala; 3b, AA = D‐Ala). In order to examine their conformational properties, peptides VII were subjected to spectroscopic analysis (IR, 1H NMR, CD) and molecular modeling (DFT). The alteration of peptides VI into VII significantly influenced their conformational properties. Conjugates VI were stabilized through interchain hydrogen bonding, whereas inter‐ and intrachain hydrogen bonds were established in their constitutional isomers VII. The replacement of the bulky Boc group with an Ac group did not cause major conformational changes, and the absolute configuration of the alanine chiral centers did not affect the conformational properties.
It was determined by IR and NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations that ferrocene peptides adopt several conformations stabilized through intra‐ and interchain hydrogen bonds. The protecting groups and absolute configuration of the alanine chiral centers do not significantly affect their conformational properties.
Bolest međukralježničnog diska čest je uzrok ozljede leđne moždine i motorne disfunkcije te se najčešće javlja u grudno-slabinskom segmentu kralježnice. Retrospektivnim istraživanjem u razdoblju od ...sedam godina obuhvaćena su 104 slučaja pasa s grudno-slabinskim (GS) sindromom liječenih na Klinici za kirurgiju, ortopediju i oftalmologiju Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Većina pasa imala je akutnu kliničku sliku s visokim stupnjem neurološkog deficita. Francuski buldog bio je najčešći hondrodistrofični tip pasmine u koje se javljao GS sindrom dok je njemački ovčar bio najbrojniji u nehondrodistrofičnom tipu pasmine. GS sindrom u većem broju javljao se u muških jedinki. Ekstruzija diska u oba tipa pasmine javljala se u području T12-T13 i T13-L1 međukralježničnog prostora. Podatci o oporavku poznati su za 61,53 % pacijenata od čega je 70,44 % pacijenata postiglo zadovoljavajući oporavak. Nad svim pacijentima u provedenom istraživanju kao operacijska tehnika koristila se bilateralna mini hemilaminektomija izvedena od strane istog operatera. U 30 % pacijenata neovisno o nalazu mijelografije, materijal diska uočen je s obje strane međukralježničnog prostora zbog čega je opravdano razmotriti primjenu bilateralne mini-hemilaminektomije kao metodu izbora pri liječenju pasa s GS sindromom. Ovi rezultati će koristiti u budućim istraživanjima GS sindroma te će doprinijeti u njegovoj dijagnostici i liječenju.
The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant effect of the novel bee-product based intramammary formulation ApimastR on the oxidative status of dairy cows. ApimastR was administered ...intramammarily three times at 12 h intervals to 10 dairy cows on each of the three dairy farms. The oxidative status markers and some metabolic parameters were determined in the milk (GSH-Px, d-ROM, SOD, BAP, TAS) and in the serum (SOD, GSH-Px, NEFA, BHB, glucose). The results showed that the effect of ApimastR was mostly local, regardless of the concentration used (3% and 1%) as there was an increase in the concentration of GSH-Px and TAS in the milk, but not in the blood. It is also of a short-term nature since the values of these parameters were significantly lower 7 days after application. The expected connection between the increase of ROM in milk samples from the microbiologically positive quarters was not found. The results of this study confirm the local antioxidant effect of ApimastR in the udder, with implications for non-antibiotic subclinical mastitis treatment. Key words: mastitis; oxidative stress; ApimastR; propolis; dairy cows
Ovaj izvještaj opisuje jednostavnu kiruršku tehniku liječenja traumatskog iščašenja skapulohumeralnog zgloba u vrlo malog pacijenta. Prikazan je slučaj traumatske luksacije lijevoga skapulohumeralnog ...zgloba u degua (Octogon degus) sintetičkim ligamentom. Proces cijeljenja praćen je klinički i rendgenski. Jedina zabilježena manja komplikacija bio je nastanak seroma dva tjedna nakon operacije. Nije bilo većih komplikacija. Pacijent se počeo služiti nogom 19 dana nakon operacije, a pun povratak funkcije postignut je unutar 60 dana.
PDF
